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	BULGARIAN GADULKA for Children
		The fourth picture shows, from left to right respectively, a professional gadulka with 11 strings, a children's gadulka as well as a souvenir one.
		Gadulkas of different size, for different ages and preferences of the performers are shown on our other listings.
		Gadulka is used as a solo and accompaniment instrument as well as for playing in big or small homogenous or mixed instrumental groups.
	www.shopbulgaria.com /products/189/bulgarian-gadulka-for-children.html (1208 words)

	Gadulka - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		There are two types of gadulkas; the most common has three or sometimes four main strings, with many lesser strings, and a smaller variant in the Dobruja region has only the three main strings.In most variants the lesser strings are placed underneath the main strings as resonating strings.
		Gadulka strings are steel, either plain in the smaller gauges or wound with steel or bronze in the larger ones; they are basically guitar strings.
		While various tunings are (and have been) used, the standard tuning for the gadulka is A-E-A for the three playing strings; the sympathetics (resonating strings) are tuned chromatically to cover all notes besides A and E (depending on the number of sympathetics).
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Gadulka (514 words)

	The Gadulka
		The gadulka player often uses a belt to hold the instrument, freeing the left hand.
		Left hand technique varies from the violin; the three strings, tuned AEA, are not pressed to a fingerboard, as indeed the gadulka has no fingerboard at all, but are touched by the pads of the fingers, with some use of the back of the fingernail on the highest string.
		Even larger gadulkas were made, such as the enormous bass gadulka, which is almost as big as the player!
	larkinthemorning.com /article.asp?AI=26& (446 words)

	BulCraft - Craft Store Bulgaria
		The Gadulka is probably the most popular and also most ancient folk instrument in Bulgaria.
		Their purpose is to resonate on tones which in the gadulka sound more deafly and not clearly.
		The sonority of gadulka in comparison, with the sonority of violin is more quiet and deafer, but more pleasant.
	bulcraft.com /shop/product_info.php?products_id=229&osCsid=d2689a7ca6e7a7599b51d002347e693e (276 words)

	THE GADULKA - Chordophones
		And inevitably, between the murmuring of the streams and the singing of the birds, we would hear a melodious tune sliding stealthily on the air.
		Although it was a sad tune, it made us glad because it meant that the village was not far off and that the old shepherd was still alive and playing his gadulka sitting on a stump.
		It was one of the gatherings that the villagers often organized to work and entertain themselves.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Instruments/Anglais/lladb_j_txt08a_en.html (251 words)

	Gadulka
		Although loud and resonant the gadulka’s distinctive Slavic voice is warm and soothing.
		Both are made from large single blocks of hardwood that are carved and hollowed into pear like corpus and after that covered with resonant softwood faces.
		Unlike violins gadulkas are played tucked into a shoulder strap or belt and bowed horizontally.
	colanmc.siu.edu /lilia/gadulka.html (121 words)

	Balkanfolk - Balkan folk dances, music and singing
		The next 11th seminar for Balkan folklore Balkanfolk 2008 will take place from 18th till 31st July 2008 in the resort town of Varshets that lies 85 kilometers away from the capital of Bulgaria â“ Sofia.
		The program includes learning some traditional Bulgarian, Greek, and Serbian folklore dances, playing Bulgarian folklore instruments: bagpipe, kaval, gadulka, tambura, tapan, as well as the accordion (for Bulgarian and Serbian folklore music), Bulgarian folklore singing and Bulgarian language.
		Coming from all over the world, the fans of Balkan dances and music have taken part in the annual folklore seminar Balkanfolk for 10 years now.
	www.balkanfolk.com (512 words)

	World Music Central - Gadulka seminar by Georgi Petrov
		Musical Workshop Labyrinth will be offering a Seminar for the music of Bulgaria and the gadulka with Georgi Petrov.
		Georgi Petrov is the foremost representative of the younger generation of gadulka players in Bulgaria and a musician with very wide experience teaching the gadulka and Bulgarian music to people all over the world.
		This seminar will be of interest not only to gadulka and lyra players, but also to musicians who play other instruments and who are interested in deepening their acquaintance with Bulgarian music.
	www.worldmusiccentral.org /article.php/2006060316540074 (352 words)

	FolkFire Reviews v5n6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		He began playing the gadulka, a traditional instrument for his native village of Karavelovo in Thracian Bulgaria, when he was ten years old.
		The gadulka, Nikolai’s instrument, is a traditional Bulgarian fiddle with only 3 melody strings that are bowed and 10 to 12 strings that are sympathetic.
		It is similar in form to the gadulka, with a curved, pear shaped form.
	www.folkfire.org /rev5n6.htm (625 words)

	FAQ server : Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		THE GADULKA The gadulka is a bowed instrument similar to a violin, but only three strings are bowed, while the rest are sympathetic; ie, these strings vibrate on a harmonic, giving a very rich texture, but are not fingered.
		The gadulka held by a sling around the neck, much like a saxaphone, and the fingerboard is up by the players neck.
		Of all the traditional Bulgarian instruments, the gadulka has declined in popularity the most, and is rarely heard, even on folk music recordings.
	www.cs.columbia.edu /~radev/cgi-bin/faqserver.cgi?musicinstrument (443 words)

	MIT FDC: The Bulgari Folk Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The group presents authentic interpretations of Bulgarian folk music, a rich and soulful musical tradition that reflects old world village life and the intermingling of cultures in the Balkan Peninsula through the centuries.
		The members of BULGARI are masters and recognized soloists of their respective instruments--gajda (bagpipe), kaval (flute), gadulka (vertical fiddle), tambura (long-necked lute) and tupan (drum) -- and the amazing vocal techniques that have made Bulgarian music famous worldwide.
		Georgi Andreev on gadulka is outstanding in the selections they did here.
	mit.edu /fdc/www/old/bulgari1999.html (474 words)

	Passion Music mail-order CDs: Szabolcs Szoke - Agenda (HCD326)
		Musician Szabolcs Szoke is in demand as a Gadulka player and has featured on releases by Makam and others.
		The man, I have bought it from, thirty years ago, is Hriszto Ivanov, Bulgarian gadulka player.
		It raises a monument to the memory of a Bulgarian gadulka musician, of our young days, of my wandering in the world, Budapest – Nesebar – Paris – Caracas – Florence – Venice – Bovegno di Magno – imaginary eastern towns, the sounds of solitude and being together.
	www.passiondiscs.co.uk /e_pages/bulgar_e/hcd326.htm (249 words)

	Roza Bancseva / cdRoots
		I was born in 1950 in the village of Mlamolovo in Bulgaria.
		He knew many songs and legends and during the First World War he was sent to the front to strengthen the soldiers’ fighting spirit with his playing.
		Each of these five musicians is a master of his instrument (gadulka, tambura, tupan, bagpipe, and kaval) who has performed on several hundred recordings and has taken the amazing sound of Bulgarian folk music to many continents on concert tours.
	www.cdroots.com /fono-jana.html (750 words)

	Gadulka
		Ein Gadulka ist ein bulgarisches Streichinstrument und, wird in Nordbulgarien, im Stara Planina-Gebirge (Zentralbulgarien) sowie in der Region Thrakien (Südostbulgarien) gespielt.
		Sie hat drei Melodiesaiten (meistens gestimmt in A E A’) und acht bis zehn Bordunsaiten.
		Im Vergleich zu der Violine sind bei der Gadulka die Melodiesaiten sehr weit vom Steg entfernt, so dass ein Herunterdrücken der Saiten auf den Steg unmöglich wird; die Saiten werden also frei gedrückt, was einen eher dumpfen Ton ergibt.
	www.w-w-w.de /Gadulka.html (149 words)

	\| R O D O L J U B I E \|
		A maximum period for make is 7 days.
		GADULKA – string musical instrument with bow mde from acacia, sycamore, mulberry tree, walnut-tree and other wood types.
		There is three main strings and 11 harmonius (this number depends on craftsman).
	rodoljubie.cult.bg /craftsmen-en.html (404 words)

	BG Music Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		The gadulka is a bowed instrument similar to a violin, but only threestrings are bowed, while the rest are sympathetic; ie, these stringsvibrate on a harmonic, giving a very rich texture, but are not fingered.The gadulka held by a sling around the neck, much like a saxaphone, andthe fingerboard is up by the players neck.
		Of all the traditionalBulgarian instruments, the gadulka has declined in popularity the most,and is rarely heard, even on folk music recordings.
		In this century, bands became popular which had one or more of each instrument, say, for instance, a kaval, a gadulka, a gaida, atamburitsa, and a tupan.
	julita.usask.ca /Bulgaria/culture/musins.htm (406 words)

	Gunboards - Bulgarian pics ahead! (also one of the TSAR!) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Themn to tough Bulgarians who astonishingly don't wear traditonal footwear - They have the bayonets on their rifle (what type is it a M 90?)and certainly know how to use it!
		Is the gadulka the stringed instrument or the pipes?
		Gadulka is the stringed instrument, gayda is the bagpipe (bottom right soldier).
	www.gunboards.com /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=90556 (1050 words)

	Reviews of Bulgari's U.S. Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		It's hard to imagine even Heifetz or Hendrix matching the speed and sensitivity of the composer and gadulka (fiddle) player Georgi Andreev's fingers, and the whole ensemble displayed a precision that left jaws agape throughout a well-filled Agate Hall.
		If you are looking for a high quality "bitov" instrument (gaida, gadulka, tambura, kaval), they are selling some very fine ones.
		Their CD is also great although we hoped that "Take 11" (ala Take 5) would be on it.
	www4.ncsu.edu /~calfor/bulgari/reviews.html (404 words)

	IFDA Kolev Concert
		Besides being a vocalist prized for her rich, clear, and melodic voice, she is much sought after as a teacher with her strong leadership and careful attention to technique.
		Nikolay Kolev is an internationally renowned master of the gadulka, which he plays with magical energy.
		His compositions are still a part of the school's curriculum, and in 1994 the Koutev School honored Slavov by adopting a photograph of him, with singer Zhivka Papancheva, as their official school emblem.
	www.siue.edu /folkdance/past/c06.html (885 words)

	Bulgarian Books & Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		BULGARIAN GADULKA Rebec 7 strings by Anton Antonov
		BULGARIAN GADULKA Rebec 9 strings by Anton Antonov
		BULGARIAN GADULKA Rebec instrument 13 strings by Anton Antonov
	bulgariana.com /index.php?cPath=88_86&osCsid=d6a5af4dee00b5 (425 words)

	KlezCalendar: Kolevi Ensemble, Lakewood, OH, Nov 11
		INSIDE World Music and the Beck Center for the Arts continue their 2006-2007 season of World Music events with the KOLEVI ENSEMBLE from Bulgaria live in a concert and dance party in the Beck Center痴 Armory Recital Hall on Saturday, November 11th.
		A Bulgarian national treasure transported to the U.S, the Kolevi Ensemble is led by Bulgarian virtuoso gadulka (folk fiddle) player Nikolai Kolev, and features the stunning singing of Donka Koleva and her daughter Maria.
		The GADULKA is a traditional Bulgarian fiddle with 3 melody strings that are bowed and 10 to 12 sympathetic strings underneath the main strings.
	www.klezmershack.com /calendar/004307.php (1308 words)

	Kolevi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Nikolai Kolev has been playing the fiddle-like gadulka since he was 10.
		As a family, they are "Balkanski Glasove", "Balkan Voices." Their music is uniquely Bulgarian, a blend of eastern and western influences that is both hypnotic and powerful.
		NIKOLAI KOLEV (leader, arranger, gadulka), a native of Karavelovo in Bulgarian Thrace, has been playing gadulka since age 10.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /weiner.larry/Kolevi.htm (324 words)

	Pressroom - Cleveland Ohio - Convention & Visitors Bureau - CVB
		INSIDE World Music and the Beck Center for the Arts, continue their 2006-2007 season of World Music events with the Kolevi Ensemble from Bulgaria live in a concert and dance party in the Beck Centerâs Music Armory Building on Saturday, November 11.
		The gadulka, Nikolaiâs instrument, is a traditional Bulgarian fiddle with 3 melody strings that are bowed and 10 to 12 sympathetic strings underneath the main strings.
		The gadulka is probably the most popular and most ancient folk instrument in Bulgaria today.
	www.travelcleveland.com /media_center/press_releases.php?id=2041&category=3312 (1397 words)

	Gadulka
		The Gadulka is a simply made Bulgarian folk instrument, it is mainly known in Thrace, the Balkans and central Bulgaria.
		The Gadulka instrument has a long head ending with a ‘head’ and a pear-shaped body, the whole instrument is carved from a single piece of wood.
		The wood used to make a Gadulka is normally made of pear, walnut or sycamore.
	www.collegeresearch.us /show_essay/9373.html (133 words)

	Upcoming.org: Bulgarika Balkan Band at WorldBeat Cultural Center (Wednesday, March 7, 2007)
		Donka Koleva (vocals), Nikolay Kolev (gadulka), and Ivan Milev (accordion), all from Bulgaria and now living in New York, will be joined by the rock-solid rhythm section of Bill Lanphier (bass) and Dan Auvil (tupan).
		The 'crooked' rhythms and smoky melodies of Bulgarian music, masterfully played on traditional instruments and wonderfully energized by electric bass, will create a musical experience not to be missed.
		NIKOLAY KOLEV / GADULKA is from the village Karavelovo in the Rose Valley of Bulgaria.
	upcoming.org /event/150761 (419 words)

	staging a world piece - 04/16/2001
		The company prides itself on authenticity, which means that everything is real, from the gadulka played by Bulgarian immigrant Nikola Nikolov, to the elaborate headpieces worn by the women.
		Minnesotans would be hard-pressed to find a truer representation of Balkan culture without flying to the region themselves.
		A live folk orchestra, which accompanies dancers with instruments as diverse as an upright bass, accordion, gadulka and drum, contributes further energy to the group.
	www.mndaily.com /daily/2001/04/16/lens/len1 (1181 words)

	CD Spotlight. Unruffled lifestyle - Music by Roumi Petrova, reviewed by Howard Smith. '... splendid performances from ...
		Poem for Violin and String Quartet (2002), appropriately performed by its dedicatee Yuri Kharenko, is again engaging enough with its low-key opening, a lively section to follow, the soloist's own cadenza, and finally a reprise of both earlier sections.
		The Elegy has the substance and dignity (Bulgarian qualities) I missed elsewhere on this CD and the duo brings the work to its conclusion with a robust degree of fiery abandon.
		While Petrov's five chamber works are clearly influenced by native peasant idioms, they nonetheless lack a wholehearted Eastern sound -- typically found in true folk instrumentation -- notably the kaval, gadulka, kaba gaida (deep pitched bagpipes), clarinet and accordion.
	www.mvdaily.com /articles/2005/10/petrova2.htm (393 words)

	Recording Review: Stian Carstensen / Farmers Market (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Although based in Norway, the band consisting primarily of Norwegians, Stian Carstensen's Farmers Market plays music from or influenced by the music of Bulgaria, characterized by a variety of modes and asymmetrical rhythms, traits shared with some Middle Eastern music.
		The current lineup of Carstensen (keyboards, guitar), Finn Guttormsen (bass), Nils Olav Johansen (guitar), Trifon Trifonov (woodwinds), and Jarle Vespestad (percussion) is augmented by a variety of guests from Bulgaria, including a 5-voice female choir, a tabla player, and an entire bitov orchestra of gadulka, gaida, kaval and tapan, with Carstensen on tambura.
		By the third tune you realize you are not just in Bulgaria anymore: the tune in Graovsko rhythm (4/4 counted 2-1-2-1-2) evolves into a kind of psychedelic Bulgarian/Turkish/South Asian shuffle haunted by gadulka, a bowed lute, and Johansen's guitar.
	www.rootsworld.com /reviews/farmers.html (405 words)

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