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	MAR \| Data \| Chronology for Gagauz in Moldova (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Under Stalin, the traditional Latin alphabet of the Romanian language was replaced with the Cyrillic alphabet in an attempt to foster the perception of Moldavia as a separate nationality from Romanian.
		The Gagauz declare a moratorium on the elections and, in exchange, the Moldovan parliament declares a moratorium on the rejection of the Gagauz request for autonomy.
		In the general Gagauz elections, 25 of the 35 seats to the Gagauz Assembly are filled and two presidential candidates are chosen for a runoff election to be held June 11.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/chronology.asp?groupId=35901 (2829 words)

	World congress on language policies
		The Law on the Functioning of Languages (1989), considered in relation to international legal standards, was tolerable to those unfamiliar with the language of the majority, and encouraged the representatives of the national minorities to learn the official language during a transition period up to 3-7 years.
		Coming back to the Gagauz socio-linguistic model, it should be mentioned that despite the concessions received from the majority, the Gagauz identity remains confused because the majority of them continue to speak Russian instead of their native language.
		Because the Gagauz autonomy leaders declared they were not going to participate in anticipated elections and expressed their disapproval with the central government, the last launched in February another campaign, aiming to demonstrate the incompetence of the Gagauz authorities.
	www.linguapax.org /congres/taller/taller3/article15_ang.html (4625 words)

	Gagauz - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Gagauz, an Orthodox Christian ethnic group that lives mainly in southern Moldova and also has small numbers in Ukraine, Bulgaria, and Romania....
		The official language is Romanian, a Romance language that is often termed Moldovan in Moldova, and is spoken throughout the country by over half the...
		The official language of Turkey is Turkish, an Altaic language spoken by the majority of the population as a first or second language.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Gagauz.html (124 words)

	Gagauz - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gagauz, a people who live mainly in southern Moldova.
		Orthodox Christians, they have always been distinct from the Turks, although their language is...
		- Turkic language: a Turkic language spoken in an area north of the Black Sea, especially in southern Moldova, Ukraine, and Romania.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Gagauz.html (70 words)

	Moldova - Search View - MSN Encarta
		In 1938 the Soviet government mandated that the Cyrillic alphabet (the script of the Russian language) be used for Moldovan instead of the Latin (or Roman) alphabet, in part to bolster its claim that the Moldovan and Romanian languages were separate.
		The Gagauz people in the south declared a separate Gagauz SSR in August, which was followed by a similar declaration in the Trans-Dniester region in September.
		The Gagauz leadership and the Moldovan government quickly reached an agreement under which the Gagauz region was to enjoy broad powers of self-administration.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761566942__1/Moldova.html (5646 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:GAG
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Gagauz might be considered a dialect of Turkish, except for the use of Orthodox Christian religious vocabulary.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=GAG (99 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gagauzia
		Gagauzia (Gagauziya or Gagauz-Yeri in Gagauz, Găgăuzia in Moldovan, and Гагаузия in Russian) is an autonomous region in Moldova.
		The Gagauz people were rooted from the Seljuk Turks that came and settled in Dobruja (Turkish: Dobruca), together with the Pechenegs, Uz (Oghuz) and Kipchak people that followed the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan, İzzeddin Keykavus II (1236-1276).
		A year later, the "Gagauz People" held its first assembly in which a resolution was passed to demand the creation an autonomous territory in southern Moldova, with Comrat designated as its capital.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gagauzia (1296 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Moldova: Legislation
		The Moldavian language as a state language shall be applied in all spheres of political, economic, social and cultural life, and shall function therefore as a language of inter ethnic communication on the territory of the Republic.
		The Russian language as a language of inter ethnic communication in the USSR shall be applied on the territory of the Republic along with the Moldavian language as a language of inter ethnic communication; it ensures the real national-Russian and Russian-national bilingualism.
		The propaganda of animosity, neglect of languages of other nationalities, creation of obstacles for the functioning of the state language and other languages in the territory of the Republic, as well as infringement upon the right of citizens on language grounds shall entail responsibility in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewLegislation.asp?CID=43&LID=83 (2382 words)

	61
		Gagauz was the last Sovietic Turkic language to be Cyrillicized; a Cyrillic -based alphabet was not developed until 1957.
		Gagauz Halki had emerged from an informal cultural club in the southern city of Comrat and held its founding congress in the same month that the umbrella Popular Front was established.
		Language and symbols: Moldovan, Gagauz, and Russian are the region's official languages.
	www.md.pims.org /foraff/61.htm (3487 words)

	Gagauzia (Moldova)
		The flag was confirmed by law on 31 October 1995 by the National Assembly (Chalk Topluschu) of Gagauzia (Gagauz Eri).
		The Gagauz are Christians, and have been settled in the areas even before the Ottomans came to that part of Bessarabia.
		The Gagauz national flag is hoisted beside the Moldavian flag on the roof of the Assembly building, whose pediment is still decorated with the arms of the SSR Moldavia in bronze (colour picture in Vexillacta).
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/md-gagau.html (613 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Uighur literary language flourished in the 9th-14th century, and the Qarakhanid literary language came into existence in the 11th century.
		Its antecedent is the Ottoman Turkish language, which developed from the Old Anatolian Turkish literary language (13th-15th century) of the Seljuq Turks, the first Turkish conquerors of Anatolia (11th century).
		One notable characteristic of the Turkic languages is vowel harmony.
	www.sabawoon.com /afghanpedia/Languages.Turkic.shtm (614 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Home
		Gagauz language belongs to West-Oguz group of the Turkic language family, along with modern Crimean - Tartar, Turkmen, Turkish, Azeri, Uygur, and Uzbek (Baskakov 1962).
		Usage of Gagauz was limited to a family encirclement and mostly to its older generation of speakers.
		Along with other foreign languages, Gagauz was restored in schools in the status of a subject of study in 1986.
	www.ogmios.org /134.htm (3216 words)

	Meeting with the last Gagauz from Baku - CAUCAZ.COM
		Only Gagauz language is left to her that she speaks but neither writes nor reads it.
		Günel confirms that “many Gagauz people were moved in North Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkarie and in Dagestan, as well as in Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.” Some preceded them at the beginning of the 20th century for economical reasons they migrated in Tchimbalatinsk Oblast south Kazakhstan and in Fergana valley Kyrgyzstan.
		Gagauz language, the ultimate recognition of a population with no real political power is celebrated every year with great ceremony.
	www.caucaz.com /home_eng/breve_contenu.php?id=141&PHPSESSID=e8c5a4cf4dd8963ff67db87e4c7a5afb (916 words)

	Moldovan Culture
		The language itself was renamed into 'Moldavian', although it never really changed (it has become more of a dialect over the years).
		That's why Russian language has become de facto the universal business language in Moldova, but in villages mainly Romanian is spoken (although most people in villages still can't use the Latin alphabet and use the one they had learnt in school decades ago - the Russian).
		In the south of the country Russian language is official, because the Gagauz ethnic minority has its own language - the Gagauz, which has its roots in the Turkish language, spoken by the Ottomans who occupied this area some several hundred years ago.
	vitalie.tripod.com /culture.htm (400 words)

	Language in Moldova - observations in streets and houses in the Republic of Moldova
		Having studied several books on the development and importance of languages in the former Soviet republic of Moldova, I expected that people would be eager to eliminate Russian elements from their language and culture and promote their native Moldovan/Romanian language and culture very strongly.
		We were still able to distinguish clearly between the three different degrees of Russianization that were mentioned in my earlier essay on language: Russophone population in the cities, rural population with only basic knowledge of Russian language, and the smallest group, the humanistic intelligentsia with a strong Moldovan national consciousness.
		One CST participant who interviewed a Gagauz-speaking student in Turkish (Gagauz is an ancient Turkish dialect) told us later that it was difficult for him to do the interview, because his interviewee did not know some special terms.
	www.east-west-wg.org /cst/cst-mold/a_dia.html (823 words)

	The Jamestown Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Gagauz are a Turkic-speaking population descended from abranch of Oguz tribes which settled in eastern Bulgaria aroundthe twelfth century and were converted by Byzantium to OrthodoxChristianity.
		Althoughthe latter agreed to the initial Gagauz program of cultural autonomy,the Moldovans were angered when the Gagauz, encouraged by Moscow,proclaimed a Gagauz Republic centered on Komrat in 1989 and in1990 declared their secession from Moldova, thus undercuttingMoldova's own progress toward secession from the USSR.
		Electionsto Gagauz republic bodies were held in 1990 under the protectionof USSR Interior Ministry troops which stopped the ephemeral Moldovanefforts to send Moldovan Popular Front volunteers into the Gagauzregion.
	www.jamestown.org /email-to-friend.php?article_id=329 (2139 words)

	Gagauz language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Gagauz is a Turkic language spoken by about 150,000 people in Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey and Kazakhstan.
		Gagauz was originally written with a version of the Greek alphabet.
		In 1957 the Cyrillic alphabet was adopted in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan, and a version of the Latin alphabet based on the Turkish alphabet is used in Moldova, Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey
	www.omniglot.com /writing/gagauz.htm (228 words)

	The Gagauz, a Christian Turkic people - Turkish Daily News Mar 17, 2006
		In the mid-18th century, Gagauz emigration across the Danube into Russia began and when the Russians withdrew, after having occupied large parts of present-day Bulgaria in their war with the Turks, practically all of the remaining Gagauz population followed along and settled in the areas of present-day Moldova, which now constitutes their center.
		A Cyrillic Gagauz alphabet was construed in 1957.
		The Gagauz, for their part, organized a self-defense force and at the same time “worker brigades” were assembled from Transnistria, the other separatist republic in Moldova, to assist the Gagauz.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=38351 (2720 words)

	RFE/RL iraq Report
		The process by which Gagauz yeri was created is detailed in a paper published by Levente Benko, "Autonomy in Gagauzia: A Precedent for Central and Eastern Europe?" in the current issue of the Internet journal "Bitig." He reviews the history of Moldovan independence, and role played by the Gagauz within it.
		The Gagauz community in southern Moldova is a people of Turkic origin, the ancestors of whom had fled the continuous Balkan wars of the 18th century to Russia.
		Its expressed aim "is to provide for the preservation of Gagauz national identity, the flourishing of the Gagauz language and culture, and to secure political and economic independence for this nationality." The act stresses that within the Gagauz territory all citizens, regardless of ethnicity, are considered to be equal.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/iraq/1999/7-190299.html (2290 words)

	Gagauz Translation Service - English to Gagauz Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		You probably don't speak Gagauz yourself, so there are a few questions you'll need to consider when choosing a translation company.
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Gagauz translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/Gagauz_translation.shtml/?source=germanfreelance (458 words)

	Complex Power-Sharing: documents and background papers
		The Gagauz live in an almost homogenous 3000-km2 block of territory in the southern part of the Republic of Moldova.
		The objective of the Mission was, and remains, to facilitate the achievement of a lasting and comprehensive political settlement to the conflict in Moldova.
		He or she must speak the Gagauz language and automatically becomes a member of the Moldovan parliament.
	www.intstudies.cam.ac.uk /centre/cps/documents_moldova_case.html#gagauz (2967 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Moldova: Background
		The Gagauz elected a new governor (bashkan) and 35 deputies to their popular assembly in free and fair elections in September 1999.
		The Gagauz language became the second state language in the areas with a high proportion of Gagauz population.
		The “degradation” of the Russian language was one of the reasons for the conflict in the Transnistria region,
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=43&TID=2 (1292 words)

	Welcome to the Gagauz Place - Gagauz Yeri!
		The Gagauz language and literature are being converted to the Latin script but there are reported to have been problems.
		The renaissance of Gagauz culture and language is of important status in the new autonomy within moldova.
		GAGAUZ 173,000 in Moldova (1979 Census), 89% speak it as mother tongue, 12,000 in Bulgaria (1982 estimate); 250,000 in all countries (2005).
	www.geocities.com /ai320/gagauzplace.htm (1480 words)

	UNPO
		The Gagauz are of the once numerous Oguzian tribes that settled in the south- western part of Europe in the 11th century.
		The Gagauz are a people of Turkic decent whose ethno-genesis lies with the Oguz, Petchenegs and Cuman tribes that inhabited the plains of Central Asia, north of the Caspian and Aral Sea between 500 BC and 900 AD[2].
		The first Gagauz state was established in the thirteenth century along the Black Sea coast in North East Bulgaria in Dobrogea.
	www.unpo.org /member_profile.php?id=22 (1302 words)

	Autonomy in Gagauzia: A Precedent for Central and Eastern Europe?
		The Gagauz community in Southern Moldova is a people of Turkic origin, the predecessors of whom fled the continuous Russian-Ottoman wars in the Balkans in the 18th century.
		According to the preamble, the aim of the Act is to provide for the preservation of the Gagauz national identity, the flourishing of the Gagauz language and culture, and to secure political and economic independence to this nationality.
		The referendum determining the exact boundaries of the Gagauz Autonomous Territory was held on March 5, 1995 in 36 localities of 5 rayons in Southern Moldova, with a voters' turnout of about 70%.
	www.east-west-wg.org /cst/cst-mold/levente.html (2498 words)

	MINELRES - MOLDOVA FCNM Shadow Report, July 2000
		The official fake of three languages having the status of official languages (Moldovan, Ukranian, Russian) is reduced in practice to the “traditional” use of Russian on the basis of decision of the respective administrative body or the Government.
		In concrete localities the priority to use one of the named language is ditermined upon the decision of republican or local state body or by overall referendum of the citizens of DMR or by decision of a coresponding administrative and territorial entity' (Ñòàòüÿ 3.
		Language of law enforcement in DMR is done in one of the official languages (Moldovan, Russian, Ukranian) or in a language of majority of the people in the locality.
	www.minelres.lv /reports/Moldova_NGO.htm (15919 words)

	Cyprus bicommunal discussion and chat forum : Karaim Turks of Lithuania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Khazars, the Kipchak-Kumans and the Polovts were converted to the new religion in the ninth century, the ulterior political motive perhaps being that they would then constitute a buffer zone between the Russian Orthodox Church advancing from the north and the Muslim expansion from the south and therefore be left in peace.
		This language belongs to the Kipchak group of the Turkic-Altaic family and is closely related to the language of the Crimean Tatars.
		Eighty-two percent said that Karaim was their mother tongue but only 31 percent could speak the language and only 13 percent said they used it in both speech and writing.
	www.talkcyprus.org /forum/post-50207.html (4623 words)

	EveryTongue.com Language Recordings Main page
		Here is the list of languages that you can hear if you order the cassette tape.
		Here is a list of the languages that do not have a recording.
		Here you can listen to a recording in a language you know and then listen to the same recording in a language that you want to learn.
	www.everytongue.com (531 words)

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