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Topic: Galactorrhea

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	Galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea is the secretion of breast milk in men, or in women who are not breastfeeding an infant.
		Galactorrhea, or hyperlactation, however, is a rare condition that can occur in both men and women, where a white or grayish fluid is secreted by the nipples of both breasts.
		The primary symptom of galactorrhea is the discharge of milky fluid from both breasts.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/galactorrhea.jsp (1095 words)

	Endotext.com - Endocrinology of Pregnancy, Normal Mammary Development and Disorders of Breast Development and Function
		Galactorrhea is a reflection of an underlying endocrine disorder and is not associated with breast cancer or other mass lesions.
		Galactorrhea has been recognized as an entity for thousands of years, but the first "modern" recognition of the common co-occurrence of galactorrhea and amenorrhea was reported by Chiari in 1855 and Frommel in 1882 103.
		In the mid-20th century it was suggested that galactorrhea was caused by pituitary tumors that secreted prolactin, and in the 1970's when immunoassays for prolactin were developed, the connection between hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea was confirmed 86.
	www.endotext.org /pregnancy/pregnancy5/pregnancy5_2.htm (3595 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Management of Galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea is inappropriate production of milk that is persistent or worrisome to the patient and is caused by many conditions.
		Galactorrhea can also be caused by numerous medications and disease conditions including pituitary adenomas, hypothyroidism, systemic diseases, hypothalamic conditions, neurologic disorders, chest wall irritation, and neoplastic processes.
		Three types of pituitary tumors may be associated with hyperprolactinemic galactorrhea: pure prolactin secreting tumors, mixed tumors which secrete prolactin and growth hormone, and null cell adenomas which interfere with the delivery of the hypothalamic inhibitory factors to the pituitary.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=78 (2445 words)

	American Family Physician: Diagnosis and management of galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea is a discharge of milk or a milk-like secretion from the breast in the absence of parturition or beyond six months' post-partum in a nonbreastfeeding woman.
		Galactorrhea may be caused by prolonged, intensive breast stimulation, such as from suckling, self-manipulation, or stimulation during sexual activity.
		Galactorrhea usually is bilateral, whereas a pathologic discharge usually is unilateral.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_3_70/ai_n6159449 (1239 words)

	Galactorrhea - OhioHealth
		In females, galactorrhea may be associated with excessive breast stimulation, medication side effects or disorders of the hypothalamus or pituitary glands.
		This is called idiopathic galactorrhea, and it may just mean that your breast tissue is particularly sensitive to the milk-producing hormone prolactin in your blood.
		Galactorrhea may be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires treatment.
	www.ohiohealth.com /bodymayo.cfm?id=6&action=detail&ref=2951 (991 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 2005.4: Galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea may be a symptom of a condition that needs further medical treatment, so it is important that you see your health care provider to determine the cause of this problem.
		Galactorrhea is a milklike discharge of fluid from the breast nipples.
		If your galactorrhea is due to a disorder such as thyroid problems or meningitis, your health care provider will treat the disorder.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/wha/wha_galac_crs.htm (615 words)

	Postgraduate Medicine: Galactorrhea may be clue to serious problems
		Galactorrhea may be clue to serious problems: patients deserve a thorough workup.
		Although she said she did not have galactorrhea, breast tenderness, or excessive breast stimulation and was taking no medications, breast examination elicited one droplet of milky discharge.
		Her galactorrhea was not detected until attempts at expression on breast examination.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/2000/06_00/whitman.htm (2105 words)

	Galactorrhea: Assessment and Treatment Options
		Galactorrhea is usually associated with elevated prolactin levels, but nearly half of the women with galactorrhea have normal prolactin levels.
		Galactorrhea is defined as the secretion from the nipple of a milklike substance which may occur spontaneously or upon expression of the nipple in the absence of pregnancy or lactation.
		Galactorrhea, whether accompanied by elevated prolactin levels or not, may be successfully and simply resolved by treating the underlying cause or discontinuing the causative medication.
	www.uspharmacist.com /oldformat.asp?url=newlook/files/Feat/ACF300F.cfm&pub_id=8&article_id=141 (2221 words)

	Human Reproduction: Case 1, Question 2 -- Feedback (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Galactorrhea refers to the secretion of milky fluid from the breast at times other than pregnancy (six months after delivery and not nursing) or breast-feeding (six months after cessation).
		Activation of the afferent limb of the neuroendocrine arc.
		Galactorrhea can also occur after pituitary stalk section or with a hypothalamic or pituitary condition blocking dopamine transport (Tables 1 and 2).
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /kw/human_reprod/cases/case1/lab_q2_i.html (427 words)

	Galactorrhea - UMHS Approved Clinical Care Guideline
		Galactorrhea is a benign type of nipple discharge; that is, it has no association with breast cancer.
		Galactorrhea is a whitish or greenish discharge from the breast nipples.
		If there is a question whether the discharge is galactorrhea or not or if the woman has significant risk factors for breast cancer, a physician may refer her to a breast specialist for further evaluation.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/guides/galact.htm (715 words)

	Galactorrhea \| Caremark Health Resources
		Many women who have had children may even be able to express a small amount of breast milk from the nipple up to two years after childbirth.
		In women, galactorrhea may be associated with infertility, menstrual cycle irregularities, hot flushes, or amenorrhea--a condition where menstruation stops completely.
		The drug bromocriptine is often prescribed first to reduce the secretion of prolactin and to decrease the size of pituitary tumors.
	healthresources.caremark.com /topic/topic100586851 (929 words)

	Galactorrhea: Pituitary Gland Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Galactorrhea is the production of breast milk in men or in women who are not breastfeeding.
		In both sexes, the most common cause of galactorrhea is a prolactin-secreting tumor (prolactinoma) in the pituitary gland.
		There are other causes of galactorrhea that do not involve high levels of prolactin, such as an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism).
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec13/ch162/ch162f.html (759 words)

	Canadian Journal of Psychiatry - Letters to the Editor (Feb 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Galactorrhea is an uncommon side effect of antidepressants that occurs weeks after treatment initiation, with the result that neither patients nor physicians may recognize the association.
		In addition, it is a rather unusual and potentially embarrassing adverse side effect that patients may not report to their physician.
		Jeffries J, Bezchlibnyk-Butler K, Remington G. Amenorrhea and galactorrhea associated with fluvoxamine in a loxapine-treated patient [letter].
	www.cpa-apc.org /Publications/Archives/CJP/2001/Feb/Letters4.asp (716 words)

	Galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea may be a symptom of a condition that needs further medical treatment, so it is important that you see Dr. Asch or Lynch to determine the cause of this problem.
		Galactorrhea is often a symptom of another condition.
		If your galactorrhea is mild and a cause cannot be found, breast binders can help stop the discharge by preventing stimulation of the nipples.
	folsomobgyn.com /galactorrhea.htm (578 words)

	Galactorrhea definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Galactorrhea can be due to "normal" factors such as an unrecognized pregnancy, trauma, surgery, overexercise or one of a number of drugs (including amphetamine, cimetidine, female hormone replacement therapy, hydroxyzine, methyldopa, nicotine, narcotics, reserpine, antidepressants of the so-called tricyclic type, or verapamil).
		Galactorrhea can also be due to "abnormal" factors of a pathologic nature such as cirrhosis of the liver, a false pregnancy (pseudocyesis), renal (kidney) failure, disorders of the spinal cord, or a prolactinoma (a benign pituitary tumor that secretes the hormone prolactin which stimulates milk production).
		The word "galactorrhea" comes from the Greek "galaktos" meaning "milk" + "rhein" meaning "to flow" = "to flow milk." (The naturally occurring sugar in breast milk is called galactose.) Galactorrhea is also sometimes called witch's milk.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9665 (196 words)

	Welcome to Doctors Hospital Surgery Center's Web Site
		Galactorrhea is a discharge of milk from the breast that is not associated with breastfeeding.
		Galactorrhea has many causes, though sometimes the cause is unknown.
		If an underlying cause for galactorrhea, such as a pituitary tumor, is found, this condition may be treated.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=b696f142-edf4-4d7f-a7ba-dc89ceee0ace&chunkiid=11843&siteid=b9687a1d-9efb-4849-8eec-1e4cd3aaa3e2&url=http://dhsc.icu.ehc.com (434 words)

	Galactorrhea: Treatment - MayoClinic.com
		Galactorrhea caused by a pituitary tumor (prolactinoma) may require medication to shrink the tumor or surgery to remove it.
		Sometimes doctors can't determine an exact cause for galactorrhea, but it needs to be treated anyway.
		In such instances, you might be given a medication to block the effects of prolactin or to lower the amount of prolactin in your body.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/galactorrhea/DS00761/DSECTION=6 (236 words)

	Pituitary Dysfunction - Hyperprolactinemia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Breast discharge that is not clearly galactorrhea (which should be watery or milky and should NOT contain pus or blood) must be further evaluated.
		A quick and relatively simple test to confirm galactorrhea is to observe fat droplets in the fluid using a microscope.
		If the discharge does not respond to normalization of circulating prolactin, then you should review the basis for the diagnosis of galactorrhea with the doctor to be certain that a breast tumor or cancer has been ruled out (at least with as much certainty as is possible).
	www.infertilitytutorials.com /ovulation_members/hyperprolactinemia.cfm (1107 words)

	Galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea is a discharge of milk from the breast that is not associated with breastfeeding.
		Galactorrhea has many causes, though sometimes the cause is unknown.
		If an underlying cause for galactorrhea, such as a pituitary tumor, is found, this condition may be treated.
	healthgate.partners.org /browsing/browseContent.asp?fileName=11843.xml&title=Galactorrhea (730 words)

	Galactorrhea
		Galactorrhea, or milk production, is obviously a normal and desirable phenonmenon after childbirth.
		Although there are very effective, nonhormonal medications to treat galactorrhea, I would suggest not using them unless the prolactin level was markedly elevated, causing infertility or other symptoms, or if the milk letdown was particularly troublesome.
		The best advice is to avoid stimulating the nipple if at all possible, much like the advice given to women after delivery who do not want to breastfeed.
	www.medhelp.org /perl6/Maternal/archive/3488.html (728 words)

	Galactorrhea -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It may leak with no stimulation or it may leak only when the breasts are touched.
		Men can have galactorrhea, too, but it is less common.
		Most tumors that cause galactorrhea are not cancer.
	familydoctor.org /673.xml (342 words)

	NEL, Neither gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics in male patients; pii: ...
		Neither gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics in male patients
		The authors investigated the prevalence of gynecomastia and galactorrhea in a group of regularly neuroleptic-treated male patients.
		CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results seem to indicate that (i) gynecomastia is not common in the Japanese population, and (ii) in male patients neither palpable gynecomastia nor galactorrhea is a common side effect of neuroleptics.
	www.nel.edu /21_6/2orig4_Kaneda.htm (305 words)

	Ask Our Expert - Galactorrhea: Production of Breast Milk without Pregnancy
		Galactorrhea can occur during pregnancy, but usually there are many other pregnancy signs like absent periods, weight gain, fatigue, and nausea.
		Galactorrhea is sometimes caused by too much of the milk hormone prolactin, or occasionally by other hormonal changes, like low thyroid.
		Sometimes the hormonal changes associated with galactorrhea can disturb your menstrual cycle, so you should keep a written record of your periods while this is being investigated.
	www.drspock.com /faq/0,1511,13261,00.html (293 words)

	HerbChina2000.com - Herbal Remedies - Galactorrhea
		During other observations on 3 patients with galactorrhea after stopping lactation receiving treatment with this herbal combination, all 3 cases were judged as healing (full recovery and symptom free).
		Physicians judged the clinical efficacy to be excellent in
		Herbal treatment designed to adjust endocrine and exocrine, stop nipple discharge and improve symtoms, treat complications, and most importantly, to boost energy and strong body for better health and quality of life.
	www.herbchina2000.com /therapies/BGL.shtml (921 words)

	Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med -- Abstract: 'Witch's milk'. Galactorrhea in the newborn, March 1986, Madlon-Kay 140 (3): 252
		Galactorrhea in the newborn, March 1986, Madlon-Kay 140 (3): 252
		examined for breast nodule size and the presence of galactorrhea.
		All the infants with galactorrhea were born at term, with neither sex
	archpedi.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/140/3/252 (132 words)

	eMedicine - Hyperprolactinemia : Article by Donald Shenenberger, MD, FAAFP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Galactorrhea is less common in postmenopausal women due to lack of estrogen.
		Galactorrhea is due to the direct physiologic effect of prolactin on breast epithelial cells.
		Causes: The diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia should be included in the differential for female patients presenting with oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, or infertility or for male patients presenting with sexual dysfunction.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1098.htm (2633 words)

	Antipsychotic Medications Resulting in Amenorrhea-Galactorrrhea Syndrome
		However, after taking neuroleptic medicines, they all developed galactorrhea and/or amenorrhea.
		Twenty-two cases developed galactorrhea and amenorrhea whose symptoms went away when they stopped taking these medications but which returned even worse when they started taking these medications again.
		Organic disease causing endocrine dyscrasia was ruled out in all these cases, and all these patients had not menstruated for 3-8 months.
	www.bluepoppy.com /press/journal/issues/articles/jan04/jan04_ezine_psych_galac_amen.cfm (834 words)

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