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	Galata and the Galata Bridge - All About Turkey
		Galata was an important center to govern the "capitulations" which caused the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
		The first Galata Bridge at the mouth of the waterway was constructed in 1845 by the mother of Sultan Abdulmecid and used for 18 years.
		The Galata Bridge was a symbolic link between the traditional city of Istanbul proper, site of the imperial palace and principal religious and secular institutions of the empire, and the districts of Galata, Beyoglu, Sisli and Harbiye where a large proportion of the inhabitants were non-Muslims and where foreign merchants and diplomats lived and worked.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /galata.htm (1824 words)

	Galata - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galata or Galatae is a district in Istanbul, the largest city of Turkey.
		Galata is located north of the Golden Horn, the inlet that separates it from the old city center.
		In the center of Galata is the Galata Tower.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galata (289 words)

	Galata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Galata is famous for its tasty fruits that it produces in large quantities, especially apples of every variety, apricots, peaches, cherries, damsons, grapes, and others, as well as a variety of fresh vegetables.
		However, the inhabitants of Galata as well as those of the surrounding villages -by tradition -starkly believe that this village or small settlement was located close to the country church of St. George the "Perachorites", east of Kakopetria and to the left of the tourist road to Troodos.
		‹‹ … from the renowned island of Cyprus, from the village of Lampadou in the district of Galata››.
	www.galata.org.cy /english/history.shtm (1359 words)

	Adventure Tours - Galata Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This bridge was known as the Hayratiye and was opened on 3 September 1836.
		The second Galata Bridge (the New Bridge) was built by Abdulmecit Han.
		The fourth Galata Bridge was built in 1912 by a German firm for 350.000 gold liras.
	www.adventuretours.com.tr /showinfo.asp?InfoNo=57 (371 words)

	Galata Bridge and beyond, Galata Tower, Tower of Virgin
		This is the first and older of the two bridges spanning the Golden Horn, a natural channel seven kilometres long which begins at the entrance of the port and leads towards the interior of the city.
		Galata Bridge is one of the most important points in the social, historical and economic life of the metropolis.
		In 1845 a wooden bridge was built where the present Galata Bridge stands by order of Bezmi Alem Sultana, the mother of Sultan Abdulmecid I. Finally, in 1912, the present bridge was brought here.
	www.istanbulportal.com /istanbulportal/History-9.aspx (745 words)

	T.C. Kultur Bakanligi / Ministry of Culture, Republic of Turkey
		Bridges were the most important elements of the change that took place.
		Anyway, Mahmut ll who had built the first bridge had chosen the place of the present Unkapanı Bridge for this purpose, and the commercial part of the Golden Horn was ending at this point (yet, this section was to gain a new importance with the advent of industrialisation).
		The second bridge, i.e., the Galata Bridge was built by Bezm-i Alem Valide Sultan as a charity; but this has been the bridge with the important function, because it has united the business centers of Galata and Eminönü.
	www.discoverturkey.com /english/yeni/istanbul/contemporary.html (945 words)

	Galata Bridge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Galata Bridge (in Turkish Galata Köprüsü) is a bridge that spans the Golden Horn in Istanbul, Turkey.
		The oldest recorded bridge over the Golden Horn in Istanbul was built during the reign of Justinian the Great in the 6th century AD close to the area near the Theodosian Land Walls at the western end of the city.
		The first Galata Bridge at the mouth of the waterway was constructed in 1845 by Valide Sultan, the mother of Sultan Abdulmecid (1839-1861) and used for 18 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galata_Bridge (1104 words)

	Galata Bridge, Istanbul
		The present bridge (484m/512ft long and 42m/138ft wide; landing-stage used by local steamers) was built in 1992 with German assistance, replacing the old Galata Bridge which burnt down in 1991.
		Erected by a German firm between 1909 and 1912, the old bridge, resting on 22 pontoons, had a middle section which swung open to allow the passage of large vessels.
		There are plans to reconstruct the historic Galata Bridge, but no decision has yet been made about a new location for it.
	www.planetware.com /istanbul/galata-bridge-tr-is-ibgb.htm (141 words)

	galata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A bridge is built in the Shipyard out of wooden material between Karaköy and Eminönü in 1845 as an alternative to the Hayratiye Bridge built between Unkapan› and Azapkap› in 1836.
		The structure of this bridge serves as a model to the three bridges to be built along this axis on the Golden Horn.
		Many citizens of ‹stanbul say that the old bridge is among the best memories they have… Works have been underway in recent years to give the new Galata Bridge a character that will suit the air of ‹stanbul.
	www.tursab.org.tr /content/english/news/haber/261/261galata.asp (1078 words)

	Troubles Plague Galata Bridge The Week in Perspective - Turkish Daily News Apr 04, 1999
		Faulty construction The seven-year-old Galata Bridge, which spans Istanbul's Golden Horn, an inlet of the Bosphorus separating the old and new parts of Istanbul and containing naval and civilian shipyards and parts of the harbor, is slowly sinking because of neglect and faulty construction.
		When the old bridge was finally incapacitated because of a flash fire, believed to have been set by Kurdish separatists, the new Galata Bridge had to be opened without being completed.
		In addition to the present Galata Bridge and the old crossing, two other bridges span the Golden Horn, the Ataturk Bridge linking the districts of Unkapani and Azakkapi, a pontoon crossing built in 1940, and the third Golden Horn Bridge, a part of the E-5 expressway built in the early 1970s.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=11807 (2015 words)

	History of Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		B7's note: I don't agree with the people who say that the word is derived from a word similar to bridge-- britich, biritch, britch, beach, etc. Because the bridge players at that time were highly educated I believe that they surely could properly spell a word that they pronounced..
		Galata Tower can be seen at the top of the hill.
		Later, the so-called "kings of bridge" replaced the sultans of bridge.
	www.bridge7.com /enteresan/xent4.htm (272 words)

	Galata Bridge, Istanbul, Turkey
		Galata Bridge is the heart of Istanbul, spanning the Golden Horn from Karaköy on the north to Old Istanbul, centered on Sultanahmet, on the south.
		Crossing the bridge you look west toward Europe and east across the Bosphorus to Üsküdar and Asia.
		The present Galata Bridge, built in 1992, replaced a much-loved pontoon bridge dating from 1912 that gently swayed and rolled as the seas moved beneath it.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /WhereToGo/Istanbul/Sights/GoldenHorn/GalataBridge.html (176 words)

	Why does a city as romantic as Istanbul lack a romantic bridge? - Turkish Daily News Jul 08, 2005
		Turks do agree, though, that the city once upon a time did have a romantic bridge, and that was the old Galata Bridge, which spanned the mouth of the Golden Horn, where it emptied into the Sea of Marmara.
		The first bridge of sorts in Ottoman times was constructed in 1836 on rafts to connect the old city with the Galata side across the Golden Horn.
		The latest bridge proposal for the Golden Horn came from the Greater Istanbul Municipality this year and would entail a new bridge that would carry the metro line from Taksim to Yenikapi.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /article.php?enewsid=17758 (1324 words)

	T.C. Kultur Bakanligi / Ministry of Culture, Republic of Turkey
		It is possible that the bridge in question spanned the mouth of the Kâğıthane Creek at the point where it flowed into the Golden Horn.
		The bridge between Eminönü and Karaköy, the fourth of its kind, which was in use until very recently, was built by the German MAN company in 1912.
		However, pontoons are considered to hinder the flow of water from the Golden Horn into the Sea of Marmara and for this reason the new Galata bridge between Eminönü and Karaköy was built on piles.
	www.discoverturkey.com /english/yeni/istanbul/bridges.html (380 words)

	Leonardo and the Galata bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		So despite the paucity of detail on his plan for the Galata Bridge there is an arguable case that it was no mere artistic flight of fancy but a serious, if highly grandiose design, to span Istanbul's Golden Horn.
		The design that Leonardo chose was a single arched span to enable shipping to pass under it but also he must have appreciated only this type of bridge could span the 420 meters because all parts of the arch undergo compressional forces.
		The chances of the bridge buckling or flexing under loads were decreased by stiffening the arch by reducing the thickness closer to the middle and incorporating a pair of arches at either side of the main arch.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /sheena_charles/Vincigalata.htm (316 words)

	PopMatters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The one I made my way over was the Galata Bridge, the first bridge along the Golden Horn, about one kilometer set in from the confluence between the Horn and the Bosphorous.
		This entire Galata section is as rich in activity as it is in tradition.
		The Galata Tower was the heart of the Genoese fortifications during their medieval stay here.
	blogs.popmatters.com /postcards/2006/07/22/casting-about-in-galata (1218 words)

	Google Earth Community: Bridge Construction?
		Those bridges are from the East to the West Galata Köprüsü, Atatürk Köprüsü and Unkapani (the letter "i" there is without its dot in Turkish) Köprüsü.
		Galata the name of the district to the North (an ancient area of the Latin-Catholics that and changed hands between Venetians and Genoese against the Orthodox Byzantine which was in the South ie in the peninsula south to the Halic).
		The Galata Bridge was reconstructed (in a too long time and uncomfortable way) after it was fired.
	bbs.keyhole.com /ubb/showflat.php/Cat/0/Number/27683/an/page/vc/1 (1160 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Galata
		Galata Browse a huge selection now Find exactly what you want today
		Its name was officially changed from Constantinople to Istanbul in 1930; before AD 330 it was known as Byzantium.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Galata" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Galata (148 words)

	40/50.- Istanbul, Galata Tower. Tourist Information - VIRTOURIST.COM
		We start our fifth day in Istanbul with a stroll on the Galata Bridge, across the Golden Horn; first built in 1845 the wooden Galata bridge was replaced in 1912 with an iron bridge, and recently reinforced and enlarged in 1994.
		As we enter the maze of streets uphill to the Galata Tower, we can only imagine what this commercial district may have looked like in its heyday, when it was home to Sephardic Jews, Genoese, Greek bankers, Armenians, foreign ambassadors.
		Called the Tower of Christ, Galata was built by the Genoese in the 14th c together with a defense wall along the shores of the Golden Horn.
	www.virtourist.com /europe/istanbul/40.htm (132 words)

	Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To the left is the Bosphorus strait (connecting the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara) and the Bosphorus Bridge.
		To the left of these giants lies the Galata Bridge and the New Mosque.
		Continuing to the right, we see the Ataturk bridge and (if you look closely and follow the path of traffic into the Old City from the Ataturk bridge) the Aqueduct of Valens (from the year 375).
	www.math.ucsb.edu /~garcias/travel/turkey.html (5825 words)

	City Portrait: Istanbul, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		To the north of the covered bazaar, near the south end of the Galata bridge that crosses the Golden Horn, is the Egyptian or Spice Market.
		Its southern end is not far from the Galata Bridge and the Galata tower.
		We took a ferry that left between Topkapi Palace and the Galata Bridge, to Üsküdar on the Asian side.
	www.bitrot.de /city_istanbul.html (1438 words)

	Constantinople - The Galata Bridge
		To see the population of Constantinople, it is well to go upon the floating bridge, about one-quarter of a mile in length, which extends from the most advanced point of Galata to the opposite shore of the Golden Horn, facing the great mosque of the Sultana Valide.
		Both shores are European territory; but the bridge may be said to connect Asia to Europe because in Stamboul there is nothing European save the ground, and even the Christian suburbs that crown it are of Asiatic character and color.
		There are two exhaustless currents of human beings that meet and mingle forever from the rising of the sun until his setting, presenting a spectacle before which the market-places of India, the fair of Nijni-Nov gorod, and the festivals of Pekin grow pale.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles14/travel-369.shtml (297 words)

	Google Sightseeing » Post Archive » Broken Bridge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The bridge is obviously floating; seems to be an opened ponton bridge.
		The bridge was in use for a while in its second place here as Evriana Jones says but then the municipality decided to leave it open to let the water come in and out to let the water stay clean.
		When the bridge was in use for many years as Galata Bridge it was being opened this way to let the ships come in and out.
	www.googlesightseeing.com /2005/08/13/broken-bridge (831 words)

	TML ROADS PROJECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The construction of a 490 m long and 42 m wide 2x3 vehicular lanes and 2x1 walkways bridge supported by 114 tubular steel piles 2 m in diameter, with lengths extending down to 80 m below water level, which is on of the largest foundation system of the World.
		The deck consists of two 193 m parts prestressed reinforced concrete double deckers supported by tubular steel piles and a 2 x 40.5 m span bascule supported by two reinforced concrete caissons of 5,500 tonnes built underwater on tubular steel piles.
		The construction of 287 m long highway bridge with a main span 135 m across the Euphrates river between Malatya and Elazig involving the balanced cantilever substructure in reinforced concrete on two main piers in the bed and two abudments.
	www.tml.com.tr /pd-roads-2.htm (185 words)

	Welcome to HOTEL POEM Istanbul
		In Ortaköy, there is a church, a mosque and a synagogue that have existed side by side for hundreds of years - a tribute to Turkish tolerance at the grass roots level.
		Overshadowing İstanbul's traditional architecture is one of the world's largest suspension bridges, the Bosphorus Bridge, linking Europe and Asia.
		The Galata Mevlevi Lodge (mevlevihane) or as it is also known the Kulekapı Mevlevi Lodge which is now serving as a museum, is one of the institutions which reflect the culture of the era in the best possible way.
	www.hotelpoem.com /attractions.htm (5241 words)

	SyberWorks Selected by the American Contract Bridge League to Develop Online Bridge Education Content through the ...
		Today it is the largest bridge organization in the world, with more than 160,000 members living in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Bermuda.
		Bridge traces its origins to the British game of whist, first played in the 16th century.
		It may be named for the Galata Bridge in Istanbul, which British soldiers crossed during the Crimean War of the 19th century to reach a coffeehouse where they played cards.
	www.emediawire.com /releases/2005/5/emw243030.htm (862 words)

	Trailmonkey's Virtual Istanbul Adventures, Turkey - framed
		A new and wider Galata Bridge now spans the Golden Horn between Karakoy and Eminonu, and a second suspension bridge graces the middle reaches of the Bosphorus.
		Although there are the Bosphorus bridges, and your taxi, or dolmus, is likely to take one or other rather than the ferry, the opportunity the boat offers to observe the outline of the city with its hills, domes and minarets is recommended.
		In 506 BC, it was occupied by the Medes, but seems not to have been all that important to the Persian Xerxes who built a bridge of boats across the Hellespont, at the lower end of the Dardanelles, when launching his invasion of Greece.
	www.trailmonkey.com /europa/vituist.htm (7453 words)

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