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Topic: GNU operating system

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GNU GPL

GNU Hurd

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	Overview of the GNU System - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun to say (or Sing).
		The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of proprietary software.
		However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
	www.gnu.org /gnu/gnu-history.html (712 words)

	GNU - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The GNU system, combined with a third-party kernel called Linux, is one of the most widely used operating systems in the world known as "GNU/Linux".
		The GNU project was announced publicly on September 27, 1983, on the net.unix-wizards [1] and net.usoft newsgroups.
		The "GNU" in GNU Hurd indicates that it is a part of the GNU project, while "GNU/Hurd" distinguishes it as one of the two currently available GNU systems--that is, Linux-based GNU systems (or "GNU/Linux") as opposed to Hurd-based GNU systems (or "GNU/Hurd").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GNU (1813 words)

	GNU/Linux naming controversy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		GNU was to be a complete Unix-like operating system composed entirely of free software.
		The ordinary understanding of "operating system" includes both the kernel — the specific subsystem that directly interfaces with the hardware — and the "userland" software that is employed by the user and by application software to control the computer.
		Moreover, both the name "GNU" and the name "Linux" are intentionally related to the name "Unix", and Unix has always conceptually included the C library and userland tools as well as the kernel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy (2188 words)

	GNU Hurd operating system: first user program run using L4 microkernel - Wikinews
		A collaboratively-developed operating system kernel known as GNU Hurd has been made bootable using the L4 microkernel, which provides room for significant speed improvements over an existing implementation using the Mach microkernel.
		The GNU Hurd forms the base of the GNU operating system, much of which has been widely adopted by users of other Unix-like operating systems, including Linux.
		According to the GNU Hurd project, "The Hurd should, and probably will, be ported to other hardware architectures or other microkernels in the future" [5].
	en.wikinews.org /wiki/GNU_Hurd_operating_system:_first_user_program_run_using_L4_microkernel (745 words)

	The GNU Operating system - the GNU project - Free Software Foundation - Free as in Freedom - GNU/Linux
		The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete Unix-like operating system which is free software: the GNU system.
		Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the kernel called Linux, are now widely used; though these systems are often referred to as “Linux”, they are more accurately called GNU/Linux systems.
		GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix”; it is pronounced guh-noo, approximately like canoe.
	www.gnu.org (695 words)

	The GNU Operating System
		The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete UNIX style operating system which is
		(GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not UNIX”; it is pronounced “guh-noo.”) Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the kernel Linux, are now widely used; though these systems are often referred to as “Linux”, they are more accurately called
		The FSF is hiring for a Senior GNU/Linux Systems Administrator and Programmer position.
	gnu.mirrors.ilisys.com.au (408 words)

	Production version of GNU operating system in the offing - Computerworld
		A production version of the free GNU operating system is likely to be available by year's end, said the president of Boston-based Free Software Foundation Inc. (FSF) in an interview.
		Although Linux is a kernel and works in the context of the GNU system, Linux came to be called an operating system.
		Under the GNU General Public License, the software source code is available to users who are free to modify it to suit their needs and distribute the modified software free or at a price.
	www.computerworld.com /printthis/2002/0,4814,69030,00.html (605 words)

	The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement
		The AI Lab used a time-sharing operating system called ITS (the Incompatible Timesharing System) that the Lab's staff hackers[1] had designed and written in assembler language for the Digital PDP-10, one of the large computers of the era.
		The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy.
		The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU software, programs that were developed by other people and projects for their own purposes, but which we can use because they are free software.
	www.eroj.org /linux/movement.htm (7270 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Richard Stallman is the founder of the Gnu Project, launched in 1984 to develop the free operating system GNU (an acronym for "GNU's Not Unix"), and thereby give computer users the freedom that most of them have lost.
		GNU is free software: everyone is free to copy it and redistribute it, as well as to make changes either large or small.
		Today, Linux-based variants of the GNU system, based on the kernel Linux developed by Linus Torvalds, are in widespread use.
	oea.cs.utexas.edu /articles/index2003/stallman.html (373 words)

	GNU
		In 1989 he codified the terms under which this free software was released, producing the GNU Public License (GPL) which is the basis on which much of the GNU/Linux operating system is released.
		By combining the GNU operating system with the Linux kernel the seeds for this most popular free operating system were sown.
		The GNU text file processing commands include cat (to concatenate files together), head (to preview the top few lines of a file), sort (to sort the contents of a file), and wc (to count the number of lines, words, and bytes in a file).
	www.togaware.com /linux/survivor/GNU.html (722 words)

	Re: [OT] Quick question
		>>>>> >>>>>Hurd was/is supposed to be the kernel of the GNU operating system.
		Your wording effectively defines the GNU operating system as having the Hurd kernel (pay special attention to the emphasised "the"s).
		In one case, it is OK to replace the kernel and have a variant of the same OS, in the other case it isn't.
	www.talkaboutprogramming.com /group/comp.lang.c/messages/697773.html (514 words)

	computer history operating system - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		After three decades of use, the UNIX* computer operating system from Bell Labs is still regarded as one of the most powerful, versatile, and flexible operating systems (OS) in the computer world.
		The operating system is responsible for switching between the jobs...
		Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free operating system, then you can't...
	www.imu.st /fo/computer-history-operating-system (599 words)

	Hands-on Guide to the Debian GNU Operating System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Partly because it was not a proprietary operating system owned by any one of the leading computer companies and partly because it is written in a standard language and embraced many popular ideas, Unix became the first open or standard operating system that could be improved or enhanced by anyone.
		GNU developers have re-written all the necessary Unix system tools and utilities, released them as Free Software (under the GNU GPL licence), and they only needed a kernel to accomplish the initial goal.
		At the core of an operating system is the kernel.
	debguide.sarovar.org /en (10734 words)

	FSF - The Free Software Foundation
		We are committed to furthering the development of the GNU Operating System and enabling volunteers to easily contribute to that work.
		The commencement of the GNU project in 1984, with its goal to give users freedom, required the establishment of new distribution terms that would prevent the project being turned into proprietary software.
		Today the GNU GPL is the most widely used Free Software license, and as its author, the FSF works to help the wider community use and comprehend it.
	www.fsf.org (586 words)

	Debian -- The Universal Operating System
		Debian is a free operating system (OS) for your computer.
		An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that make your computer run.
		Debian uses the Linux kernel (the core of an operating system), but most of the basic OS tools come from the GNU project; hence the name GNU/Linux.
	www.debian.org (323 words)

	The GNU/Fiwix Operating System - OSNews.com
		The objective of the GNU/Fiwix project is to design and to implement a UNIX based architecture kernel exclusively for educational purposes, while keeping the kernel as simple as possible for the students' benefit.
		The advantage of having a complete UNIX-like operating system, with detailed documentation of each line of source code, with good availability of its development team, could be a great benefit for schools, as well as for the computer science faculty, at least here in my country.
		First, the certainty that the source code of all the system will be available for everybody and simultaneously will be protected under the GPL license.
	www.osnews.com /story.php?news_id=4839 (932 words)

	The Linux Home Page at Linux Online
		Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world.
		Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.
		Click on the link below to find out more about the operating system that is causing a revolution in the world of computers.
	www.linux.org (275 words)

	Go all the way with GNU/Linux operating system - Free Software for Busy People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Honeynet Project's (www.honeynet.org) researchers regularly test operating systems for their ability to withstand attacks from the internet.
		The machines were currently running Windows as the operating system, MySQL as the database and PHP as the programming language.
		She particularly favoured TrueTip pen tops (www.truetip.com) because one end is a pen tip for writing on paper and the other is a plastic tip that worked on her tablet PC.
	freedomsoftware.info /content/view/32/45 (3112 words)

	WPI Computer Science - The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Richard M. Stallman will speak about the goals and philosophy of the Free Software Movement, and the status and history the GNU operating system, which in combination with the kernel Linux is now used by tens of millions of users world-wide.
		GNU is free software: everyone has the freedom to copy it and redistribute it, as well as to make changes either large or small.
		The GNU/Linux system, basically the GNU operating system with Linux added, is used on tens of millions of computers today.
	www.cs.wpi.edu /News/Colloquium/20056/stallman.html (189 words)

	The GNU Operating System - (Softwaremirror)
		The GNU Project was launched in 1984 to develop a complete UNIX like operating system which is free software: the GNU system, (GNU is a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not UNIX”; it is pronounced “guh-noo,” “noo” being like the American “new”).
		Variants of the GNU operating system, which use the kernel Linux, are now widely used; though these systems are often referred to as “Linux”, they are more accurately called GNU/Linux systems.
		The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is the principal organizational sponsor of the GNU Project.
	www.xmlcity.org /softwaremirror/gnu/home.html (448 words)

	GNU Hurd
		Unix-like operating systems providing people generally more satisfying solutions to their Unix needs.
		represented systems where all of the system was accessible by the user.
		A translator could be used to present a filesystem-like view of another part of the system, with some change of semantics.
	cbbrowne.com /info/hurd.html (891 words)

	jimbones.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Gnu Snowboards, handbuilt in the U.S.A. by snowboarders.
		Snowboarders at Gnu are still carefully handbuilding high performance snowboards in the northwest corner of the state of Washington, just as they have everyday for the past 27 years.
		Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system (18k characters) every day, without realizing it...
	www.jimbones.com /index.php?q=gnu (786 words)

	The Many Faces of Linux - Page 2 - MozillaQuest Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		(GNU programs are contributions to the GNU operating system.) And the GNU/Linux system is pretty much the same as the GNU system--only the kernel is different.
		For example the Linux-based GNU operating system would be called more or less what Richard Stallman and the FSF people have been saying all along, the Linux-based, GNU operating system.
		That seems to mean that GNU should be part of the name when one refers to an item that includes or is built on top of the Linux kernel and the GNU operating system based upon the Linux kernel.
	www.mozillaquest.com /Linux05/Many-Linux-Faces-01_Story02.html (2488 words)

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