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	Gabriel Cramer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gabriel Cramer (July 31, 1704 - January 4, 1752) was a Swiss mathematician, born at Geneva.
		He was the son of physician Jean Cramer and Anne Mallet Cramer.
		Gabriel Cramer at the MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gabriel_Cramer (199 words)

	Gabriel Cramer
		Gabriel Cramer certainly moved rapidly through his education in Geneva, and in 1722 while he was still only 18 years old, he was awarded a doctorate having submitted a thesis on the theory of sound.
		In 1734, Calandrini was appointed to the chair of philosophy and Cramer became the sole holder of the Chair of Mathematics.
		Cramer lived a busy life, for in addition to his teaching and correspondence with many mathematicians, he produced articles of considerable interest, although these are not of the importance of the articles written by most of the top mathematicians with whom he corresponded.
	www.stetson.edu /~efriedma/periodictable/html/Cm.html (774 words)

	Cramer, Gabriel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Swiss mathematician who introduced Cramer's rule 1750, a method for the solution of linear equations which revived interest in the use of determinants; Cramer's paradox; and the concept of utility in mathematics.
		Cramer was born and educated in Geneva, where from the age of 20 he was professor of mathematics at the Académie de la Rive.
		Cramer pointed out that the definition of a cubic curve - a single curve - is that it is determined itself by nine points.
	cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/C/Cramer/1.html (154 words)

	Cramer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pieter Cramer (1721 - 1776 or 1779) was a wealthy Dutch wool merchant and entomologist.
		James Cramer, a television host and former investment banker
		Major General Kenneth F. Cramer, chief of National Guard Bureau from September 30, 1947 to September 4, 1950
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cramer (131 words)

	Gabriel Cramer Biography / Biography of Gabriel Cramer 1700 To 1799: Mathematics Biography
		The name Gabriel Cramer is associated with Cramer's rule and Cramer's paradox, as well as with the introduction of the concept of utility to mathematics.
		Yet perhaps Cramer's greatest contributions to learning emerged from his support of other talented contemporaries, specifically in his work as editor of their writings.
		Born in Geneva on July 31, 1704, Cramer was the son of Jean, a physician, and Anne Mallet Cramer.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-gabriel-cramer-scit-04123 (168 words)

	Gabriel Cramer Biography / Biography of Gabriel Cramer World of Mathematics Biography
		Gabriel Cramer labored in the shadow of his more well-known mathematical contemporaries.
		Cramer added to mathematical knowledge in the areas of analysis, determinants, and geometry.
		Cramer was born July 31, 1704, in Geneva, Switzerland, to physician Jean Isaac Cramer and his wife, Anne Mallet.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-gabriel-cramer-wom (225 words)

	Matrices and solutions of systems of simultaneous equations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Which of these three methods is best depends on several factors, including your ability to remember Cramer's rule and/or how to invert a matrix.
		If you have to solve for only one of the variables, Cramer's rule is particularly convenient (if you can remember it).
		The first method, however, is pretty messy, and unless you are adept at inverting matrices, Cramer's rule is probably your best bet.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~osborne/MathTutorial/MAT.HTM (393 words)

	Great Mathematicians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gabriel Cramer (1704 - 1752) was born and educated in Geneva, Switzerland and defended a thesis dealing with sound at the age of eighteen.
		Cramer published his major work, ``Introduction a l'analyse des lignes courbes algebriques'', in 1750.
		Descartes was born in Tours, France and treated mathematics as a hobby while in the army as a young man. His primary contributions to mathematics are in analytical geometry and the theory of vortices.
	www.me.metu.edu.tr /me310/mathematicians/mathematicians.html (5799 words)

	Mail-Jewish Volume 7 Number 54
		He replied: > Cramer's rule (I've never seen it spelled with a K) states that if Ax=b >(where A is a matrix, and x and b are vectors), then x_i = det(A_i)/det(A), >where x_i is the ith component of x, and A_i is A with b substituted for column >i.
		I think it is clear from this that Cramer's rule is in fact the "Kramer's theorem" that appears in the story.
		Since there is some ambiguity about whether it was first discovered by Cramer or Maclaurin, it seems that it was spread around informally for some time before it was published, something that is more plausible in the 18th century than it would be in the mathematical world today.
	www.ottmall.com /mj_ht_arch/v7/mj_v7i54.html (1127 words)

	Cramer's Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Cramer of the rule is Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752), a Swiss mathematician who was a professor of mathematics at Geneva. When Cramer published his rule in 1750 he did not use determinants as they are now shown, and he gave no explanation for how he achieved the result.
		Although Cramer is primarily remembered for the rule of determinants above he also worked in problems related to physics and general geometry and algebraic curves.
		It may be that for problems today, Cramer's rule is no longer a practical tool.
	www.pballew.net /cramer.html (239 words)

	Cramer's rule: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is named after Gabriel Cramer (Gabriel Cramer: gabriel cramer (july 31, 1704 - january 4, 1752) was a swiss mathematician,...
		A good way to use Cramer's Rule on a 2×2 matrix is to use this formula:
		Cramer's Rule is also extremely useful for solving problems in differential geometry.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/cramers_rule (228 words)

	Gabriel Cramer - TheBestLinks.com - Geneva, Isaac Newton, July 31, January 4, ...
		Gabriel Cramer - TheBestLinks.com - Geneva, Isaac Newton, July 31, January 4,...
		Cramer, Gabriel Cramer, Geneva, Isaac Newton, July 31, January 4, Mathematician...
		The work by which he is best known is his treatise on algebraic curves published in 1750; it contains the earliest demonstration that a curve of the n-th degree is determined by
	www.thebestlinks.com /Cramer.html (181 words)

	Maclaurin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He had what is now known as the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, a beautiful formula relating the sum of series to integrals and having many applications to numerical analysis, a year or two before Euler also discovered it.
		His Treatise on algebra published posthumously in 1748 presents what is now known as Cramer's rule, which Maclaurin may have discovered as early as 1729.
		Gabriel Cramer's (1704-1752) treatise Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébraique in which he presented the rule as an appendix only appeared in 1750.
	www.math.fau.edu /schonbek/Modern_Analysis/calcmath12.html (382 words)

	ECE 60A, Related Links on the Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He established experimentally the inverse square law for the force between two charges which became the basis of Poisson's mathematical theory of magnetism.
		Gabriel Cramer Born: 31 July 1704 in Geneva, Switzerland.
		Cramer is best known for his work on determinants (1750) but also made contributions to the study of algebraic curves (1750).
	cwc.ucsd.edu /~cruz/ece.60A/60A.HLinks.html (530 words)

	Euler's Correspondence with Gabriel Cramer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) was a Swiss Mathematicians perhaps best remembered for his work Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébriques published in 1750.
		(Unfortunately, Cramer had not yet seen Euler's Introductio in analysin infinitorum, (published in 1748), though he later said that he would have liked to incorporate Euler's work into his own.
		Cramer and Euler met in Basel in 1727 during a two-year trip in which Cramer met many of the leading mathematicians and scientists of Europe.
	math.dartmouth.edu /~euler/correspondence/correspondents/Cramer.html (123 words)

	devil's curve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This devil's curve is also known as the devil on two sticks.
		Gabriel Cramer (1704 - 1752) was the first to investigate the curve, in 1750.
		Cramer was a Swiss mathematician, he is best known for his work on determinants.
	www.2dcurves.com /quartic/quarticd.html (166 words)

	Cramer Some Learned And Documented Physicists Have Recently Published A Theory Stating That, Whenever A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Some learned and documented physicists have recently published a theory stating that, whenever a rock n' roll band forms, anywhere in the cosmos, an alter-ego band is also necessarily, simultaneously.
		Born: 31 July 1704 in Geneva, Switzerland Gabriel Cramer's father was Jean Isaac Cramer, who was a medical doctor in Geneva, while his.
		This website is maintained by Ronnie Cramer, artist, musician, Colorado resident, Harley-Davidson enthusiast and.
	www.99hosted.com /names7285.html (170 words)

	Cramer's Paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There is a unique quartic passing through any 14 given points, and yet any two quartics intersect in 16 points.
		This apparent contradiction is known as Cramer's paradox, after Gabriel Cramer, although it was first mentioned by Colin MacLaurin.
		A resolution of the paradox was given by Cramer, and later expanded and clarified by Julius Plucker.
	www.mathpages.com /home/kmath207/kmath207.htm (1485 words)

	References for Cramer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		N I Danilova, Problems of Cramer and L'Huilier in the works of Jacob Steiner (Russian), in Questions on the history of mathematical natural science (Kiev, 1979), 125-135.
		P Speziali, Gabriel Cramer (1704-1752) et ses correspondants, Conférences du Palais de la Découverte 59 (Paris, 1959).
		P Speziali, Une correspondance inédite entre Clairaut et Cramer, Rev.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/Printref/Cramer.html (63 words)

	Devils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If your browser can handle JAVA code, click HERE to experiment interactively with this curve and its associated curves.
		The Devil's Curve was studied by G. Cramer in 1750 and Lacroix in 1810.
		He became professor of mathematics at Geneva and wrote on work related to physics; also on geometry and the history of mathematics.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Curves/Devils.html (85 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Buffon was born in 1707, the eldest son of landed gentry in Dijon in the French district of Burgundy and received his early education at a Jesuit school and at the university at Angers.
		His father wished him to study law but gave way to his desire to study mathematics and sciences, and he early came under the influence of the Swiss mathematician, Gabriel Cramer.
		A duel forced him to retire from the university and he embarked on a grand tour of Europe.
	www.physics.uoguelph.ca /summer/scor/articles/scor219.htm (592 words)

	HMCo College Algebra Exercises, Chapter 11: Matrices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Write an essay on the early history of matrices and determinants.
		Include in your essay the contributions of James Sylvester, Arthur Cayley, Gabriel Cramer, and William Rowan Hamilton.
		Also explain why the word "matrix" as chosen and give its etymology.
	college.hmco.com /mathematics/aufmann/collalg/chaptr11.html (195 words)

	About "History of Math Homepage" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A history of math timeline of major mathematical events, spanning back to the earliest indication of a primitive system of tallying (30,000 BC).
		Dates from 1700 AD forward only link to biographies, written by Rivier College students, of Isaac Barrow, Arthur Cayley, Gabriel Cramer, Christian Goldbach, Eudoxus, Grace Hopper, Blaise Pascal, and Pythagoras.
		The Math Forum is a research and educational enterprise of the Drexel School of Education.
	mathforum.org /library/view/8660.html (77 words)

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