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Topic: Galaxy formation and evolution

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Groups and clusters of galaxies

Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy

Globular cluster

Large scale structure of the cosmos

Galactic astronomy

Hubble sequence

M31

Extragalactic astronomy

Local Group

Triangulum Galaxy

Timeline of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and large scale structure

Dark matter

Andromeda Galaxy

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	Science Staff
		Galaxy formation and evolution; star-forming galaxies; stellar populations; star-formation histories; massive stars and ISM in starburst galaxies.
		Formation and evolution of large-scale structure in the universe, morphology and dynamics of galaxy groups, clusters, and superclusters, gravitational lensing, and observational cosmology.
		Formation and evolution of galaxies from the earliest epoch to the present.
	www.stsci.edu /institute/sd/staff (2075 words)

	Galaxy formation and evolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		High Velocity Clouds, clouds of neutral hydrogen are "raining" down on the galaxy, and presumably have been from the beginning (these would be the necessary source of a gas disk from which the disk stars formed).
		If either galaxy were a spiral before the merger, the violence of the event would disrupt the delicate structure of the disk.
		Further examples of satellite dwarf galaxies that are in the process of merging with the Milky Way are the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, discovered in 2003 and thought to be responsible for the Monoceros Ring, and the Virgo Stellar Stream, discovered in 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galaxy_formation_and_evolution (1408 words)

	Formation and Evolution of Galaxies
		Primeval galaxies undergoing their first episodes of star formation have remained elusive, either because these nascent systems are shrouded in dust or because galaxy formation is a slow hierarchical process wherein galaxies are assembled over time from small building blocks.
		In order to address the question of galaxy formation and evolution for the entire population, we would ideally want to trace the evolutionary history of galaxies (i.e., their star-forming history, chemical evolution, merging and morphological evolution) as a function of mass, redshift and environment.
		It is critical to understand and interpret the formation of galaxies in the context of structure formation and evolution.
	www.noao.edu /swift/proposal/node6.html (946 words)

	Science Staff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Galaxy formation and evolution; star-forming galaxies; stellar populations; star-formation histories; massive stars and ISM in starburst galaxies.
		Formation and evolution of large-scale structure in the universe, morphology and dynamics of galaxy groups, clusters, and superclusters, gravitational lensing, and observational cosmology.
		Formation and evolution of galaxies from the earliest epoch to the present.
	www.stsci.edu:8083 /institute/sd/students/staff/index_html?printable=1 (1923 words)

	Talk:Galaxy formation and evolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Almost all galaxies have an extrememly large fl hole at their center, or many tightly-packed neutron stars formed from collapsing supernovas over billions of years.
		Um, I think it is accepted that galaxies form around gravitationally unstable fluctuations in the initial distribution of mass in the universe.
		Merritt and Ferrarese's paper is about the apparent link between the mass of a central fl hole and the mass of the galaxy bulge within which they are located, and the correlation between the mass of the fl hole and the velocity dispersion of stars in the bulge.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Galaxy_formation_and_evolution (706 words)

	The world's top Astronomy websites
		Galaxy formation and evolution: the study of the formation of the galaxies, and their evolution.
		Star formation: the study of the condition and processes that led to the formation of stars in the interior of gas clouds, and the process of formation itself.
		The existence of our galaxy, the Milky Way, as a separate group of stars was only proven in the 20th century, along with the existence of "external" galaxies, and soon after, the expansion of the universe seen in the recession of most galaxies from us.
	www.websbiggest.com /dir-wiki.cfm/Astronomy (1745 words)

	Open Questions: Galaxy Formation, Structure, and Evolution
		GAIA: Composition, Formation and Evolution of the Galaxy
		Detailed report on galaxy formation and evolution, which is to be studied by the GAIA Mission of the Astrophysics Division of the European Space Agency.
		Observation of the most distant galaxies, which are seen in the distant past in the early universe, is helping the understanding of galaxy formation.
	www.openquestions.com /oq-co001.htm (1104 words)

	Galaxy formation and evolution Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The formation of galaxies is still is one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for their evolution.
		The earliest modern theory of the formation of our galaxy (known by astronomers as ELS, the initials of the authors of that paper) describes a single (relatively) rapid monolithic collapse, with the halo forming first, followed by the disk.
		After the discovery in the last decade that our own Milky Way has a satellite galaxy (the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, or SagDEG) which is currently gradually being ripped up and "eaten" by the Milky Way, it is thought these kinds of events may be quite common in the evolution of large galaxies.
	www.wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/g/ga/galaxy_formation_and_evolution.html (1403 words)

	Galaxy Formation and of the Large-Scale Structure Formation in the Universe
		Galaxy Formation and of the Large-Scale Structure Formation in the Universe
		Galaxies are the fundamental components of the structures observed in the universe.
		Scenarios for the formation and evolution of peculiar and dwarf galaxies
	astro.ft.uam.es /Docencia/Tercer_ciclo/cursos/GalStruct_en.html (509 words)

	Gas and Galaxy Evolution: Abstracts
		Clusters of galaxies are important for studies of galaxy evolution; the galaxy population in clusters is very different from the population in the field.
		Evidence for the presence of various phases of the interstellar medium in the halos of "normal" spiral galaxies is summarized and it is demonstrated that the presence of gaseous halos correlate with the star formation in the disk.
		The scientific applications of such a survey are numerous: studies of the systematics of rotation curves (and hence dark matter content) of galaxies as a function of galaxy type and luminosity, studies of the HI morphologies as a function of galaxy type and luminosity, studies of the stability of warps in the HI disks.
	www.aoc.nrao.edu /~mrupen/VLA2000/abstracts.shtml (16694 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The study of galaxy formation and evolution has made great progress the last ten years and we are now starting to understand the origin and evolution of the Hubble tuning fork diagram.
		In this talk I will begin with an overview of the field of galaxy formation and evolution at present, discussing different paradigms for galaxy formation and the most interesting observational result.
		I will then proceed to discuss recent observational results on galaxy evolution and show how a fairly consistent picture of when stars formed and galaxies assembled between z=1 and the present, can be constructed using HST imaging and K-band observations of field galaxies.
	www.astro.uio.no /ita/seminarer/brinchmann_16_6_00.html (115 words)

	UT Astronomy - Research
		Formation and evolution of galaxies; dynamics of stellar systems; study of supermassive fl holes.
		High-redshift galaxy surveys; galaxy formation and evolution; stellar populations and their evolution in galaxies.
		Structure and dynamics of galaxies; secular evolution of galaxies; galaxy formation and evolution.
	www.as.utexas.edu /astronomy/research/group_extragal.html (259 words)

	Galaxy Formation Research Home Page
		Galaxy Formation and the Intergalactic Medium Research Group
		Galaxy Formation and Number Counts in Lambda > 0 Friedmann Universes
		Formation and Evolution of Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos
	galileo.as.utexas.edu /research.html (231 words)

	MLW weilcv
		As significant strides are being made in gathering observational data on the methods and epochs of galaxy formation and evolution, the great potential offered by the new generation of computer simulation models must be complemented by a much tighter coupling between the simulations and actual observations.
		Studies of both cores and outer structure of galaxies, surveys of galaxy environments, and programs specifically designed to elucidate the role of mergers and accretion in galactic evolution provide observational evidence related to evolutionary effects.
		Galaxy and Globular Cluster Formation in Hierarchical Cosmologies
	fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us /~mweil/weilcv.html (840 words)

	Galaxy Formation: A Herculean Challenge
		Understanding the formation of galaxies, with their perplexing array of morphologies and scaling relations, is arguably one of the most important problem in cosmology today.
		The building blocks of cosmic structure, galaxies are relicts of a crucial stage in the assembly process of structure in the universe.
		Understanding their formation and evolution, therefore, is essential to developing a comprehensive theory of structure formation.
	www.pims.math.ca /birs/workshops/2003/03w5302 (358 words)

	ScienceDaily: Galaxy formation and evolution
		The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy evolution.
		A spectacular head-on collision between two galaxies is seen in this NASA Hubble Space Telescope true-color image of the Cartwheel Galaxy.
		After the Big Bang, the universe had a period when it was remarkably homogeneous, as can be observed in the Cosmic Microwave Background, the fluctuations of which are less than one part in one hundred thousand.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/galaxy_formation_and_evolution (2244 words)

	Programa99
		Star formation in the local universe: interactions and mergers, the hyper-luminous galaxies, dynamical modelling and simulations.
		The oldest objects in nearby galaxies formed long ago: they give insight into the chemical and dynamical conditions when the universe was young, and into the processes that were active during galaxy formation and the subsequent evolution.
		Radiosources as cosmic probes: mapping large-scale structure, determining evolution of gas and stars in elliptical galaxies, links with galaxy formation at high redshift, use in constraining cosmological parameters.
	www.iac.es /winters/1999/winschool99/Programas99.html (590 words)

	Jeffrey P. Gardner: Galaxy Formation
		Consequently, the understanding of galaxy formation, evolution, and interaction is essential in linking observational constraints, which come from baryonic matter in the form of galaxies, to cosmological theories, which describe dark matter.
		Despite this overwhelming importance, the uncertainty in modeling galaxies and thus their connection to the underlying dark-matter mass distribution remains the weakest link between astrophysical theory and astronomical observation.
		Galaxies themselves are extraordinarily complex systems where dynamical processes on scales less than a light-year have ramifications on scales upwards of 10,000 light-years.
	lahmu.phyast.pitt.edu /~gardner/Galaxy (853 words)

	Galaxy Formation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Processes for galaxies in the field are likely to be very different from processes from galaxies residing in clusters.
		Ages of formation and galaxy interactions will be strongly affected by the density of the environment of a galaxy, as well as differences in the interaction of a galaxy and its medium.
		If mergers play a role in the evolution of galaxies then it is important to distinguish between the epoch of the formation of the stars in the galaxies and the epoch of the assembly of the galaxy.
	www.aao.gov.au /local/www/sce/thesis/thesis/node48.html (269 words)

	Cowie et al. Galaxy Formation and Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The rest-frame K-band luminosity function and its evolution with redshift are described.
		The B-band counts at B ~ 24 are shown to be a mixture of normal galaxies at modest redshifts and galaxies undergoing rapid star formation, which have a wide range of masses and which are spread over the redshift interval from z = 0.2 to beyond z = 1.7.
		The luminosity functions, number counts, and color distributions at optical and IR wavelengths are discussed in terms of a consistent picture of the star-forming history of the galaxy sample.
	www.ifa.hawaii.edu /publications/preprints/96preprints/Cowie_96-34.html (210 words)

	Galaxy Formation and Evolution II
		This course will primarily focus on the understanding of the basic physical processes which are important for the formation of galaxies and especially the evolution of fluctuations in a "hot big bang".
		clusters of galaxies and galaxies) it is necessary to follow the development of the perturbations into the non-linear regime, where cooling processes become increasingly important.
		Furthermore the structure of galaxies at high redshift will be discussed and compared with the structure of nearby galaxies.
	www.astro.ku.dk /~michael/galform.html (584 words)

	Jet Propulsion Laboratory
		The hit song that proclaimed, "All we are is dust in the wind," may have some cosmic truth to it.
		The James Webb Space Telescope is designed to study the earliest galaxies and some of the first stars formed after the Big Bang.
		JPL is managing the development of the Mid Infrared Instrument, one of the three focal plane istruments on the infrared space telescope.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /stars_galaxies (511 words)

	The high-redshift Universe, galaxy formation and evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We are constructing theoretical and numerical models of galaxy formation within evolving galactic halos.
		We have an extensive observational programme on galaxy formation and the star formation history of the Universe, employing multi-wavelength survey techniques.
		Oliver is the project scientist of ELAIS (the European Large Area ISO Survey), which is undertaking an extensive multi-wavelength campaign aiming to make their selected regions of the sky the best-surveyed patches of sky.
	astronomy.sussex.ac.uk /groups/galform.html (113 words)

	ESO/USM/MPE Workshop on Multiwavelength Mapping of Galaxy Formation and Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		For the first time it is now possible to empirically map the evolution of galaxies through cosmic time, following their assembly, growth, ageing, and morphological metamorphosis and differentiation.
		The meeting is partly intended as the continuation of the workshop on "The Mass of Galaxies at Low and High Redshift", that was held in 2001 at the same venue.
		While the primary emphasis is placed on the phenomenology of galaxy evolution, the workshop is structured to allow time for the presentation of the latest theoretical attempts on the prediction and interpretation of the observations.
	www.eso.org /gen-fac/meetings/venice03 (280 words)

	Galaxy Formation and Evolution II - Curriculum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Galaxy Formation and Evolution II - Spring 2000
		Craig L. Sarazin: X-ray emissions from clusters of galaxies.
		[In J.M. Shull and H.A. Thronson, Jr.: The Environment and Evolution of Galaxies, p.383 -408].
	www.astro.ku.dk /~michael/curr2000.html (132 words)

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