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Topic: Gait

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	What is That Horse Doing?
		Gaits are usually defined by their footfall sequence, timing, support sequence, and the shift in the center of gravity of the horse.
		For example: a true trot is defined as a diagonal gait in which right hind and left front hit the ground at the same moment, followed by a moment of suspension when all four hooves are clear of the ground, followed by the simultaneous touch down of the left hind and right front.
		The gait is what the legs, feet and body of the horse determine it to be, the rest of these clues to a gait are mainly frosting on the cake.
	www.mofoxtrot.com /wilson/trotgait.htm (3303 words)

	Gait Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A gait analysis, however, may or may not demonstrate inappropriate activity in the quadriceps during the critical phases of the gait cycle when the knee should be flexing in preparation for and during swing.
		Gait analysis especially fills a void in upper motor neuron pathology, where traditional static evaluation measures are not effective in measuring either muscle strength or spasticity, at least from a functional standpoint.
		Gait analysis is thus potentially quite useful in optimizing, and thereby increasing, the likelihood of demonstrating the general effectiveness of a number of innovative, as well as standard, rehabilitation treatments.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/pmr/gaitblurb.cfm (1248 words)

	Gait
		The novice to gaited horse is often confused by the multitude of different names for gait within the various breeds considered gaited horses.
		Predisposition to gait is genetically inherited, and basically a horse that is strongly gaited has had this strengthened by generations of breeding until the tendency to trot has been replaced by an intermediate gait with a natural four beat rhythm.
		Most gaits are a derivative of the natural equine walk and the motion perceived by the rider causes the human pelvis to move in the same way it does when we walk.
	www.gaitedhorses.net /Gait.html (703 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 21, Gait Disorders
		Gait speed, chair rise time, and the ability to perform tandem stance (one foot in front of the other) are independent predictors of the ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)--eg, the ability to shop, travel, and cook.
		Gait speed, chair rise time, and balance are also predictors of the risk of nursing home admission and death.
		Gait initiation failure due to high-level sensorimotor (frontal lobe or white matter) disorder may progress to other abnormalities, including stiff posture with short steps, retropulsion (falling backward) in stance, weak or poor corrective responses to perturbations of balance when walking, and a highly variable and unstable gait pattern.
	www.merck.com /pubs/mm_geriatrics/sec2/ch21.htm (2310 words)

	Gait Training Information on Healthline
		Gait training is usually done by rehabilitation specialists who evaluate the abnormalities in the person's gait and employ such treatments as strengthening and balance training to improve stability and body perception as these pertain to the patient's environment.
		Gait training is needed to help a specific patient gain proficient and safe ambulation within and outside the home with or without an assistive device.
		The gait cycle consists of two phases, stance and swing, and is measured from heel strike to heel strike (the length of one stride).
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/gait-training (629 words)

	Gait recognition could identify humans at a distance
		Gait recognition technology is a biometric method -- that is, a unique biological or behavioral identification characteristic, such as a fingerprint or a face.
		In the project using radar for gait recognition, results from experiments, data analysis and algorithm design are promising, says Geisheimer, who works under the direction of GTRI principal research scientist Gene Greneker, and collaborates with GTRI research engineer Bill Marshall and Georgia State University Professor of Biomechanics Ben Johnson.
		Gait recognition by radar focuses on the gait cycle formed by the movements of a person's various body parts move over time.
	gtresearchnews.gatech.edu /newsrelease/GAIT.htm (979 words)

	eMedicine - Gait Analysis : Article by Ross Bogey, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Stance is comprised of 5 gait phases (ie, initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, preswing), with the remaining 3 phases occurring during swing.
		Gait velocity typically decreases with all neuromuscular pathology, and the reduction is related to the magnitude of the pathology.
		Although this muscle crosses and extends the knee, its role in gait is to assist in flexion at the hip as swing commences.
	www.emedicine.com /pmr/topic225.htm (4808 words)

	Gait Analysis
		Gait analysis, or motion analysis, is the quantitative laboratory assessment of coordinated muscle function, typically requiring a dedicated facility and staff.
		Gait analysis may be considered medically necessary in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy to select surgical or other therapeutic interventions for gait improvement.
		The authors conclude that many surgeons use gait analysis data as one source of information when planning surgical procedures, but caution that, since this study was a single-center study and included a majority of subjects operated on by the gait laboratory physician, it is not clear to what extent these findings can be generalized.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/medicine/med107.html (1701 words)

	eMedicine - Gait Analysis After Amputation : Article by Walter Ellis, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The common gait deviations of TT and TF prosthetic gait are briefly addressed in terms of the types of amputation and the times at which the deviations occur in the gait cycle.
		If an individual who has undergone a TT amputation is noted to have a foot slap in his or her gait, it may be a result of excessive socket flexion or foot dorsiflexion, the uneven placement of the foot, or a deficient heel height for proper prosthetic alignment.
		Any abnormal limb rotation is observed during the gait trial is usually caused by insufficient suspension of the prosthesis, misplacement of the suspension cuff-retention points, or overshooting (infringement) of the hip or knee flexors to evade foot drop.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic633.htm (4023 words)

	Gait - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A gait is a particular way or manner of moving on foot: walking and running are the two basic human gaits; see also gait analysis and gait (human).
		An animal's gait is a conformation point in animal fancy.
		GAIT stands for GSM-ANSI Interoperability Team, which developed a standard (also known as GAIT) to allow cross-operation of wireless telephone technologies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gait (146 words)

	Adaptive gait responses to plantar heel pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gait adaptations to painful stimuli may indicate another possible avenue, in addition to pressure redistribution, in the assessment of programs aimed at prevention and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
		Identification of characteristic adaptive gait patterns resulting from painful stimuli to the foot in subjects with sensate feet could provide a means of assessing interventions aimed at reducing contact pressures in persons with reduced protective sensation.
		Ascertaining the protective gait responses of individuals with sensate feet and the pain thresholds at which the responses occur may illustrate the value of treatment modalities that not only reduce pressure but also compel the person to alter gait.
	www.vard.org /jour/98/35/3/Levin.htm (2528 words)

	Cell phone could identify its owner by their walk - mech-tech - 14 October 2005 - New Scientist
		The device then periodically checks to see that it is still in the possession of its legitimate owner, by measuring the current stride and comparing it against that stored in its memory.
		Gait analysis is an established "biometric" method for identifying a person.
		Ailisto says, using the simple motion sensing gait method, the prototype phone correctly identified when it was being carried by someone other than its owner 98% of the time.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn8161 (451 words)

	Gait Abnormalities - Children's Hospital Boston
		However, during the early years, there can be some obvious gait abnormalities-any number of disturbances in what is considered the normal walking cycle for that age group-that may become a concern.
		The diagnosis of a gait abnormality is made during a physical examination by your child's physician.
		These are the most common gait disturbances that cause parents to seek advice from their child's doctor.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site932/printerfriendlypageS932P0.html (1051 words)

	Dr. Pribut on Gait
		The gait cycle can be divided into different phases and subphases, so that each action of the foot and leg can be evaluated at specific sequential time periods.
		One of the primary determinants of normal gait is adequate dorsiflexion at the ankle.
		Just before toe-off and the beginning of the swing phase of gait, both the calf muscles and the hip flexors appear to be at the peak of their potential energy and ready for action.
	www.drpribut.com /sports/spgait.html (4402 words)

	Response of sagittal plane gait kinematics to weight-supported treadmill training and functional neuromuscular ...
		The gait events of heel strike and toe-off were identified by the computer operator with the stop-frame feature and frame-by-frame inspection of the stick figure.
		Three limb flexion gait components were chosen as indicators of swing phase limb advancement in the sagittal plane: peak swing hip flexion, peak swing knee flexion, and mid-swing ankle dorsiflexion.
		Normal swing phase hip, knee, and ankle dorsiflexion are critical for gait safety and optimal energy expenditure during walking [2-3,9,75], partially because normal limb flexion contributes to the execution of a gait pattern that optimizes the center of mass (COM) pathway.
	www.rehab.research.va.gov /jour/04/41/6/daly.html (6512 words)

	Gait Disorder Project
		When physicians are confronted with pathological gait they must have sound knowledge of the characteristics of normal gait so that they can accurately detect and interpret deviations from the normal gait pattern.
		It is important that the physician be able to distinguish the 'normal' gait changes that occur with age from the abnormal gait changes that occur in disease.
		The major changes in gait are a reduction in the overall velocity and reduction in the step/stride length.
	sprojects.mmi.mcgill.ca /gait/normal/intro.asp (1583 words)

	Instituto de Automática Industrial
		Technical specification: At this point, the GAIT system is to be fully specified in terms of ergonomic aspects and functional aspects, a PRD document will be available.
		Software for gait evaluation and diagnostic and functional compensation: At this point, the software for centralised gait evaluation and functional compensation should be fully operative.
		The GAIT prototype will be evaluated in the frame of the project by applying usability criteria for rehabilitation technologies.
	www.iai.csic.es /gait (1419 words)

	Gait Trainers
		A gait trainer is a type of walker, which provides considerable postural support for patients who require moderate to maximum support for ambulation.
		Gait trainers come in a variety of sizes to meet the needs of small children up through adults.
		Additional components added to the basic gait trainer, such as thorax, hip, thigh and ankle positioners/stabilizers, may be required for variously disabled patients, such as those with cerebral palsy.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/dme/dme72.html (599 words)

	Parenting and Child Health - Health Topics - Gait
		Gait is the term used to describe the way people walk.
		If there is a sudden change to a child's gait (a limp), it may mean a recent injury.
		Remember there are wide variations in gait (ways of walking) which are still normal.
	www.cyh.com /cyh/parentopics/usr_index0.stm?topic_id=275 (1227 words)

	ACP Observer, November 2005 - How to detect and treat gait disorders
		But pinpointing a specific cause for an abnormal gait may be a challenge because gait disorders tend to have multiple causes.
		Gait disorders can show up as a patient's medical condition gradually worsens or can be the first sign of a new complication.
		Addressing gait disorders involves unraveling the problems that contribute to them and referring patients to specialists, such as orthopedists and neurologists, if needed.
	www.acponline.org /journals/news/nov05/gait.htm (2310 words)

	Gait Abnormalities In Multiple Sclerosis
		The Gait speed and peak torques of Quadriceps and Hamstrings were similar in both groups of patients.
		The Gait analysis procedure was able to provide the clinician with evidence of Motor abnormalities prior to functional disturbance observable by a trained physician.
		Gait speeds (spontaneous and maximal) and peak torques of quadriceps and hamstring were similar in the three groups.
	www.geocities.com /thjuland/gait.html (1254 words)

	Gait - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- abnormality of gait is usually a consequence of pain, weakness, or a difference in the lengths of the limbs;
		Gait patterns in spastic hemiplegia in children and young adults.
		Adult-onset hemiplegia: changes in gait after muscle-balancing procedures to correct the equinus deformity.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/gait (643 words)

	Gait analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gait analysis commonly involves the measurement of the movement of the body in space (kinematics) and the forces involved in producing these movements (kinetics).
		Deviations from normal kinematic, kinetic or EMG patterns are used to diagnose specific conditions and predict the outcome of treatment.
		Gait analysis techniques allow for the assessment and of gait disorders and the effects of crrective Orthopaedic surgery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gait_analysis (1084 words)

	Gaits of Gold, Inc. -gaited horses,gaited horse saddles,gaited horse training,gaited horse bits, and more! - Home
		Spring Training for the Gaited Horse While a horse may seem especially frisky and energetic in the spring, be aware that all that energy doesn't necessarily mean they're in good...
		Gaited Horse Saddle Fit If you were going on a long hike, carrying a heavy backpack, what would you prefer to wear on your feet: wooden shoes, or well-made, flexible soled...
		Locking Stifle Syndrome in the Gaited Horse: Part I A common physical affliction among gaited horses is upward fixation of the patella, otherwise known as locking stifles.The symptoms of this may be so...
	www.gaitsofgold.net (1606 words)

	gait
		Of proud Spanish heritage, with foundation sires from Puerto Rico and Colombia, it is the natural, smooth gait that distinguishes the Paso Fino breed.
		The rapid fire staccato rhythm of the classic fino gait, whether demonstrated bella forma or under saddle, is a thrill.
		Elegant and noble, Paso Finos are born with the ability to gait.
	home.swbell.net /mablum/gait.html (149 words)

	Gait Manual
		Results can be reported in standard gait analysis reports, but we also encourage you to analyze the 3D nature of the data in a virtual world.
		An analysis is one trial or one gait analysis.
		In addition to charting and reporting as a function of time, it is common to display data as a function of identified gait events (either gait cycle or stance phase).
	www.sportsci.com /adi2001/adi/services/support/manuals/gait/default.asp (1541 words)

	Neuroexam.com - Gait
		Test tandem gait by asking the patient to walk a straight line while touching the heel of one foot to the toe of the other with each step.
		To bring out subtle gait abnormalities or asymmetries, it may be appropriate in some cases to ask the patient to walk on their heels, their toes, or the insides or outsides of their feet, to stand or hop on one leg, or to walk up stairs.
		Gait apraxia is a perplexing (and somewhat controversial) abnormality in which the patient is able to carry out all of the movements required for gait normally when lying down, but is unable to walk in the standing position, thought to be associated with frontal disorders or normal pressure hydrocephalus (KCC 5.7).
	www.neuroexam.com /38.html (382 words)

	Walking/gait abnormalities
		Abnormal gait may be caused by disease in many different areas of the body.
		For example, gait abnormalities from trauma to part of the leg will improve as the leg heals.
		For an abnormal gait that occurs with conversion disorder, psychiatric counseling as well as comfort and love from family members is strongly recommended.
	www.pennhealth.com /ency/article/003199.htm (896 words)

	GAIT Awards, Stipends, and Scholarship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This award is GAIT's highest recognition of achievements in the field of instructional technology from the public school sector and is presented to individuals who have made significant contributions throughout their careers.
		GAIT's highest recognition of achievements in higher education at the state or national level in instructional technology honors Juanita Skelton, the first recipient of the award and former head of the Educational Media Department at the University of Georgia.
		This stipend is available to any member of GAIT in active service to the organization to be used for professional growth and development at the annual AECT Leadership Development Conference.
	www.gait-inc.org /assgait.html (589 words)

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