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Topic: Galapagos penguins

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	Galápagos Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galapagos tortoise (Galápagos Giant tortoise), Geochelone elephantopus, known as Galápago in Spanish, it gave the name to the islands.
		In this island penguins, cormorants, marine iguanas, boobies, pelicans and Sally lightfoot crabs abound.
		In 1959 the islands became a national park, and the Galapagos National Park was established in 1968 to preserve the biodiversity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galapagos_Islands (3480 words)

	Galapagos penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos Penguins have a narrow white band from the eye extending under the chin and a fl band that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts.
		Galapagos penguins breed on the Galapagos Islands on the equator (and on the north coast of Isabela Island just north of the equator!).
		Galapagos penguins are believed to eat mostly fish such as mullet and sardine, but no detailed studies have been published.
	www.geocities.com /Pengonia/galapagos_penguins.html (194 words)

	Galapagos Penguins - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos penguins are the smallest and most northerly of the warm weather penguins.
		Although the pattern of banding on Galapagos penguins is similar to that on Magellanic penguins, the Galapagos penguins are considerably smaller and the main fl band around their front is much thinner.
		Galapagos penguins are not migratory; they stay in temperate waters year round, eating mostly small tropical fish, such as mullet and sardines, and crustaceans caught on shallow pursuit dives.
	antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/penguins/galapagos.shtml (516 words)

	Galapagos Penguins
		This is the smallest of the warm weather penguins.
		Galapagos penguins have a thin white band that runs under their chin.
		Galapagos penguins eat mostly small fish such as mullet and sardines.
	www.siec.k12.in.us /~west/proj/penguins/galap.html (357 words)

	Galapagos Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos penguins are fl and white with a white line under the chin up to the eye.
		The Galapagos penguin is the rarest of penguins.
		Galapagos penguins eat mostly fish and squid from the cold water.
	www.op97.org /longfellow/onlineproj/0203/penguins/galapagos.html (114 words)

	Penguins: Galapagos Penguins - Spheniscus mendiculus
		Galapagos Penguins are the smallest of the South American penguins, with an average length of less than 50cm, and an average weight of less than 2.5kg.
		Galapagos Penguins do not leave the archipelago, and generally forage close to shore in the cooler Cromwell Current, returning to the land at night.
		During 1970/71, the population of Galapagos Penguins was estimated at 6,000 to 15,000 birds.
	www.penguins.cl /galapagos-penguins.htm (1242 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Galapagos penguin
		Galapagos penguins have a fl/brown head and body with two arcs of white plumage around each eye.
		Galapagos penguins live on the equator and are confined to the tropics of South America where they only breed on the Galapagos islands.
		Galapagos penguins breed in solitary pairs or small social groups in caves or caverns close to sea level.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/364.shtml (280 words)

	galapagos penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Galapagos Penguin is the smallest of the warm weather penguins.
		The Galapagos Penguin lives and breeds on the Galapagos Islands and on Isabella Island which are located north of the Equator.
		The Galapagos Penguins survive mainly on mullet and sardines.
	home.sjfc.edu /cals/units/mcgowan/galapagos_penguins.htm (159 words)

	Magellanic Penguins
		Magellanic penguins have a broad fl band under their chin and another that runs in an inverted horseshoe shape around their fronts.
		Magellanic Penguins are considerably larger than Galapagos Penguins and the main fl band around the front is much narrower on Galapagos Penguins.
		Magellanic penguins breed on the east and western coasts of Chile and Argentina in South America, and on off shore islands and in the Falkland Islands.
	www.adelie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /species_notes/magell.htm (285 words)

	Galapagos Penguin -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Galapagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) is a (Short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers) penguin endemic to the (A group of islands in the Pacific off South America; owned by Ecuador; known for unusual animal life) Galapagos Islands.
		It is the only penguin to live on the equator.
		The population underwent an alarming decline of 65% since the mid-1990s which makes it the rarest penguin species (a status which is often falsely attributed to the (Click link for more info and facts about Yellow-eyed penguin) Yellow-eyed penguin).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ga/galapagos_penguin.htm (251 words)

	Galapagos Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos penguins are found on the island "Galapagos Island" and Isabela Island located north of the Equator.
		Galapagos is the smallest of the warm weather penguins.
		The Galapagos looks similiar to the Magellanic penguin but it is smaller and the fl markings on the belly are thinner.
	laurier.vsb.bc.ca /studentp/Jackie%20and%20Ken/type_galapagos.html (401 words)

	Save the Penguins
		Penguins are dying off because of pollution, overfishing, coastal development, and climate changes.
		Because penguins are popular with us humans, their cause could be a catalyst for greater global efforts to save the natural environment.
		Because penguins capture the public imagination, environmental groups can use their plight to educate the public on the general problem of the destruction of wildlife.
	www.progress.org /archive/fold67.htm (750 words)

	Galapagos penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos penguin is known to be the smallest penguin found in the world.
		Galapagos penguins are endangered - there are less than 2000 breeding pairs- with some estimates as low as 800.
		Galapagos Penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) - Crisis in the Galapagos.
	www.genomelink.org /galapagos (194 words)

	Galapagos Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Galápagos penguin, the most northerly species of penguin in the world, has halved in numbers since the early 1970s and is potentially at risk from increased temperatures as a result of global climate change.
		During the months when penguins were breeding in 1970 through 1972, surface water temperature ranged from 17C to 27C, with a mean of approximately 22C.
		Penguins were significantly more likely to breed when surface temperatures were less than 22C than when temperatures were warmer.
	www.seaweb.org /resources/22update/galoppenguin.html (276 words)

	Galapagos Penguin
		Humboldt Penguins presently live in colonies all along the western coast of South America, and it is likely that the Galapagos Penguin originated from a stray group of Humboldt Penguins that followed the cold waters of the Humboldt Current to the Galapagos Islands.
		The Galapagos Penguins do hunt in groups (especially during "feeding frenzies" that consist of large groups of birds hunting together for hours), but when El Niño warms the waters (Boersma, 1998) or upwelling of the Cromwell Current fails to occur, the Galapagos Penguins are much more likely to hunting solitarily or in pairs.
		The Galapagos Penguin is a remarkable species that exhibits numerous unique adaptations that allow it to continue surviving in one of the most extreme niches of all penguins.
	www.stanford.edu /class/anthsci10sc/2002_galapagos_website/Albert-Penguin.htm (1874 words)

	index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		With a Galapagos naturalist at our side, we set out each day in the early morning and afternoon, to remarkable ecosystems where the wildlife is most abundant and active.
		And when it comes to arranging the best Galapagos adventure with a focus on nature, there is no substitute for our depth of knowledge and experience offered by Big Five Tours and Expeditions and Galapagos.com.
		Galapagos.com is dedicated to showing the many sides of the Galapagos, one of the most profound and enchanting wildlife spectacles in the world, a haven of nature and discovery unlike any other.
	www.galapagos.com (304 words)

	ipedia.com: Galápagos Islands Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus, - it's unusual for penguins to live at the equator.
		In this island penguins, flightless cormorants, marine iguanas, boobies, pelicans and Sally lightfoot crabs abound.
		In 1793, James Collnet made a description of the flora and fauna of Galapagos and suggested that the islands could be used as base for the whalers operating in the Pacific Ocean.
	www.ipedia.com /galapagos_islands.html (2562 words)

	Ryan's Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Galapagos penguins live in the farthest north of all penguins.
		Galapagos penguins are one of the smaller penguins because they live far north (farther north, smaller).
		Galapagos penguins' enemies are killer whales (on their journey to warmer water).
	www.kids-space.org /story_99/class/02CES03/RyanT2J.html (318 words)

	Species Index - Galapogos Penguin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Galapagos penguin is the smallest member of the spheniscidae family which includes 3 other species the Humboldt, Magellanic and the African penguins.
		This penguin is a truly tropical weather penguin, living on the hot desert islands of the Galapagos at the equator making it the most northerly penguin species.
		Galapagos snake, rats, and Sally Lightfoot Crabs which take chicks and eggs.
	www.penguintag.org /species_index_galapogos.htm (259 words)

	The Tropical Penguins
		The Magellanic penguin is migratory and spends April through August at sea, following the ocean currents; and Sept through March at their breeding grounds along the coastlines of Argentina, southern Chile, and the Falkland Islands.
		The Blackfooteed penguin is sometimes called the Jackass penguin (because of its loud braying call), or the South African penguin.
		The estimated population of Galapagos penguins is 15,000 birds; and officially it is considered an endangered species.
	www.eliasdesigns.com /penguins/tropical.htm (839 words)

	IOL: Nature a constant companion on the Galapagos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The islands' diversity mean penguins co-exist with cacti, and their remote location has nurtured fauna that developed distinctly from the rest of the planet and fed Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.
		Snorkellers attract circles of acrobatic sea lions or are buzzed by speedy Galapagos penguins, the only penguins to live north of the equator, as white-tipped reef sharks peer shyly from underwater caves.
		The flirtations of the frigatebird is one of the best-known shows on the Galapagos with the males puffing up red sacks on their breasts and beating them with their beaks like bongo drums to draw the attention of the female.
	www.iol.co.za /index.php?set_id=14&click_id=418&art_id=qw111872934235T614 (1164 words)

	Humboldt Penguins - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Humboldt penguins, also known as the Peruvian penguins, are members of the Spheniscus genus, This warm weather penguin lives mostly on rocky mainland shores, especially near cliffs, or on islands off the coasts of Chile and Peru.
		Although, their principal threat is the activity of man, Humboldts, like the Galapagos penguins, are vulnerable to disturbances in their food chain caused by strong El Nino currents.
		Mated penguins are able to recognize one another and their offspring through a combination of sight and voice.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/penguins/humboldt.shtml (572 words)

	CNN - El Niño takes its toll on penguins - May 29, 1998
		The increasing number and strength of warm-water El Niño events, along with a decline of colder-water La Niña events, have reduced the population of Galapagos penguins by half since 1970, says researcher Dee Boersma, a University of Washington zoology professor and a leading authority on temperate- and equatorial-zone penguins.
		There to examine the impacts of the current El Niño, she discovered dead marine iguanas and sea lions, undernourished flightless cormorants and a generally emaciated penguin population in which no juveniles were seen.
		However, the Galapagos are protected by a 50-mile protection zone and there is great care taken to keep human impacts in the area down to a minimum.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/science/9805/29/el.nino.penguins (636 words)

	Boobies of the Galapagos Islands
		The Galapagos is home to three varieties of booby the Blue-Footed, Red-Footed and Masked Boobies.
		The largest of the Galapagos Booby grow to 30 to 35 inches (76 to 89 cm) in length with a wingspan of 5 to 6 ft (1.5 to 1.8 m).
		They were brought to the Galapagos by the Humboldt Current, which brings cold waters and nutrients north from Antarctica.
	www.galapagosonline.com /nathistory/wildlife/birds/galapagosbirds.htm (1039 words)

	Increasing Frequency Of El Nino Takes Toll On Northern Hemisphere's Only Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Boersma's most recent analysis of the long-term effects of El Nino on the Galapagos penguin population was published in the May issue of the journal Condor.
		Additionally, she returned to the Galapagos for two weeks in early May to examine the impact of the current El Nino, the strongest this century, on the penguin population.
		During her latest trip, some of the 100 penguins she observed were starting to molt, which she says is an encouraging sign the food supply might be returning.
	www.junkscience.com /news2/penguins.htm (981 words)

	New Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Galapagos penguins which are found only on the Galapagos Islands are listed as Endangered.
		Galapagos penguins are easily the most northerly of all penguins living right on the equator.
		With the development of the Galapagos Islands over the last few years there has been a reduction in the number of these small birds.
	www.adelie.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /Endangered/galap_threat.htm (143 words)

	Galapagos Cruises - Galapagos Islands tours travel vacations and hotels Ecuador
		All Galapagos cruise ships, yachts and diving boats are anchored on each island destination and passengers are ferried to the landing point in small boats called pangas (dinghies).
		The Islands are famous for their unique plant life and vast number of endemic (known only to the islands) species such as red and blue-footed boobies, frigate birds (members of the pelican family), giant colorful tortoises, and marine and land iguanas that grow to be about 5 feet long.
		The Galapagos were visited by Charles Darwin in 1835 where he collected evidence that led to his theory of natural selection.
	www.galapagosisland.net (511 words)

	Galapagos Penguin
		Although penguins are considered to be flightless, they do not have any of the skeletal adaptations to flightlessness typical of other flightless birds, such as a reduced keel on the breastbone.
		Penguins, in fact, are not flightless at all.
		Penguins are usually silent, but at times they make a braying noise that sounds very much like a donkey.
	www.rit.edu /~rhrsbi/GalapagosPages/GalapagosPenguin.html (683 words)

	Galapagos Penguins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Galapagos penguins are endemic to the Galapagos islands, which are off the coast of South America.
		The Galapagos Penguins couldn't survive on glaciers because their species acclimated to the warmer temperatures of the Galapagos islands.
		The Galapagos penguins have a dependent relationship with the fish in the area.
	www.hillsborough.k12.nj.us /hhs/endspeci/Birds/gpenguin.htm (337 words)

	KidZone Penguin Photos
		Penguins do not live in the wild in any location in the Northern Hemisphere.
		The northern most colony of penguins are located in the Galapagos Islands.
		The Galapagos Penguins can survive close to the equator because the Humboldt current brings cold waters to the islands from the Antarctic.
	www.kidzone.ws /animals/penguins/facts15.htm (48 words)

	New England Seabirds - Wandering Birder, Trip Reports from outside New England
		If the 17 penguin club is exclusive then the group of birders who have seen penguins actually mating is even more so.
		I have seen many penguins, but this was a first for me. Unfortunately only half of the group was in the first boat and witnessed this amazing sight.
		The Galápagos Penguin is related to the Magellanic Penguin of southern Chile and to the similar Falkland Penguin.
	www.neseabirds.com /Galapagos/WanderingEcuador5.htm (720 words)

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