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	Gabriel Bethlen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gabriel Bethlen (de Iktár) (-English, Romanian; Hungarian: Bethlen Gábor, German: Gabriel Bethlen, Slovak: Gabriel Betlen; 1580-1629) was a prince of Transylvania (1613-1629) and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection in the Habsburg Royal Hungary, on the territory of present-day Slovakia.
		Gabriel Bethlen, the most famous representative of the Iktári branch of the ancient Hungarian Bethlen family, was born at Ilia (Hungarian: Marosillye) and educated at Lazarea (Hungarian: Szárhegy) at the castle of his uncle András Lázár.
		Bethlen was placed on the throne by the Otomans in opposition to the wishes of the Austrian Habsburg emperor, who preferred a prince who would incline more toward Vienna than toward Turkish Constantinople.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gabriel_Bethlen (1329 words)

	GABRIEL BETHLEN - LoveToKnow Article on GABRIEL BETHLEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bethlen accepted the title but refused to be crowned, and war was resumed, till the defeat of the Czechs at the battle of the White Hill gave a new turn to affairs.
		Bethlen was obliged to renounce his anti-Turkish projects, which he had hitherto cherished as the great aim and object of his life, and continue in the old beaten paths.
		Gabriel Bethlen was certainly one of the most striking and original personages of his century.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /B/BE/BETHLEN_GABRIEL.htm (721 words)

	Gabriel Bethlen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gabriel (Gabor) Bethlen (1580-1629), prince of Transylvania, the most famous representative of the Iktári branch of avery ancient Hungarian family, was born at Illyê, and educated at Szarhegy, at the castle of his uncle Andrfls Lflzâr.
		Bethlen no sooner felt firmly seated on ‘his throne than he seized the opportunity presented to him by the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War to take up arms in defence of the liberties and the constitution of the extra-Transylvanian Hungarian provinces, with the view of more effectually assuring his own position.
		Bethlen accepted the title but refused to be crowned, and war' was resumed, till the defeat of the Czechss at the battle of the White Mountain gave a new turn to affairs.
	www.theezine.net /g/gabriel-bethlen.html (732 words)

	Knowledge King - Gabriel Bethlen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gabriel (Gabor) Bethlen (Hungarian: Bethlén Gábor, Slovak: Gabriel Betlen) (1580-1629), prince of Transylvania and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection (uprising) in the Kingdom of Hungary on the territory of present-day Slovakia (1619 - 1626).
		This most famous representative of the Iktári branch of the very ancient Hungarian Bethlen family, was born at Illy, and educated at Lazarea (in Transylvania), at the castle of his uncle András Lázár.
		Then, Bethlen’s troops joined with the troops of Czech and Moravian estates (led by J. Thurno) and they failed to conquer Vienna in November – Bethlen was forced to leave Austria because he was attacked by Habsburg troops (George Druget and Polish mercenaries) in eastern Slovakia.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/g/ga/gabriel_bethlen.html (828 words)

	Gábor Bethlen - Wikipedia
		Gábor Bethlen oder Gabriel Bethlen (von Iktar) (ungarisch Bethlen Gábor, slowakisch: Gabriel Betlén) (* um 1580 in Marosillye (heute Ilia, Rumänien); † 15.
		Gábor Bethlen war der Sohn eines ungarischen, in Siebenbürgen begüterten Aristokraten, der sich als hervorragender Reitergeneral in der Armee des Fürsten von Siebenbürgen unentbehrlich gemacht hatte.
		Nachdem Bethlen wieder die gesamte heutige Slowakei erobert hatte, wurde er jedoch vom kaiserlichen General Albrecht von Wallenstein schnell zum Rückzug in die südlichen Gebiete der heutige Mittelslowakei gezwungen.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/G%E1bor_Bethlen (816 words)

	Gabor Bethlen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gabriel (Gabor) Bethlen (Hungarian: Bethlén Gábor, Slovak:Gabriel Betlen) (1580 - 1629), prince of Transylvania and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection (uprising) in theKingdom of Hungary on the territory of present-day Slovakia (1619 - 1626).
		Bethlen no sooner felt firmly seatedon ‘his throne than he seized the opportunity presented to him by the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War to take up arms in defence of the liberties and the constitution of theextra-Transylvanian counties of the Kigdom of Hungary, with the view of moreeffectually assuring his own position.
		Bethlen was obliged to renounce his anti-Turkish projects, which he had hithertocherished as the great aim and object of his life, and continue in the old beaten paths.
	www.therfcc.org /gabor-bethlen-351432.html (856 words)

	Gabriel Bethlen - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Gabriel (Gábor) Bethlen (Hungarian: Bethlen Gábor, Slovak: Gabriel Betlen) (1580-1629) was a prince of Transylvania (1613-1629) and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection in Habsburg Royal Hungary on the territory of present-day Slovakia.
		Gabriel Bethlen, the most famous representative of the Iktári branch of the ancient Hungarian Bethlen family, was born at Ilia (Marosillye) and educated at Lazarea (Szárhegy) at the castle of his uncle András Lázár.
		As a result, the Treaty of Nikolsburg (Czech:Mikulov) was concluded on December 31, 1621, under which Bethlen renounced the royal title on condition that Ferdinand confirmed the 1606 Peace of Vienna (which had granted full liberty of worship to the Protestants) and engaged to summon a general diet within six months).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Gabriel_Bethlen (1335 words)

	Gabriel Bethlen - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		(Gabor) Bethlen (Hungarian: ''Bethlén Gábor'', Slovak: ''Gabriel Betlen'' (1580-1629), prince of Transylvania and leader of an anti-Habsburg insurrection (uprising) in the Kingdom of Hungary on the territory of present-day Slovakia (1619 - 1626).
		Bethlen also supported Bocskay's successor Gabriel_Báthory (1608-1613), but the prince became jealous of Bethlen's superiorabilities, and Bethlen was obliged to take refuge with the Turks.
		Bethlen no sooner felt firmly seated on ‘his throne than he seized the opportunity presented to him by the outbreak of the Thirty_Years'_War to take up arms in defence of the liberties and the constitution of the extra-Transylvanian counties of the Kigdom of Hungary, with the view of more effectually assuring his own position.
	www.indexsuche.com /Gabriel_Bethlen.html (894 words)

	A. E. WALLENSTEIN - LoveToKnow Article on A. E. WALLENSTEIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was not present at the battle of the Weisser Berg, but he did brilliant service as second-in-command of the army which opposed Gabriel Bethlen in Moravia, and recovered his estates which the nationalists had seized.
		Meantime he fought with skill and success against Gabriel Bethlen, and so enhanced his reputation at the dark moment when Vienna was in peril and the emperor's general Buquoy dead on the field of battle.
		At this stage in his life the enigma of his personality is complicated by the fact that he was not only the cold, detached visionary with vast ambitions and dreams, but also the model ruler of his principality.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WA/WALLENSTEIN_A_E_.htm (2046 words)

	Kurze Geschichte Siebenbürgens / 2. Die Herrschaft von Gabriel Bethlen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gabriel Bethlen, der den neuen walachischen Woiwoden empfing und später der bedeutendste Herrscher Siebenbürgens werden sollte, war 1611 bereits einer der führenden Politiker, allerdings noch weit vom Fürstenthron entfernt.
		Logisch wäre gewesen, wenn Bethlen den eigenmächtigen Widerstand mit Gewalt hätte brechen wollen, um mit einem solchen Akt seine Herrschaft endgültig durchzusetzen.
		Vermittels seiner eigenen Regierungsmethode stellte Bethlen seine Macht nicht seinen Untertanen entgegen, sondern entwickelte ein Nebeneinander innerhalb der Machtverhältnisse.
	mek.oszk.hu /02100/02113/html/101.html (4067 words)

	Gabriel Bethlen - Wikipédia
		Bethlen soutient également son successeur Gabriel Batory (1608-1613), mais le prince devient jaloux des capacités supérieures de Bethlen, et oblige celui-ci à chercher refuge chez les Turcs.
		Puis les troupes de Bethlen se joignent aux troupes tchèques, et ils manquent de conquérir Vienne en novembre.
		Gabriel Bethlen fut certainement un des personages les plus saisissants et les plus originaux de son siècle.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gabriel_Bethlen (1172 words)

	Transylvania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gabriel Bethlen, who reigned from 1613 to 1629, perpetually thwarted all efforts of the emperor to oppress or circumvent his subjects, and won reputation abroad by championing the Protestant cause.
		Three times he waged war on the emperor, twice he was proclaimed King of Hungary, and by the Peace of Nikolsburg (December 31, 1621) he obtained for the Protestants a confirmation of the Treaty of Vienna, and for himself seven additional counties in northern Hungary.
		Gabriel Bethlen and George I Rákóczi also did much for education and culture, and their era has justly been called the golden era of Transylvania.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transylvania (4100 words)

	[No title]
		Neither in the correspondence of Bethlen, nor in the writings of Bethlen's chroniclers are there any traces of a plan about the forcible conversion of the Orthodox population to Protestantism.
		Gabriel Bethlen took part in the thirty-years war on the side of the Protestant powers, against the Habsburgs.
		Bethlen strengthened the general European opinion of the age about Transylvania as the country of religious freedom, of the freedom of conscience, where everyone persecuted for his belief could find a refuge.
	www.hungarianhistory.com /lib/pas/pas09.htm (5602 words)

	The Thirty Years War: The Battle of White Mountain and the End of the Bohemian Rebellion
		The siege of Vienna was abruptly lifted on 5 December 1619, as armies of Bethlen Gabor and the Bohemians retreated to Bratislava.
		Bethlen found such a threat to his rear was unsustainable, and he was compelled to retreat.
		Bethlen received two thirds of the Kingdom of Hungary and a promise from Ferdinand that he would cease warring against the Bohemians and Austrians whenever Bethlen should command it.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/White_Mountain_Phase.htm (2528 words)

	Bethlen, Gabriel on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He was chief adviser of Stephen Bocskay and was elected prince after the assassination of Gabriel Báthory.
		A Protestant, though tolerant toward all religions, he allied himself (1619) with the Protestant Frederick the Winter King and overran Hungary, of which he was elected king (1620).
		After Frederick's defeat at the White Mt. (1620), Bethlen signed with Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II the Treaty of Nikolsburg (1621), by which he renounced the royal title but retained control of seven Hungarian counties and received the rank of prince of the empire.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b/bethleng1.asp (207 words)

	Thirty Years' War
		In the East, the Protestant Prince of Transylvania, Gabriel Bethlen, led a spirited campaign into Hungary with the blessings of the Turkish Sultan.
		The catastrophic defeat of the Protestant army at White Mountain and the departure of Gabriel Bethlen meant the pacification of eastern Germany.
		Mansfeld and Gabriel Bethlen, the first officers of the Protestant cause, were dead in the same year.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/t/th/thirty_years__war.html (3125 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gabriel-Bethlen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was a conflict fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally in the central European territory of the Holy Roman Empire, but also involving most of the major continental powers.
		In 1615, Bethlen was also officially recognized by the Austrian emperor Matthias as the Prince of Transylvania and Bethlen promised in secret that he would help the Habsburgs against the Turks.
		Holy Roman Emperor Mathias Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor (1612-1619) was born in Vienna on February 24, 1557 and died in Vienna on March 20, 1619.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gabriel_Bethlen (2417 words)

	The Hungarian Quarterly, VOLUME XLV * No. 176 * Winter 2004
		3 Bethlen's alliance with the Bohemian confederates was not motivated solely by his wish to conquer (as claimed by some Western historians) or his ambitions to gain the crown of Hungary, but also by the religious grievances of the mostly Protestant population of Norhtern Hungary.
		Gabriel Bethlen's fame was at its zenith in England probably in 1625, for in this year we have more than one literary reference to this distant (and according to some, 'inconstant') protector of the Protestant faith.
		20 Bethlen's refusal to accept the Crown of Hungary is explained by the author with his wish to preserve his relative freedom of action vis-ŕ-vis the Sultan; at the same time his dealings with the Emperor are discussed in a carefully balanced tone.
	www.hungarianquarterly.com /no176/8.html (2324 words)

	Histoire de la Transylvanie / 2. La principauté de Gabriel Bethlen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gabriel Bethlen se décida pour ce dernier car c’était ce château qui se trouvait le plus proche du territoire occupé et avait une population imposable moins importante.
		Gabriel Bethlen devait sa réussite en premier lieu à une politique économique moderne pour son époque: celle du mercantilisme.
		Gabriel Bethlen, grâce à des mesures concernant les travaux de la Diète et l’économie, réussit à supprimer pratiquement tout contrôle des Ordres sur le pouvoir princier.
	mek.oszk.hu /02100/02114/html/101.html (4351 words)

	gabriel
		According to Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Gabriel is an angel (or archangel).
		In the Gospel of Luke, Gabriel visits Zacharias and Mary, the mother of Jesus, to announce the imminent birth of their children, one of which would be Jesus.
		According to Islam, Gabriel is the angel who visited Mohammed and gave him the Qur'an.
	www.fact-library.com /gabriel.html (154 words)

	[No title]
		Bethlen is not directly supported by the Turks and loses the support of Protestant nobles (see 1620-August), so that he starts peace negotiations with the Habsburgs in October.
		â” 1626 : Bethlen attacks Slovakia from Transylvania (in August) with the aim of joining the Coalition forces of Ernst Mansfeld in Silesia in their fight against the Habsburgs (the Coalition within the Thirty Years' War consisted of UK, NL and Denmark and was supported by France and German Protestant princes).
		Under the agreement, the peaces of 1621/22 and of 1624 are confirmed, except that Bethlen does not have to pay the ducats anymore and has to promise that he will not cooperate with the Turks.
	www.angelfire.com /sk3/quality/Part_of_Hungary_II.html (14530 words)

	Historical Text Archive: E-Books : Austria-Hungary and Poland,...: 18: Rise of Transylvania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The first and most famous of these rulers was Gabriel Bethlen, who reigned from 1613 to 1629, perpetually thwarted all the efforts of the emperor to oppress or circumvent his Hungarian subjects, and won some reputation abroad by adroitly pretending to champion the Protestant cause.
		Three times he waged war on the emperor, twice he was proclaimed king of Hungary, and by the peace of Nikolsburg (Dec. 31, 1621) he obtained for the Protestants a confirmation of the treaty of Vienna and for himself seven additional counties in northern Hungary besides other substantial advantages.
		Gabriel Bethlen and George Rákóczy I. also did much for education and civilization generally, and their era has justly been called the golden era of Transylvania.
	historicaltextarchive.com /books.php?op=viewbook&bookid=2&cid=18 (1257 words)

	BETHLEN, GABRIEL (GABOR) (1580-1629) - Online Information article about BETHLEN, GABRIEL (GABOR) (1580-1629) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Bethlen also supported Bocskay's successor Gabriel Bathory (1608-1613), but the prince became jealous of Bethlen's See also:
		Bethlen was obliged to renounce his anti-See also:
		Gabriel Bethlen was certainly one of the most striking and See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BER_BLA/BETHLEN_GABRIEL_GABOR_1580_1629.html (928 words)

	BETHLEN, GABRIEL (GABOR) (1580-1629) - Encyclopedia Britannica - BETHLEN, GABRIEL (GABOR) (1580-1629) - JCSM's Study ...
		BETHLEN, GABRIEL (GABOR) (1580-1629), prince of Transylvania, the most famous representative of the Iktari branch of a very ancient Hungarian family, was born at Illye, and educated at Szarhegy, at the castle of his uncle Andras Lazar.
		Bethlen also supported Bocskay's successor Gabriel Bathory (1608-1613), but the prince became jealous of Bethlen's superior abilities, and he was obliged to take
		In 1613 he led a large army against his persecutor, on whose murder by two of his officers that year Bethlen was placed on the throne by the Porte, in opposition to the wishes of the emperor, who preferred a prince who would incline more towards Vienna than towards Constantinople.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/BER_BLA/BETHLEN_GABRIEL_GABOR_1580_162.html (883 words)

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