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Topic: GNU Linux

	Learn more about Linux in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first version of the Linux kernel was written by Linus Torvalds and released in 1991, combined with essential components from the GNU project (begun in 1983 by Richard Stallman).
		By 1991, when Linux was written, the GNU project had produced nearly all of the components of this system, including a shell, a C library, and a C compiler.
		The Linux kernel was initially written as a hobby by a Finnish university student, Linus Torvalds, who was attending the University of Helsinki, as a free and modifiable Minix-like kernel.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/linux.html (2103 words)

	Linux - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linux started out as a terminal emulator written in IA-32 assembler and C which was compiled into binary form and booted from a floppy disk so that it would run outside of any operating system.
		Linux is the cornerstone of the so-called LAMP server-software combination (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python) that has achieved widespread popularity among Web developers, making it one of the most common platforms on the Web.
		Linux and other free software projects have been frequently criticized for not going far enough in terms of ensuring usability, and Linux has been generally considered to be more difficult to use than Windows or the Macintosh, although it is steadily improving.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linux (4368 words)

	GNU/Linux naming controversy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		FSF artwork of the gnu (GNU mascot) and the penguin Tux (Linux kernel mascot) representing "GNU/Linux".
		The history of Linux is closely tied to that of GNU, which began the development of a complete Unix-like operating system composed entirely of free software in January 1984.
		Moreover, both the name "GNU" and the name "Linux" are intentionally related to the name "Unix", and Unix has always conceptually included the C library and userland tools as well as the kernel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy (2027 words)

	Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is more often known as ``Linux'', and many users are not aware of the extent of its connection with the GNU Project.
		Linux is normally used in a combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU, with Linux functioning as its kernel.
		One CD-ROM vendor found that in their ``Linux distribution'', GNU software was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the total source code, and this included some of the essential major components without which there could be no system.
	www.gnu.org /gnu/linux-and-gnu.html (1471 words)

	Linux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The history of Linux is closely tied to that of the GNU project, a prominent free-software project led by Richard Stallman.
		By 1991, when the first version of the Linux kernel was written, the GNU project had produced nearly all of the components of this system — except the kernel.
		Linux users, having traditionally had to install and configure their own system, have tended to be more technologically oriented than Microsoft Windows and Mac OS users, often revelling in the tag of "hacker" or "geek." This stereotype has been undermined in recent years by the increasing user-friendliness and broader adoption of many Linux distributions.
	www.wikiverse.org /linux (2370 words)

	FSF - The Free Software Foundation
		We are committed to furthering the development of the GNU Operating System and enabling volunteers to easily contribute to that work.
		The commencement of the GNU project in 1984, with its goal to give users freedom, required the establishment of new distribution terms that would prevent the project being turned into proprietary software.
		Today the GNU GPL is the most widely used Free Software license, and as its author, the FSF works to help the wider community use and comprehend it.
	www.fsf.org (576 words)

	The Linux Home Page at Linux Online
		Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.
		Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.
		The Linux kernel provides the basic services and device drivers used by all other programs running on a Linux OS system.
	www.linux.org (279 words)

	The Linux Kernel Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Linux is a clone of the operating system Unix, written from scratch by Linus Torvalds with assistance from a loosely-knit team of hackers across the Net.
		Linux is easily portable to most general-purpose 32- or 64-bit architectures as long as they have a paged memory management unit (PMMU) and a port of the GNU C compiler (gcc) (part of
		The Linux kernel, as well as several other pieces of software, are maintained using the git source code control system.
	kernel.org (1201 words)

	Openwall Project: Information Security software for open environments
		Linux 2.4.30-ow3 is out, adding a fix to the ELF core dump vulnerability discovered by Paul Starzetz and more.
		Linux 2.2.25-ow2 is out and includes workarounds and fixes for several Linux kernel vulnerabilities.
		Linux 2.2.20-ow2 fixes an x86-specific vulnerability in the Linux kernel discovered by Stephan Springl where local users could abuse a binary compatibility interface (lcall) to kill processes not belonging to them (including system processes).
	www.openwall.com (2508 words)

	FSF - GNU General Public License
		By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.
		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
		If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License.
	www.fsf.org /licensing/licenses/gpl.html (2648 words)

	The GNU Prolog web site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		GNU Prolog accepts Prolog+constraint programs and produces native binaries (like gcc does from a C source).
		The key feature of the GNU Prolog solver is the use of a single (low-level) primitive to define all (high-level) FD constraints.
		GNU Prolog is based on the same idea but extends the power of primitive to make it possible more complex constraint definitions.
	gnu-prolog.inria.fr (1064 words)

	FrontPage - DOOM III GNU/Linux FAQ
		Some individuals and distributions are repackaging id software releases for Linux into their own installers.
		Localization is untested in the Linux builds at this point.
		The Linux paks were not included in the Win32 1.1 release.
	zerowing.idsoftware.com /linux/doom (1145 words)

	Debian -- PowerPC Port
		Linux for the PowerPC was first released at the 2.2.x version of the kernel.
		PowerPC support in the Linux kernel is now developed as part of the `main' Linux kernel at kernel.org.
		The Debian PowerPC port began in 1997 at the German Linux Congress in Würzburg.
	www.nl.debian.org /ports/powerpc (718 words)

	Linux Gazette \| Making Linux just a little more fun!
		I have one Conexant chipset modem(Linux people calling it as windows modem).But,I am unable to find suitable drivers for that modem for free.I got Linuxant free drivers but they are giving only 14kbps speed.
		I am relatively new to Linux and am trying to recompile my kernel with support for reading my NTFS file system.
		Linux Gazette is a trademark of Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc.
	www.linuxgazette.com (548 words)

	Boten GNU/Linux - Free 32-bit Operating System
		It's especially made for those new to Linux, though aimed to please all users, experts and newbies alike.
		Boten GNU/Linux is mostly intended for the home users (from all over the world) who speaks hebrew and are more comfortable with writing hebrew and using computer software supported by the hebrew language.
		Boten Linux is freely distributed under the terms of the GPL we support Open source and Free Software
	www.mpthrill.com /peanut (263 words)

	Componentized Linux Home - Progeny Componentized Linux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This site was created to facilitate greater collaboration and communication among the growing Componentized Linux developer community, as well as to provide a centralized resource for users and developers of Componentized Linux-based distributions.
		Componentized Linux is accompanied by the Platform Development Kit (PDK), a full suite of tools—best described as "version control for distributions"—for building and maintaining custom distributions using Componentized Linux.
		The combination is a platform for building custom distributions that provides developers with a set of reusable building blocks, called components, that can be easily assembled into a wide variety of configurations and customized as necessary.
	componentizedlinux.org (193 words)

	Richard Stallman's Personal Page
		GNU is free software: everyone is free to copy it and redistribute it, as well as to make changes either large or small.
		GNU Compiler Collection, a portable optimizing compiler which was designed to support diverse architectures and multiple languages.
		GNU symbolic debugger (gdb), GNU Emacs, and various other programs for the GNU operating system.
	www.stallman.org (3561 words)

	How a Corrupted USB Drive Was Saved by GNU/Linux \| Linux Journal
		Using a typical Linux distro--in this case SuSE 8.0--however, it wasn't hard to recover almost all of the data from the drive along with the filenames and to burn a CD-ROM of the contents.
		The big questions was "can Linux read the drive?" A Web search of "linux usb jumpdrive pro" gave me hope that my kernel, 2.4.18 on SuSE 8.0, would recognize the drive in question.
		I burn and read CDs all the time on Linux, but I rarely burn CDs to be read by Windows.
	www.linuxjournal.com /article/8366 (3955 words)

	NewsForge: The Online Newspaper for Linux and Open Source
		When I first heard of MitraX, I thought it was just a Linux distribution with an assortment of network tools, and that working with MitraX would come down to typing endless commands at the console.
		The GNU Bayonne project, a telephony server that is used for a wide range of voice and telco applications, is one of the stealthy ones.
		A major update to the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), widely regarded as the leading free software raster image editing program, is scheduled for this month.
	www.newsforge.com (2238 words)

	Welcome to Linux International!
		Linux International is a non-profit association of groups, corporations and others that work towards the promotion of growth of the Linux operating system and the Linux community.
		Linux users will be asked to submit their entries for a Linux Anthem and vote on the contest finalists.
		NEW YORK (January 31, 2001) Linux International (LI), the largest vendor association in the Linux industry, introduced the members of its new board of directors during the LinuxWorld Expo held at the Javits Convention Center.
	www.li.org (341 words)

	Debian -- Documentation
		Some of the most popular Linux documents and manuals are Linux Installation and Getting Started, Linux Users' Guide, Network Administrators' Guide, System Administrator's Guide, and others.
		Linux documentation is coordinated through the efforts of the Linux Documentation Project (LDP).
		You can find the full set of LDP manuals at their web pages, along with a lot of other documentation, both in electronic and printed form.
	www.us.debian.org /doc (546 words)

	Linux Terminal Server Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		LTSP is an add-on package for Linux that allows you to connect lots of low-powered thin client terminals to a Linux server.
		The yearly Linux & Open Source event held by IDG Romania at the World Trade Center in Bucharest hosted a presentation of the Linux Terminal Server Project.
		Linux World is invading the San Francisco area the week of August 2nd.
	www.ltsp.org (1964 words)

	Linux.org.uk: Index
		The EU patent directive may be dead but the next scheme from our beloved friends in the EU lurks in the "Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights (2004/48EC)".
		Given the murky confused mess that the EU patent system is in, due to the total failure to regulate the EPO, this would be an even worse recipe for holding small companies to ransom than just software patents.
		While Michael Dell is seeing little demand for Linux on the desktop Birmingham Council are seeing things differently and have launched a 1500 PC pilot using Linux, Firefox and OpenOffice to look at cost savings and effectiveness of Linux systems.
	www.linux.org.uk (498 words)

	GNU/Linux :: GNU/Linux
		Linux, copyrighted by Linus Torvalds is the free kernel.
		GNU project was started by Richard Stallman, without whose software I doubt whether Linux kernel would've been possible at all.
		Missing piece in Enterprise Linux Very good article about what is missing in Linux for Enterprise.
	www.vsbabu.org /gnu (639 words)

	GIMP - The GNU Image Manipulation Program
		The book starts with the basic steps such as installation and configuration for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X and moves on to more complex topics including layers, color correction and finally scripting.
		This is a bug-fix release in the stable 2.2 series that fixes a couple of problems.
		The source code can be retrieved from ftp.gimp.org and its mirrors, binary packages should become available over the next days.
	www.gimp.org (740 words)

	FSF/UNESCO Free Software Directory
		We catalog useful free software that runs under free operating systems — particularly the GNU operating system and its GNU/Linux variants.
		GNU Classpath - [GPL with exception] - 2005-10-05
		Permission is granted to copy, distribute, and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover Texts.
	directory.fsf.org (370 words)

	DistroWatch.com: Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD.
		The first release candidate of the upcoming Damn Small Linux 2.0, with many major changes, is ready for download and testing.
		B2D Linux is a Taiwan-made live and installation CD based on KNOPPIX with full support for the traditional Chinese character set.
		The developers of the PHLAK project are working on a new USB pen drive edition of their Linux distribution.
	www.distrowatch.com (1182 words)

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