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Topic: Gaafar Nimeiry

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	Gaafar Nimeiry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise known as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ga'far Muhammad an-Numayri; born 1 January 1930) (Arabic: جعفر محمد النميري) was the President of Sudan from 1971 to 1985.
		Nimeiry successfully weathered a coup attempt by Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1970, and in 1971 was briefly removed from power by a Communist coup, before being restored.
		In 1985 Nimeiry authorised the execution of the peaceful political dissident and Islamic reformist Mahmoud Mohamed Taha after Taha--who was first accused of religious sedition in the 1960s when Sudan's President was Ismail al-Azhari-- was declared an apostate by a Sudanese court.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry (824 words)

	Sudan: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Nimeiry was re-elected to a third six-year term in 1983, amid widespread accusations of electoral fraud.
		In the north, Nimeiry was severely criticized by the Muslim Brotherhood and opposition parties for using Islamic law as a tool of repression against dissidents.
		Nimeiry visited the US in search of backing, but was unable to return as Abdul Rahman Suwar al-Dahab, minister of defense and army chief of staff, had seized power in his absence.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=154 (2725 words)

	The Militant - 9/14/98 -- Long History Of Imperialist Attempts To Divide And Rule Sudanese People
		As Nimeiry moved in by the early 1970s to clamp down on the trade unions and working-class parties, his regime won the confidence of Washington and signed a truce with Anyana in 1972.
		Nimeiry threw Sudan further open to exploitation by corporations from the imperialist centers and agreed to large loans from the International Monetary Fund and other imperialist banks that did very little to develop industry and infrastructure.
		Nimeiry's attempt in March 1985 to raise food prices as demanded by the IMF and World Bank sparked a wave of protests that culminated with his ouster in a military coup later that year.
	www.themilitant.com /1998/6232/6232_22.html (1096 words)

	Gaafar Nimeiry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise known as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ga'far Muhammad an-Numayri) (born January 1, 1930) was a Sudanese dictator and political figure.
		After spending several years in exile in Egypt, Nimeiri returned to Sudan in 1999.
		Nimeiry was born in Wad Nubawi, in the city of Omdurman.
	www.casimiro.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/g/ga/gaafar_nimeiry.html (92 words)

	GAAFAR NIMEIRY FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise known as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or '''Ga'far Muhammad an-Numayri'''; born 1 January 1930) was the President of Sudan from 1971 to 1985.
		In 1966 Nimeiry graduated from the United States Army Command College in Fort Leavenworth, Texas.
		Nimeiry succesfully weathered a coup attempt by Sadiq al-Mahdi in 1970, and in 1971 was briefly removed from power by a Communist coup, before being restored.
	www.orientalseason.com /Gaafar_Nimeiry (796 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gaafar Nimeiry
		Gaafar Muhammad an-Nimeiry (otherwise known as Jaafar Nimeiry, Gaafar Nimeiry or Ga'far Muhammad an-Numayri; born 1 January 1930) of the Danagla tribe was a Sudanese military leader and political figure.
		He served as the President of Sudan from 25 May 1969 until he was overthrown by his defence minister on 6 April1985.
		During his reign in 1972, he negotiated the Addis Ababa Agreement with southern rebels, leading to a cessation of the north-south civil war that had raged since 1955.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gaafar_Nimeiry (178 words)

	[No title]
		In an attempt to divide the southern Sudan politically, he split the area into three separate administrative regions, a move that Southerners felt was contrary to the provisions of the 1972 peace agreement.
		In October 1982 Nimeiry concluded an agreement with Egypt establishing a joint Nile Valley parliament and common financial institutions for the two countries.
		In late 1983, regional tensions were further heightened when Nimeiry announced the imposition of strict Islamic law on the entire country as the basis for judgment and punishment.
	www.gateway-africa.com /countries/sudan.html (970 words)

	SUDAN MIRROR - For Truth And Justice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		General Gaafar Mohammed Nimeiry took power in May 1969 in a military coup and signed the Addis Ababa Agreement in 1972, alongside the Anya-nya Led movement of General Joseph Lagu.
		Nimeiri ruled the country from May 1969 to April 1985 and abrogated the Addis agreement he signed with Southern Sudan Liberation Movement/ Anya-nya forces.
		Nimeiri was overthrown by a Transitional Military Council chaired by General Abdel Rahman Sawar el Dahab due to mounting pressures from the war in the South and economic hardship in Khartoum.
	www.sudanmirror.com /archives/vol2-issue10/regionalnews/former.asp (423 words)

	Gaafar Nimeiry: bio and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A degree of self-rule was given to the south and this led to ten years hiatus in the civil war which reignited in 1983.
		After spending several years in exile in Egypt (Egypt: A republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC), Nimeiri returned to Sudan in 1999.
		Nimeiry was born in Wad (Wad: A wad of something chewable as tobacco) Nubawi, in the city of Omdurman (Omdurman: A battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Kitchener defeated the Sudanese).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/gaafar_nimeiry (176 words)

	National Islamic Front - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In 1969 the government was overthrown by General Gaafar al-Nimeiry in a coup d'état, after which the members of the Islamic Charter Front were placed under house arrest or fled the country.
		In 1979, when Nimeiry sought an accommodation with the Muslim Brotherhood, Turabi was invited to become Attorney-General, a position in which he pushed for the strict application of sharia in 1983.
		In 1985, the leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood was charged with sedition, prompting them to carry out a coup against President Nimeiry.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/n/a/t/National_Islamic_Front_e068.html (366 words)

	[No title]
		Gaafar el-Nimeiry, President of the Sudan, has learned the hard way that it is not a good idea to leave the country.
		Shortly after arriving in Egypt following a visit to the United States, Nimeiry discovered he had been thrown out of office in a coup by military leaders.
		When Nimeiry raised the price of bread and gasoline, rioters took to the streets in Khartoum.
	members.lycos.co.uk /nostalgiacentraluk/news/1985/coup.htm (164 words)

	Sudan People's Liberation Army - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a rebel group that wasformed in 1983.
		It has since fought against the governments of Gaafar Nimeiry, Sadiqal-Mahdi and President Omar Hasan Ahmadal-Bashir.
		Its leader, John Garang, a Dinka, holds a doctorate and received military training in theUSA.
	www.free-web-encyclopedia.com /?t=SPLA (279 words)

	Index Ga-Gb
		Gaafar Nimeiry in September 1983 proved the focus of major discontent in the south of the country.
		The Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), the military wing of the SPLM, was welcomed by two of Nimeiry's most hostile neighbours, Libya and Ethiopia, which gave it arms and allowed SPLA bases on their territories.
		When Nimeiry was overthrown in 1985, however, Garang refused to end his fight and join the interim government because of its military involvement.
	www.rulers.org /indexg1.html (8908 words)

	Sudan People's Liberation Army - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) is a rebel group that was formed in 1983 by John Garang de Mabior, Salva Kiir Mayardit, William Nyuon Bany and Kerubino Kuanyin Bol.
		It has since fought against the governments of Gaafar Nimeiry, Sadiq al-Mahdi and President Omar Hasan Ahmad al-Bashir in what is now called the Second Sudanese Civil War.
		Its was led by John Garang, a Dinka, until his death on 30 July, 2005.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/s/p/l/SPLA_f87d.html (359 words)

	The Militant - August 3, 2004 -- Washington threatens Sudan with sanctions
		In 1969 a coup in Sudan by radical nationalist forces, politically inspired by Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, brought to power a government headed by Gaafar al-Nimeiry.
		At first the U.S. rulers were hostile to the new government and backed the Anyana rebels in the south against Khartoum, but as Nimeiry clamped down on trade unions and working-class parties in the 1970s, instituting imperialist-ordered austerity measures, his regime won Washington’s confidence.
		Nimeiry was ousted in a 1985 coup in the wake of popular protests over increases in food prices.
	www.themilitant.com /2004/6828/682805.html (1490 words)

	MSN Encarta - Nimeiry, Gaafar Muhammad al-
		Nimeiry, Gaafar Muhammad al- (1930- ), president of Sudan (1969-1985).
		Born in Omdurman, the son of a Muslim postman, Nimeiry chose an army career and...
		Find more about Nimeiry, Gaafar Muhammad al- from
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578586/Nimeiry_Gaafar_Muhammad_al-.html (71 words)

	The Country & People of Sudan
		In 1955 the animist southerners, fearing that the new nation would be dominated by the Muslim north, began a civil war that lasted 17 years.
		Muhammad Gaafar al-Nimeiry ended the war by granting the south a measure of autonomy.
		Nimeiry was deposed by a military coup in 1986.
	www.hejleh.com /countries/sudan.html (2676 words)

	Middle East Online
		He was notably jailed for 18 months for applauding a communist coup by Hashem al-Ata in 1971.
		The power grab was smashed three days later by former president Gaafar Nimeiry, who jailed artists who had backed his rival.
		The singer, whose withered hands are covered with bandages from kidney dialysis sessions, also said he had received thousands of offers for kidney donations.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english/sudan?id=1615 (672 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It might mean the real end of a 21-year-old war that has left more than 2 million dead -- especially from sicknesses and hunger -- and almost 5 million displaced persons and refugees.
		The armed conflict broke out in 1983, the year in which then President Gaafar Nimeiry established Shariah, Islamic law.
		Forced Islamization of the southern populations began in 1989.
	www.catholic.org /printer_friendly.php?id=12972§ion=Cathcom (547 words)

	SudanTribune article : Sudan’s Beshir: soldier turned Islamist turned peace-maker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He was released in 2003 and rearrested the following year for his alleged involvement in a coup plot supported by rebels from the western region of Darfur.
		Should the parties deliver on their pledge to sign a final peace agreement on January 9 in Nairobi, Kenya, ending the 22-year civil war, Beshir will have more than a thing in common with former president Gaafar Nimeiry.
		They would be two leaders who seized power through the gun barrel, but yet managed to be the only ones to sign comprehensive peace agreements with southern rebels: Nimeiry in 1972 and Beshir in 2005.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=7306 (799 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Gaafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry
		MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Gaafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry
		Elected President of the Sudan in 1971, Gaafar Muhammad al-Nimeiry ended a civil war but failed to improve his country’s economic woes.
		He was ousted from office in 1985 in a military coup.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /media_461528762_761559614_-1_1/Gaafar_Muhammad_al-Nimeiry.html (49 words)

	Print article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Sudanese archbishop has been a promoter of peace in a country lacerated by two decades of civil war, which has left 2 million dead and hundreds of thousands displaced.
		The government and the Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA) have been in conflict since 1983, when then President Gaafar Nimeiry established the Shariah, or Islamic law.
		Forced Islamization of the peoples of the south, the majority of whom are Christians or animists, began in 1989.
	www.catholic.net /global_catholic_news/print.phtml?news_id=44559 (625 words)

	Global Road Warrior (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1958, the first of a series of military coups toppled the Sudanese government and control of the nation has shifted back and forth between civilian and military control ever since; an expensive civil war in the south, where most of Sudan's non-Muslim population resides, fuels this instability.
		In 1972, General Gaafar Nimeiry granted autonomy to the region and ended the fighting, but in 1980, he proclaimed that Sudan was an Islamic state, and the civil war was re-ignited.
		Sadiq al-Mahdi became Sudan's leader in a 1986 militarily sanctioned election.
	www.worldtradepress.com /grwUnigroup/country/sudan/13grw.html (2376 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During the 1970s, the anticolonial left morphed into the radical Islamic right wing.
		Some Nasserite leaders like Libya's Muammar Quaddafi and Sudan's Gaafar al-Nimeiry embraced their own bizarre versions of Islam.
		What was more common was the formation of Islamic political groups that challenged the older generation of Arab leaders while adopting much of their underlying political framework.
	www.prospect.org /print-friendly/print/V13/1/judis-j.html (1764 words)

	Peace Talk - The SPLA: Contras of the Sudan, June, 2000
		As each government was unable to solve Sudan's many problems, the military would take over.
		One such coup, in 1969, brought Gaafar Nimeiry to power.
		In 1972, he recognized special autonomy for the south and ended the civil war.
	www.peaceactionme.org /junesudan.html (929 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Africa's longest civil war
		1983 - President Gaafar al-Nimeiry resumed hostilities after 11 years of calm.
		Army colonel John Garang went underground and set up the SPLA.
		July 30 - Garang killed in helicopter crash.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/08/02/wgarang102.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/08/02/ixnewstop.html (189 words)

	Sudan: A turbulent half-century of independence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		- May 25, 1969: Colonel Gaafar Nimeiry seizes power and sets up a left-leaning government with links to the Soviet bloc.
		The Nimeiry regime is extremely repressive, but it offers administrative autonomy to the south.
		- April 6, 1985: Nimeiry is overthrown by General Sewar al-Dahab, who promises elections, but the war in the south continues
	www.sudan.net /news/posted/12503.html (682 words)

	Bishop feels safe returning to Sudan diocese -- World Peace Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The country has endured a lengthy civil war between the Muslim regime and rebels in the south, a non-Muslim region of Christians and animists.
		The south has resisted since the imposition of Islamic Shariah law in 1983 by then-President Gaafar Nimeiry.
		In 1988, the bishop testified before the U.S. Congress about human rights abuses in Sudan.
	www.wpherald.com /print.php?StoryID=20050722-101038-6796r (529 words)

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