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	Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory, located in Gaithersburg, Maryland is one of the system of six International Latitude Observatories, and (as of 2004) the only National Historic Landmark in the City of Gaithersburg.
		The observatory’s roof was designed to part in the middle on two sets of tracks to expose the reflecting telescope inside to the night sky.
		The GLO was constructed by Edwin Smith, Chief of the Instrument Division of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaithersburg_Latitude_Observatory (316 words)

	Gaithersburg, Maryland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The railroad was brought to Gaithersburg in the 1850s, with the encouragement of the Gaither family.
		In 1899, Gaithersburg was selected as one of six global locations for the construction of an International Latitude Observatory.
		Gaithersburg is served by WMATA Metrobus and Montgomery County Ride-On bus service and two MARC stations on the Brunswick Line, at downtown Gaithersburg and at Metropolitan Grove.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gaithersburg,_Maryland (744 words)

	Geodesy - LoveToKnow 1911
		The method of determining latitude by transits in the prime vertical has the disadvantage of being a somewhat slow process, and of requiring a very precise knowledge of the time, a disadvantage from which the zenith telescope is free.
		The calculated latitudes, longitudes and azimuths, which are designated geodetic latitudes, longitudes and azimuths, are not to be confounded with the observed latitudes, longitudes and azimuths, for these last are subject to somewhat large errors.
		Supposing the latitudes of a number of stations in the triangulation to be observed, practically the mean of these determines the position in latitude of the network, taken as a whole.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Geodesy (9391 words)

	National Register Listings in Maryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Significance: The Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory is significant for its association with the study of polar motion, and for its symbolic value in representing an important and long-lived program of international scientific cooperation.
		Data supplied by the six latitude observatories have been used in hundreds of scientific papers and studies investigating the geophysics of the earth.
		The observatories have enabled geodesists to better understand the size and shape of the earth and astronomers to adjust their observations for the effects of polar motion.
	www.marylandhistoricaltrust.net /nr/NRDetail.asp?HDID=890&FROM=NRMapMO.html (754 words)

	The City of Gaithersburg
		Gaithersburg began in 1765 as a small agricultural settlement known as Log Town.
		In 1899 the Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory was built as part of an international project to measure the earth's wobble on its polar axis.
		The building that now houses Gaithersburg City Hall was once the home of Edward P. Schwartz who, in 1913, established a famous peony garden on land that stretched from the railway station to Hutton Street.
	www.gaithersburgmd.gov /poi?POI_ID=111&TOC=112;111; (526 words)

	National Park Service: Astronomy and Astrophysics (Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory)
		The Gaithersburg Latitude Observatory is situated west of the southern end of DeSellum Avenue and south of James Street on a 2.3 acre tract in the city of Gaithersburg, Maryland.
		However, when the International Geodetic Association allocated funds for the purchase of land in Gaithersburg in 1898, Smith was entrusted with the construction of the Gaithersburg Observatory, which began operating on October 18, 1899.
		The observatory property was conveyed to the city of Gaithersburg in May 1987 by the federal government, with the proviso that it be preserved as a historic monument and used for the benefit of the public.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4i.htm (1308 words)

	Cedar Court Apartments
		Gaithersburg is home to a diverse and active community of over 50,000 residents.
		Gaithersburg, Maryland is named after Benjamin Gaither who built a house in 1802 on the property where the famous Forest Oak tree once grew.
		The Gaithersburg City Hall building was once the home of Edward P. Schwartz who, in 1913, established a famous peony garden on land that stretched from the railway station to Hutton Street.
	www.magrudercos.com /apartments/cedar_apartment/cedar-local.html (854 words)

	[No title]
		These 'astronomical observatories' (as they were called), were permanent or temporary in design, and their purpose was to determine latitude and longitude, also azimuth bearings between points on the earth; to facilitate map production and the setting of boundaries.
		The precise determination of latitude provided by the zenith telescope resulted in an unwelcome discovery, the 'variation of latitude': periodic changes of latitude measured from fixed points on the earth, caused by the wobbling of the earth on its polar axis.
		Astronomical or geographic latitude is measured as the angular distance between the direction of gravity and the plane of the celestial equator.
	home.europa.com /~telscope/califobs.txt (3187 words)

	NOAA Central Library: The Coast and Geodetic Survey Annual Reports 1844-1910: Bibliography: Contents of Appendices ...
		Latitude and longitude of positions on the surface of the earth either determined astronomically or by triangulation.
		On the determination of an azimuth from micrometric observations of a close circumpolar star near elongation by means of a meridian transit, or by means of a theodolite with eyepiece micrometer.
		Determinations of latitude, gravity, and magnetic elements at stations in the Hawaiian Islands, including a result for the mean density of the earth, 1891, 1892.
	www.lib.noaa.gov /edocs/function.html (8245 words)

	Gaithersburg Maryland, History of Gaithersburg, Kentlands Maryland
		Nestled in the heart of Montgomery County in Gaithersburg, Maryland is a beautiful country estate known as Kentlands Mansion.
		Located 11 miles northwest of the Washington, D.C. beltway, in the city of Gaithersburg, Md., the 352-acre neotraditional development seamlessly combines its parts—residential, office, civic, cultural and retail uses—into a working whole that is within walking distance of all residences.
		As Peter Katz wrote in The New Urbanism, "Kentlands is the first application of the traditional neighborhood development principles to a real, year-round, working community." Now, more than 12 years after its inception, the mature Kentlands continues to prove itself as one of the best-conceived, best-executed traditional neighborhood developments in the nation.
	www.thefitzteam.com /olney-gaithersburg-real-estate-about-gaithersburg.htm (610 words)

	Japan 1949 – Mizusawa Latitude Observatory
		The International Latitude Observatory at Mizusawa in northern Japan was founded in 1899 as one of six stations of the International Latitude Service (ILS, the forerunner of the modern International Earth Rotation Service), with Hisashi Kimura as its first director.
		By measuring precise star positions, these observatories tracked slight changes in latitude caused by motion of the Earth’s axis of rotation (polar motion).
		Mizusawa Latitude Observatory served as the Central Bureau of the ILS from 1922 to 1934 and again from 1962 to 1987 (when the ILS became the International Polar Motion Service).
	www.ianridpath.com /stamps/1949ajapan.htm (181 words)

	Family Tree Maker's Genealogy Site: User Home Page Genealogy Report: Descendants of Moses Desellem Deselms
		At the death of Baltus Fulks in 1806 one acre of land was deeded to James Dezelum in the town of Germanburgh or Log Town.
		Originally, a 99-year lease was signed for the Gaithersburg Observatory for the princely sum of $460.61 per year.
		In 1989, the exterior of the observatory was restored using a $15,000 grant from the Maryland Historical Trust.
	familytreemaker.genealogy.com /users/b/a/r/James-H-Barringer/GENE4-0001.html (5016 words)

	Gaithersburg. The Columbia Gazetteer of North America. 2000
		Named for Benjamin Gaither, who settled here in 1802, it became a milling and trade center in 1873 when the Baltimore and Ohio RR came through.
		The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey observatory here in 1889 was one of 5 in the world located at 39°08' latitude, all of which recorded the wobble of the Earth on its axis (which changes the latitudes of the planet with respect to fixed stars).
		The other observatories were in Calif., Japan, Turkistan, and Italy.
	www.bartleby.com /69/69/G00169.html (183 words)

	[No title]
		Professor Hale, at the Yerkes Observatory, has had in operation from time to time, for several years, his ingenious spectroheliograph, which photographs the sun by a single ray of the spectrum.
		In the stars found on the photographs of the sky made at the Harvard and other observatories, and in the stargauges of the Herschels, it is from five to ten times as rich.
		The efforts of all the observatories which engage in such work are, up to the present time, unequal to the task of grappling with the motions of all the stars that can be seen with the instruments, and reaching a decision as to the proper motion in each particular case.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext03/slstr10.txt (22460 words)

	The City of Gaithersburg
		Gaithersburg Youth Center - The schedule for this project was accelerated by one year in order to take advantage of funding opportunities at the state and federal levels.
		Final planning and design of the facility were moved forward to FY 2004, with construction expected to be completed in FY 2005.
		The contract that we will be proposing to HUD includes $160,000 in assistance for the construction of the Gaithersburg Youth Center at Robertson Park.
	www.gaithersburgmd.gov /poi?POI_ID=1021&TOC=107;82;1021; (2383 words)

	108 Forest Avenue
		Astronomer Smith," as he was known in Rockville, built an observatory in the back yard, where he studied the variation of latitude during 1891 and 1892.
		He later established an observatory in Gaithersburg, now a National Scientific Landmark.
		Smith was a proper southern woman from New Orleans who insisted on having a verandah, which she referred to as a gallery.
	www.peerlessrockville.org /peerless_places/peerless_forest_ave_108.htm (325 words)

	Public May Enter 'Uncle Tom's Cabin'
		Three dozen other historic sites, including many that are rarely open to the public, are on the self-guided route of this year's Heritage Days, an annual celebration of the county's history.
		Also on the tour is Montgomery's oldest church, St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church, built as a chapel for the Carroll family in 1774, and Montgomery's only winery, Sugarloaf Mountain Vineyard, which was established on a restored 85-acre farm in Dickerson.
		The cabin in Bethesda is expected to be the weekend's biggest attraction, offering people the chance to be among the first to step inside and walk where Henson walked.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/13/AR2006061301961_pf.html (680 words)

	DeSellum Family Cemetery, Gaithersburg, Montgomery County, Maryland
		Summit Hall Farm, 1 251-acre ridge-top farm in the heart of Gaithersburg was officially named and patented in 1857 by John T. and Sarah DeSellum.
		The historic resources include a two-story part-log housewhich may date back to the colonial Logtown era, an 1860s tennant house, a 19th century family cemetery and granary, and a log smokehouse believed to be the oldest standing structure in Gaithersburg.
		The City of Gaithersburg purchased this 57-acre historic farm in 1982 and established Summit Hall Farm Park which is the crown jewel of the City of Gaithersburg park system.
	www.distantcousin.com /Cemetery/MD/Montgomery/DeSellum (476 words)

	sa11a in fm98
		During the interval 21 UT - 24 UT the F and E-region gates were aligned to sample nearly the same invariant latitude (61 deg invariant).
		Both coherent echo amplitude and echo source location are determined by a combination of magnetic aspect angle sensitivity, off-axis radar beam sensitivity, and the altitude and latitude extent of the E-region perturbation.
		Coherent phase velocity can be measured both in the region of amplitude (receiver) saturation in the main radar beam at E-region heights, and in the side-lobe echoes which appear at greater ranges.
	www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm98&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm98/fm98&maxhits=200&="SA11A" (4036 words)

	Heritage Montgomery \| Schedule of Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The museum features memorabilia, pictures, a restored 1941 Diamond T fire truck and a 1983 Seagrave, on which children can fulfill their fantasy of driving a fire truck.
		Reservations are required for the tea and the cost is $20.00 per person.
		This is a newly restored 1892 Victorian home located in the Walker-Brookes Historic District of Gaithersburg.
	www.heritagemontgomery.org /schedule.html (1487 words)

	Montgomery County Heritage Days
		The City of Gaithersburg will open this unique historic property for tours.
		Bryan Blundell, who restored the Observatory in 1990, will be on hand to give tours and to talk about the building's role in the efforts of scientists to determine the "wobble of the earth"
		This is a newly restored 1892 Victorian home in the Walker-Brookes Historic District of Gaithersburg.
	www.montgomeryhistory.org /heritage.htm (1417 words)

	Archives Service Center - Finding Aids Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Herman Stearns Davis, an astronomer educated at Princeton and Columbia University, worked for Columbia University, the U.S Coast and Geodetic Survey, the International Latitude Observatory, the cities of Pittsburgh and New York, the Gulf Refining Company and the Carnegie Institution during his career.
		In 1900 he became assistant at the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey and went on to serve as director of the International Latitude Observatory in Gaithersburg, MD until 1905.
		Scope Note: Series V is a collection of observations including 11 of Davis' notebooks, 5 of which deal with The New Reduction of Piazzia's Star Observations, as well as one mechanical drawing and a photograph.
	www.library.pitt.edu /guides/archives/finding-aids/ais6423.htm (723 words)

	Educator's Guide to Equatorial Sundials
		complement of the observer's latitude--the angle that when added to the angle of the observer's latitude equals a right angle in measure (90°).
		GPS 12) that displays both the exact time (precise to the nearest second) and location (latitude & longitude) of the sundial.
		For example, at 39°N latitude, the Sun's maximum altitude is 74.5° on June 21st (51 + 23.5); 27.5° on December 21st (51 - 23.5).
	www.wsanford.com /~wsanford/exo/sundials/equatorial_sundials.html (2599 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Corbin, B. "Asaph Hall And The Moons Of Mars, An Exhibition At The U.S. Naval Observatory," Vistas Astron.
		Dick, S. "Pulkovo Observatory And The National Observatory Movement: An Historical Overview," In Inertial Coordinate Systems On The Sky, Proceedings Of IAU Symposium 141 Held In Leningrad, USSR, 17-21 October 1989, J. Lieske and V. Abalakin (Eds.), Dordrecht; Boston: Reidel, 29.
		Hughes, J. A., And Smith, C. (1985), "Status Of The SRS," In The Proceedings Of A Colloquium Held At Aussois, Savoie, (France) From 3 To 7 June 1985 On Scientific Aspects Of The Hipparcos Catalog Preparation, 203.
	www.usno.navy.mil /library/libsource/REPRINTS.HTML (16238 words)

	Groundspeak - Benchmark Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		OWNERSHIP--CITY OF GAITHERSBURG THE STATION MARK IS A STANDARD NGS REFERENCE MARK DISK STAMPED OBSERVATORY 1966 NO 1 1980 SET IN THE TOP OF A SQUARE CONCRETE MONUMENT RECESSED 0.1 M (0.3 FT) IN THE GRASS.
		The horizontal coordinates were established by classical geodetic methods and adjusted by the National Geodetic Survey in November 1994.
		The ellipsoidal height was determined by GPS observations and is referenced to NAD 83.
	www.geocaching.com /mark/details.aspx?PID=JV4124 (440 words)

	NASA/MSFC/GHCC - Results of NASA Recon Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The specific climate changes investigated were: temperature variations between the troposphere and the stratosphere; annual mean warming of surface air at high latitudes; CO2-induced warming of the Arctic Ocean in winter; and the zonal mean reduction of soil moisture values in the Northern Hemisphere.
		The sensitivity of the present model's energy and vapor budgets is similar to that obtained in a general circulation model by Wetherald and Manable (1975).
		For reduced solar constants, the nonlinear temperature decrease that is partly due to the rapid intrusion of snowfall into the middle latitude precipitation belt, and the large reduction of atmospheric latent energy content, together with nearly invariant total atmospheric energy transport, are among the more important consequences of the model presented.
	www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov /ghcc/HydroSearch/recon1.html (10876 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Each time a new molecule is discovered, it helps to constrain the formation chemistry and the nature of interstellar dust grains, which are believed to be the formation sites of most complex interstellar molecules.
		Hollis collaborated with Anthony Remijan, also of NASA Goddard; Frank J. Lovas of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, MD; Harald Mollendal of the University of Oslo, Norway; and Philip R. Jewell of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Green Bank, WV.
		The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Contact: Charles Blue, Public Information Officer Charlottesville, VA Phone: 434-296-0323 E-mail: cblue@nrao.edu Read the original news release at http://www.nrao.edu/pr/2004/GBTMolecules/.
	www.lyon.edu /projects/marsbugs/2004/20040622.txt (15773 words)

	LEDAS: ARNIE-PHP Test (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		With a FOV of approximately 35 degrees, photons associated with a particular observation should be within 35 degrees of this L. The Galactic Latitude (1950) in degrees of the optimum observation direction.
		With a FOV of approximately 35 degrees, photons associated with a particular observation should be within 35 degrees of this B. Observation_ID
		Any questions about or problems with the HEASARC SAS-2 database should be addressed to Paul Barrett at the Gamma Ray Observatory Science Support Center, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center; barrett@piglet.gsfc.nasa.gov, or Brendan Perry at HEASARC, NASA/GSFC; perry@lheavx.gsfc.nasa.gov.
	ledas-www.star.le.ac.uk /arnie5/arnie5-old.php?action=help&catname=sas2raw (1219 words)

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