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	Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point - Biocrawler
		The effort to define GSSPs is conducted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, a part of the International Union of Geological Sciences.
		Once a GSSP boundary has been agreed upon, a "golden spike" is driven into the geologic section to mark the precise boundary for future geologists (though in practice the "spike" need neither be golden or an actual spike).
		The first stratigraphic boundary was defined in 1977 by identifying the Silurian-Devonian boundary with a bronze plaque at a locality called Klonk, northeast of the village of Suchomastyin in the Czech Republic.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point (462 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, abbreviated GSSP, is an internationally agreed upon stratigraphic section which serves as the reference section for a particular boundary on the geologic time scale.
		The effort to define GSSPs is conducted by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, a part of the International Union of Geological Sciences.
		The first stratigraphic boundary was defined in 1977 by identifying the Silurian-Devonian boundary with a bronze plaque at a locality called Klonk, northeast of the village of Suchomastyin in the Czech Republic.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point (435 words)

	Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hence GSSPs are usually described in terms of transitions between different faunal stages, though far more faunal stages have been described than GSSPs.
		The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary GSSP at Fortune Head, Newfoundland is a typical GSSP.
		Once a GSSP boundary has been agreed upon, a "golden spike" is driven into the geologic section to mark the precise boundary for future geologists (though in practice the "spike" need neither be golden or an actual spike).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/GSSP (472 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > GSSP
		GSSPs are internationally agreed to reference stratigraphic sections representing the boundaries for paleontologic faunal stages.
		The effort to define GSSPs is conducted by the Commission of Stratigraphy of the International Union of Geological Sciences[?].
		The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary GSSP at Fortune Head[?], Newfoundland is a typical GSSP.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/gs/GSSP (288 words)

	physics - GSSP
		Since faunal stages do not cross geologic period boundaries, a subset of GSSPs define the boundaries of Geologic Periods and Epochs used on the geologic timescale.
		The first stratigraphic boundary was defined in 1977 by a boundary stratotype or 'golden spike' (actually a bronze plaque) identifying the Silurian-Devonian boundary, at a locality called Klonk, northeast of the village of Suchomastyin in the Czech Republic.
		Once a GSSP boundary has been agreed upon, a literal golden spike is driven into the geologic section to mark the boundary for future geologists.
	www.physicsdaily.com /physics/GSSP (381 words)

	GSSP - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation GSSP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Since faunal stages do not cross geologic period boundaries, a subset of GSSPs define the boundaries of Geologic Periods and Epochs used on the geologic timescale.
		The first stratigraphic boundary was defined in 1977 by a boundary stratotype or 'golden spike' (actually a bronze plaque) identifying the Silurian-Devonian boundary, at a locality called Klonk, northeast of the village of Suchomastyin in the Czech Republic.
		Once a GSSP boundary has been agreed upon, a literal golden spike is driven into the geologic section to mark the boundary for future geologists.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/GSSP.html (260 words)

	GSSP
		GSSPs are internationally agreed to reference stratigraphic sections representing the boundaries for paleontologic faunal stages.
		Since faunal stages do not cross geologic period boundaries, a subset of GSSPs define the boundaries of Geologic Periods and Epochss.
		The effort to define GSSPs is conducted by the Commission of Stratigraphy of the International Union of Geological Sciences.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/gs/gssp.html (294 words)

	IngentaConnect History, philosophy, and application of the Global Stratotype Sec... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Early opposition to the GSSP concept centered around the desire for a traditional biochronologic time scale defined conceptually in terms of palaeobiological events, but such time scales are inherently unstable and thus unsuitable for the use of all geoscientists.
		The GSSP concept is also generally incompatible with the desire for 'natural' geochronologic boundaries.
		GSSPs have been defined mainly on the basis of biostratigraphic guiding criteria, but magnetic polarity reversals and chemostratigraphic and cyclostratigraphic horizons are now playing an important role.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/tandf/slet/2004/00000037/00000002/art00007 (346 words)

	GSSP
		GSSPs are internationally agreed toreference stratigraphic sections representing the boundaries for paleontologic faunal stages.
		The Precambrian - Cambrian boundary GSSP at Fortune Head, Newfoundland is a typical GSSP.
		Trichophycus pedum is less than ideal as a marker fossil as it is not found in every Cambrian sequence, and it is notassured that it is found at the same level in every exposure.
	www.therfcc.org /gssp-89134.html (263 words)

	GSA Penrose Conference Report - Chronostratigraphy: Beyond the GSSP
		There is no GSSP for the base of the Cretaceous as yet, and the Berriasian Stage may have to be abandoned.
		She pointed to significant conceptual ambiguities in the GSSP approach, illustrated by the complex architecture of the Cenozoic stratigraphic record with its extended gaps and the resulting potential for miscorrelation based on event stratigraphy.
		He questioned the validity of the GSSP concept and suggested that unit-stratotypes be reconsidered.
	www.geosociety.org /penrose/06pcrpt1.htm (1683 words)

	[No title]
		The GSSP document also provides a time- and resource-saving baseline for internal or external audit.
		GSSPs provide a baseline which is useful for addressing liability issues.
		GSSPs, however, do not provide the "right answer" that fits all organizations and situations.
	csrc.nist.gov /publications/nistbul/csl96-10.txt (2620 words)

	Primary Talent Pool (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Gifted/Talented Student Services Plan (GSSP) outlines the goals for a formally identified gifted students in grades 4-12 and communicates to parents the services being provided to the g/t student at the school.
		GSSPs must be in place for all formally identified g/t students in grades 4 - 12.
		The most recent copy of the parental response form, all copies of GSSPs, all copies of monitoring reports, and documentation used to identify students should be maintained in the student's g/t cumulative folder insert.
	www.fayette.k12.ky.us /sa/gifted/faq.htm?altView=print (1570 words)

	International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy (ISPS)
		The GSSP for the base of the Danian was defined in the El Kef Section (Tunisia) and ratified by the IUGS in 1991.
		The GSSP of the base of the Selandian will be close to the P2/P3a or P3a/P3b boundaries; the GSSP for the Thanetian will be at the base of magnetochrons C26n.
		The GSSP is located at the base of the Carbon Isotope Excursion which has been selected as the criterion for the recognition of the Paleocene/Eocene boundary in 2002.
	wzar.unizar.es /isps/wgr.htm (790 words)

	Newsletter9 Status of Neogene chronostrat. June 2002
		GSSPs for the upper four stages (Messinian, Zanclean, Piacenzian and Gelasian) are all defined in open marine and cyclically-bedded sediments in the Mediterranean region, which - together with their bioevents and identified polarity reversals- have been tuned to astronomical target curves.
		Suitable marine sequences in the Mediterranean region that may serve as GSSP sections for the base Langhian and Burdigalian have not yet been identified by the WG on Langhian and Burdigalian GSSPs.
		An obvious drawback of defining (certain) GSSPs in sediment cores is that the amount of material that can be sampled and analyzed is limited but the advantage is that these GSSPs are tied to an unprecedented astronomically calibrated sequence with optimum correlation potential.
	www.geo.uu.nl /sns/Newsletters/Newsletter9/SNS-Report-Urbino2002.htm (859 words)

	GSSP \| Latin \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		I Global boundary Stratigraphic Section and Point (abbreviati in GSSP) sono località mondiali in cui siano registrate il maggior numero di informazioni fisiche, chimiche e paleontologiche su un limite tra due ere geologiche e dove tale limite sia fisicamente presente.
		Le località che vengono definite GSSP sono il punto di riferimento mondiale e devono essere prese in considerazione in qualsiasi caso si renda necessario valutare se una determinata roccia appartiene a un determinato intervallo geologico.
		La stratigrafia è la disciplina che si occupa di correlare i GSSP alle varie unità litologiche presenti nel mondo.
	www.babylon.com /definition/GSSP/Latin (241 words)

	ORDOVICIAN
		The Fågelsång GSSP was the subject of a ballot by the Subcommission held in September-October 2001.
		This GSSP also serves as the lower boundary of the yet-to-be-named lower stage of the Upper Ordovician Series and the upper boundary of the Darriwilian Stage.
		Subsequently, the Diabasbrottet GSSP, approved last year by the Subcommission, and the Fågelsång GSSP were approved by the International Commission on Stratigraphy by 87% majority votes and then ratified by the IUGS Executive.
	seis.natsci.csulb.edu /ISOS/OrdovicianNews2002/3-ON2002ChairReportC.htm (1632 words)

	Micropaleontology Press
		As the definition of GSSPs for the Phanerozoic record is nearing completion, new complementary steps should be undertaken to strengthen the GSSP concept.
		ABSTRACT: Concerned with the ordination, correlation and age determination of the rock record and the events entombed therein, stratigraphy is the central discipline in geohistory and biohistory.
		The base of the Ladinian (Middle Triassic) GSSP is a case in which not the regionally most easily correlatable ammonoid datum was selected.
	micropress.org /micropen/index.php?action=toc&journal=S&issue_id=37 (3238 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
		These factors have lead some geologists to suggest that this GSSP is in need of re-assigning.
		Once a GSSP boundary has been agreed upon, a "golden spike" is driven into the geologic section to mark the precise boundary for future geologists (though in practice the "spike" need neither be golden nor an actual spike).
		Because defining a GSSP depends on finding well-preserved geologic sections and identifying key events, this task becomes more difficult as one goes farther back in time.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Global_Boundary_Stratotype_Section_and_Point (515 words)

	Santonian Working Group - ICS
		Two formal GSSP proposals (Hauterivian, Barremian) are being prepared for candidates in France (Le Charce) and Spain (in Betic Cordillera), respectively.
		Turonian: The GSSP at Pueblo, Colorado, USA was accepted by ICS and ratified by IUGS in 2003.
		Campanian: The proposal GSSP at Waxahachie, Texas, USA, has had extensive biostratigraphic investigations, but there is still an uncertainty to be resolved over ownership of the land.
	www.ugr.es /~mlamolda/swg/ics.html (1215 words)

	CSULB Geological Sciences: Research - Chronostratigraphy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		And because they were generally defined on the basis of type sections or type areas, their boundaries were rarely defined with precision, resulting in greatly different interpretations of their extent between geologists, continents, and regions, and in substantial gaps or overlap between many successive units.
		I participated in developing GSSP proposals for some of the new stages and their GSSPs, but my primary contribution was leading an international teams of Ordovician stratigraphers who completed most of the work, studying candidate stratotype sections worldwide.
		The last GSSP to complete the Ordovician System, the base of the Middle Ordovician Series and the Dapingian Stage, was recently approved by the Ordovician Subcommission and ICS and ratified by IUGS.
	www.cnsm.csulb.edu /departments/geology/research/chronostratigraphy.shtml (763 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Part I and II of the SDS publication on World-wide correlation with Devonian GSSPs will be published in a Courier volume of the Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg near the turn of the year 1999/2000.
		In part I the formerly established seven Devonian GSSPs and the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary GSSP are reviewed, updated and discussed.
		Moreover, it should be stressed that SDS together with the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy are the only two subcommissions that completed their primary task: the definition of all stage boundaries.
	sds.uta.edu /Newsletter16/bultynck.htm (442 words)

	[No title]
		This CSL Bulletin explains some of the needs which GSSPs can solve and presents a set of generally accepted system security principles developed by NIST.=20 Needs If you are concerned about these issues, you should consider the application of GSSPs to solve different problems: Support for electronic interchange.
		GSSPs promote awareness of security issues and facilitate communications among organizations or interest groups.=20 While not defining specific security practices, security principles define a common beginning point for inter- organizational discussions about security.
		GSSPs, however, do not provide the =FEright answer=FE that fits all organizations and situations.
	www.itl.nist.gov /lab/bulletns/archives/bul1096 (2543 words)

	Scientist helps to define geological time – Københavns Universitet
		GSSP stands for Global Stratotype Section and Point and refers to a specific geographical location, where typically a series of sedimentary layers clearly shows the transition between different systems, series or stages.
		Many other research teams from all over the world had made alternative proposals for GSSPs for this stage, but the IGU decided that the Danish-Chinese team's was the best founded.
		Svend Stouge will be meeting up with his research team again in June and July at the GSSP itself, where they will be attending a large inauguration ceremony to mark the official naming of the GSSP.
	geologi.snm.ku.dk /english/test3/dokument3 (445 words)

	Paleonet: Mesozoic-Cenozoic ...
		Thus personally I was quite happy that the discussion which started with a "big bang" (suggestion to abandon the Quaternary and Tertiary) arrived at a new view about the base of the Quaternary, e.g.
		Environmental changes are one thing, clock adjustments another: The clock-ticks (GSSPs, possibly patterns of paleointensity curves) are one thing.
		The meaning of them is worldwide the same (_that_ time at which at the place of GSSP (name1) species (name2) (definition-terms, such as appeared/disappeared).
	mailman.nhm.ac.uk /pipermail/paleonet/2006-December/000042.html (1649 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Once a spike is set, that rock remains the boundary of a time period, even if estimates of its age change.
		The first GSSP was established in 1972 near the town of Klonk, in what is now the Czech Republic.
		When these time periods were established, it was thought that there would be too few benchmarks to define GSSPs: rocks get rarer as they get older, and there are no large fossils from that long ago.
	www.nature.com /news/2004/040510/pf/429124a_pf.html (1535 words)

	The Ultimate Geologic timescale - American History Information Guide and Reference
		This is largely due to uncertainties in radiometric dating and the problem that deposits suitable for radiometric dating seldom occur exactly at the places in the geologic column where we would most like to have them.
		Dates with an * are radiometrically determined based on internationally agreed to GSSPs.
		The GSSP for the base of the Ediacaran, ratified in 2004, is a climatic/geochemical marker rather than biostratigraphic.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Geologic_timescale (439 words)

	Santonian Working Group - SCS
		The chairpersons have been requested to present an update review of the GSSPs status for their own Subcommission that eventually will be published as an integration of the recently published "A Geological Time Scale 2004" edited by Gradstein, Ogg & Smith (Cambridge Press, December 2004) (see Stan Finney's message).
		The documents you can provide, even as a draft, will be used as a starting point for the discussion at the official meeting of the Subcommision during the Neuchatel Symposium, where we have to make serious plans for the next years to come.
		At the 32nd International Geological Congress in Florence, 20-28 August 2004, there was a session on ‘Cretaceous Stage Boundaries’ at which Peter Rawson reported on the current progress on Lower Cretaceous GSSP proposals and Annie Dhondt reported on the Upper Cretaceous ones.
	www.ugr.es /~mlamolda/swg/scs.html (1334 words)

	GSSPs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		GSSP (La Serre Trench "E", southeastern Montagne Noire, France)
		GSSP (Upper Coumiac Quarry, southeastern Montagne Noire, France)
		GSSP (Col du Puech de la Suque, southeastern Montagne Noire, France)
	sds.uta.edu /gssp_links.htm (71 words)

	THE GUADALUPIAN SERIES: IDEAS TO HIGHLIGHT THE GSSP AND GEOLOGIC CONTEXT OF THE WORLD STANDARD MIDDLE PERMIAN SERIES IN ...
		GSSPs in other countries are treated in a spectrum of ways, from a lack of any official recognition to extravagant museum construction.
		Guadalupe Mountains National Park and adjacent federal lands, including Carlsbad Caverns National Park and Lincoln National Forest, comprise a geologic rarity: rocks that formed in a continuum of ancient environments from the shoreline into deep basin waters--all of the same age--without complication by faulting, excessive burial (and heating), or other geologic events.
		Benchmarks mounted into the GSSPs at the base of the Guadalupian Series (basal Roadian Stage) and the intermediate stage boundaries (Wordian and Capitanian stages) could serve as ultimate destinations for interested hikers, who could then justifiably claim to have been to three foci of world-wide scientific research in Guadalupe Mountains National Park.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2005AM/finalprogram/abstract_96975.htm (471 words)

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