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Topic: GPI anchor

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	Membrane topology influences N-glycosylation of the prion protein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		GPI was present in both the medium and cell lysate samples (Figure 2A), this construct did not bind to the streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase antibody (Figure 3, lane 8), indicating that the protein was not retained on the cell surface following secretion.
		GPI in the medium was not affected by treatment of the cells with tunicamycin (Figure 8B).
		This construct was anchored at the surface of the SH-SY5Y cells in a highly glycosylated form, consistent with previous studies in which the GPI anchor was replaced with a transmembrane anchor (Taraboulos et al., 1995; Kaneko et al., 1997).
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v20/n4/full/7593576a.html (7339 words)

	PIG-S and PIG-T, essential for GPI anchor attachment to proteins, form a complex with GAA1 and GPI8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		GPI anchoring is essential for the expression of those proteins on the cell surface.
		GPI is synthesized by sequential additions of sugars and ethanolamine phosphates to phosphatidylinositol in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Udenfriend and Kodukula, 1995; Kinoshita and Inoue, 2000).
		Moreover, the GPI anchoring was restored by adding the high pH extract of trypanosomal membranes or recombinant GPI8 protein of the related protozoa, Leishmania mexicana, to the washed membranes (Sharma et al., 2000).
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v20/n15/full/7593906a.html (6910 words)

	Enhanced Responses of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor-Deficient T Lymphocytes -- Hazenbos et al. 173 (6): 3810 -- ...
		the GPI anchor is absent on leukocyte subpopulations
		Deficiency of the GPI anchor caused by a somatic mutation of the PIG-A gene in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobulinuria.
		The GPI anchor of cell-surface proteins is synthesized on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/173/6/3810 (3633 words)

	[No title]
		1 ANCHORED IN THE MEMBRANE, WITH THE C-TERMINAL PROTUDING IN THE PERIPLASM.
		3 ANCHORS THE PHYCOBILISOME PERPENDICULARLY TO THE STROMAL SURFACE OF THE THYLAKOID MEMBRANE.
		ANCHORED TO THE ER AND/OR THE GOLGI MEMBRANES.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~biokb/CC6-sprot37.dat (9966 words)

	Earlham College Senior Seminar 2003 - Trypanosomes
		GPI anchors in the bloodstream form of T. brucei are unusual because the fatty acids in their lipid moiety are both myristate, added in the final stages of GPI biosynthesis in a remodeling reaction and are also present with out protein on the cell surface (Morita, 2000).
		After being translocation across the ER membrane, the GPI is attached by replacing the GPI-attachment signal peptide that is mediated by a transamidase that consists of at least 2 ER membrane proteins that form a complex that is required for the generation of a carbonyl-intermediate between the transamidase and a precursor protein.
		Developmental Variation of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Membrane Anchors in Trypanosoma brucei: in vitro biosynthesis of intermediates in the construction of the GPI anchor of the major procyclic surface glycoprotein.
	www.earlham.edu /~harrico/Trypanosite.htm (1695 words)

	GPI anchor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A GPI anchor (phosphatidyl-inositol glycan) is a common modification of the C-terminus of membrane-attached proteins.
		It is composed of a hydrophobic phosphatidyl inositol group linked through a carbohydrate containing linker (glucosamine and mannose linked to phosphoryl ethanolamine residue) to the C-terminal amino acid of a mature protein.
		The two fatty acids within the hydrophobic phosphatidyl-inositol group anchor the protein to the membrane.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GPI_anchor (229 words)

	Untitled
		We have assumed that the Man-Man-Man (ethanolamine-phosphate)-glucosamine-inositol core is the same as that observed in the well-characterized Thy-1 GPI anchor [31] and that the position of the exposed sugar, cleaved by exoglycosidases, is analogous to that observed in the scrapie prion protein PrpSc [41].
		Mass analysis of the GPI anchor on the C-terminal peptide of CD59U yielded a main signal of Mr 2817.4, which is close to a theoretical protonated mass, Mr 2818.0, of structures C and C¥ in Figure 11.
		Similarities in the GPI anchors of Thy-1 [31], human erythrocyte acetylcholine esterase [42], placental alkaline phosphatase [43] and CD59 [32] suggest a consensus structure for mammalian GPI anchors, which with slight modifications extends to that of single cell eukaryotes and protozoal parasites [44,45].
	www.cyber-dyne.com /~tom/GPi_story.html (7264 words)

	GPI Proteins
		The final step in the pathway that provides for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of cell-surface proteins occurs in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum and consists of a transamidation reaction in which fully assembled GPI anchor donors are substituted for specific COOH-terminal signal peptide sequences contained in nascent polypeptides.
		The GPI anchor is composed of a core structure of phosphatidylinositol attached to a glycan chain which, in turn, is attached to the C-terminus of the protein.
		GPI anchors may have roles in protein targeting, cell signalling and in the uptake of small molecules (potocytosis).
	www.cyber-dyne.com /~tom/gpi.html (3435 words)

	GPI anchor -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is composed of a hydrorophobic phosphatidyl inositol group linked through a carbohydrate containing linker (glucosamine and mannose linked to phosphoryl ethanolamine residue) to the C-terminal amino acid of a mature protein.
		The two fatty acids within the hydrophobic inositol group anchor the protein to the (A pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects organs or cells of animals) membrane.
		Defects of GPI anchors occur in the (additional info and facts about rare disease) rare disease (additional info and facts about paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria) paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gp/gpi_anchor2.htm (242 words)

	Effect of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor-dependent and -independent Prion Protein Association with Model Raft ...
		GPI anchor-deficient PrP-sen binds to SCRLs in the absence of detergent.
		PrP-sen is incubated with SCRLs in the absence of detergent (Fig.
		by the GPI anchor inhibits conversion of membrane-bound PrP-sen
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/17/14883 (6916 words)

	Research topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Longer answer: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane proteins are integral membrane glycoproteins at the cell surface which are attached to the plasma membrane not by a transmembrane peptide segment, but by a glycosylated inositolphospholipid linked to the protein's C-terminus.
		A GPI anchor deficiency of bone marrow stem cells causes a human disease termed paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and GPI anchoring is essential for several unicellular organisms, e.g.
		Mutants in dolicholphosphomannose synthase are unable to make GPI anchors and dolicholphosphomannose has been shown to be the precursor for the addition of all three mannoses of the core by biochemical labeling studies.
	www.unifr.ch /biochem/CONZELMANN/ACO_topics.html (1149 words)

	GPI Membrane Anchors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Since 1986, when we were the first to show that a mammalian peptidase was anchored in the membrane through a covalently attached glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) moiety, we have been involved in the further structural determination and functional characterization of GPI anchors on mammalian proteins.
		Although a GPI anchor can be considered primarily as an alternative to a hydrophobic transmembrane polypeptide anchor (Figure 4), several other functions have been proposed for GPI anchors.
		A GPI anchor may also allow a protein to associate in cholesterol and glycosphingolipid-rich lipid rafts, to be more laterally mobile in the bilayer and to be selectively released from the cell-surface by the action of phospholipases.
	www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk /staff/nmh/project3.html (296 words)

	PIG-S and PIG-T, essential for GPI anchor attachment to proteins, form a complex with GAA1 and GPI8 -- Ohishi et al. 20 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Furukawa,Y., Tsukamoto,K. and Ikezawa,H. (1997) Mutational analysis of the C-terminal signal peptide of bovine liver 5'-nucleotidase for GPI anchoring: a study on the significance of the hydrophilic spacer region.
		Leidich,S.D., Kostova,Z., Latek,R.R., Costello,L.C., Drapp,D.A., Gray,W., Fassler,J.S. and Orlean,P. (1995) Temperature-sensitive yeast GPI anchoring mutants gpi2 and gpi3 are defective in the synthesis of N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphatidylinositol: cloning of the GPI2 gene.
		Vidugiriene,J. and Menon,A.K. (1995) Soluble constituents of the ER lumen are required for GPI anchoring of a model protein.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/20/15/4088 (5917 words)

	GPI anchor transamidase of Trypanosoma brucei: in vitro assay of the recombinant protein and VSG anchor exchange -- ...
		GPI anchor transamidase of Trypanosoma brucei: in vitro assay of the recombinant protein and VSG anchor exchange -- Kang et al.
		GPI anchor transamidase of Trypanosoma brucei: in vitro assay of the recombinant protein and VSG anchor exchange
		or assemble in the absence of the GPI anchor.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/115/12/2529 (6680 words)

	The Specificity for the Differentiation Blocking Activity of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Resides in its ...
		Conversely, removing the CEA GPI anchor and replacing it with the TM and cytoplasmic sequences of the short-tail C1–1S isoform abrogates CEA's differentiation-blocking activity.
		GPI membrane anchors of CEA (fl) and NCAM 125 (white) are shown as circles; the six membrane proximal extracellular amino acid residues of CEA that are present in C1–C and N–C are depicted above the construct schematics.
		the GPI membrane anchors of CEA and NCAM.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/150/3/613 (7649 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Posttranslational modification by the GPI glycolipid anchor is essential for the surface expression of many membrane proteins.
		Defect of GPI biosynthesis due to somatic mutation in the hematopoietic stem cell is the basis for an acquired genetic disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
		The cDNA of another GPI synthesis gene PIGF was previously cloned, but it is not involved in pathogenesis of PNH.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=443888 (312 words)

	Membrane topology influences N-glycosylation of the prion protein -- Walmsley et al. 20 (4): 703 -- The EMBO Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		anchored, the relative hydrophobicity of the proteins was assessed
		GPI, PrP-DA or PrP-NTM were incubated for 16 h in the absence or presence of PNGase F. The PrP constructs in the digests were detected with antibody 3F4.
		GPI were incubated for 3 h with OptiMEM in the presence of brefeldin A (BFA), at 15°C or in the presence of nocodazole.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/20/4/703 (6354 words)

	PIGK - phosphatidylinositol glycan, class K
		This result suggests that Gpi8p is a catalytic component that cleaves the GPI attachment signal peptide.
		GPI anchoring units are attached to proteins via a transamidase reaction mediated by a GPI transamidase complex.
		The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) signal sequence of human placental alkaline phosphatase is not recognized by human Gpi8p in the context of the yeast GPI anchoring machinery.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/95173.html (167 words)

	UpToDate Pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Absence of the GPI anchor
		UpToDate Pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Absence of the GPI anchor
		Pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: Absence of the GPI anchor
		This topic review will discuss the role of absence of the GPI anchor in PNH, beginning with a brief discussion of the biochemistry and genetics of this protein [8,9].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=red_cell/7755 (459 words)

	[Physiology and Cellular Biophysics Faculty]Martin G. Low, Ph.D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Various additional functions for the GPI anchor have been proposed in the last few years: e.g.
		However the full range of functions exerted by GPI molecules remains to be determined.
		In one project we are studying the biosynthesis and functional consequences of a common structural modification to the GPI anchor - inositol acylation.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /dept/physio/physio2/low1.html (326 words)

	The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Translocon Can Differentiate between Hydrophobic Sequences Allowing Signals for ...
		whether a protein is to be anchored to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol
		(GPI) anchor is characterized by a carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic
		GPI anchor addition, and glycosylation of different variants
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/278/51/51749 (429 words)

	Molecular dynamics simulation of human prion protein including both N-linked oligosaccharides and the GPI anchor -- ...
		Schematic representation of the oligosaccharide models for the N-linked glycan (NGlyc) and the GPI anchor (GPI).
		Analysis of the MD simulations of the GPI anchor model attached to a membrane with choline (cho-GPI) or ethanolamine (eap-GPI) as membrane-head groups (A) Overlaid structures of the GPI model in all its different conformational clusters shown in stick model form, with the membrane shown in CPK representation.
		Ferguson,M.A. (1992) Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol membrane anchors: the tale of a tail.
	glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/10/959 (7304 words)

	ipedia.com: Lipid anchored protein Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In lipid anchored proteins, a covalently attached fatty acid such as palmitate or myristate serves to anchor them to the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane.
		It is believed that the fatty acid chain inserts and assumes a place in the bilayer structure of the membrane alongside the similar fatty-acid tails of the surrounding lipid molecules.
		Other anchors include the GPI anchor (see there).
	www.ipedia.com /lipid_anchored_protein.html (180 words)

	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Lipid Anchoring of Plant Proteins. Sensitive Prediction from Sequence- and Genome-Wide ...
		The scheme illustrates the two signals that are necessary for GPI lipid anchoring: the N-terminal ER export signal and the C-terminal transamidase recognition signal.
		With scores in the "I" and "N" zones, sequences are not predicted to have the C-terminal GPI lipid anchor motif.
		Ferguson MA (1999) The structure, biosynthesis and functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and the contributions of trypanosome research.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/133/4/1691 (6529 words)

	Glycosyl Phosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins in Chemosensory Signaling: Antisense Manipulation of Paramecium ...
		molecular mass that are also GPI anchored (4, 31).
		primaurelia GPI anchor, and presumably of the P.
		GPI anchored proteins in Paramecium tetraurelia: possible role in chemoresponse.
	ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/2/6/1211 (5907 words)

	Different Roles of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol in Various Hematopoietic Cells as Revealed by a Mouse Model of ...
		FACS analysis of fetal liver cells mosaic for the expression of GPI.
		Takeda J, Miyata T, Kawagoe K, Iida Y, Endo Y, Fujita T, Takahashi M, Kitani T, Kinoshita T: Deficiency of the GPI anchor caused by a somatic mutation of the PIG-A gene in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
		Takahashi M, Inoue N, Ohishi K, Maeda Y, Nakamura N, Endo Y, Fujita T, Takeda J, Kinoshita T: PIG-B, a membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum with a large lumenal domain, is involved in transferring the third mannose of the GPI anchor.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/94/9/2963 (4971 words)

	ToxoDB : The Toxoplasma Genome Resource - New queries for BLASTP keywords and GPI anchor predictions have been installed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		New queries for BLASTP keywords and GPI anchor predictions have been installed
		The query results of this query, however, will be stored in the query history.
		The GPI query allows to search for gene models that possess a predicted GPI anchor.
	toxodb.org /News/Item-3.0-BLASTPGPI-Mf.shtml (251 words)

	Glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored Protein Deficiency as a Marker of Mutator Phenotypes in Cancer -- Chen et al. 61 ...
		Percent lysis is shown as a function of the percentage of GPI
		Sevlever D., Chen R., Medof M. Synthesis of the GPI anchor Young N. Moss J. eds.
		Takeda J., Miyata T., Kawagoe K., Iida Y., Endo Y., Fujita T., Takahashi M., Kitani T., Kinoshita T. Deficiency of the GPI anchor caused by a somatic mutation of the PIGA gene in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/61/2/654 (3338 words)

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