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Topic: Galeaspida

	Galeaspida - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galeaspida (galeaspids) are an extinct taxon of jawless marine and freshwater fish and a subgroup of the class Cephalaspidomorphi.
		Galeaspida lived in shallow, fresh water and marine environments during the Silurian and Devonian times (430 to 370 million years ago).
		Galeaspida had a large opening on the dorsal surface of the head shield, which was connected to the pharynx and gill chamber.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galeaspida (242 words)

	Cephalaspidomorphi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some biologists no longer use the name Cephalaspidomorphi because relations among osteostraci and anaspida are unclear, and the affinities of the lampreys are also contested.
		Others have restricted the cephalaspidomorphs to include only groups more clearly related to the Osteostraci, such as Galeaspida and Pituriaspida, that were largely unknown in the 1920s.
		Many reference works still regard Cephalaspidomorphi as a Linnean class whose sole living representaties are the lampreys.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Osteostraci (259 words)

	Osteostraci
		In addition, there are peculiar "fields" (in fact, depressions of the braincase, covered with loose platelets of dermal bone), which have been regarded as either sense organs or electric organs.
		The mouth and gill openings are, like in the Galeaspida, situated on the ventral side of the head.
		Osteostracans resemble the Galeaspida and Pituriaspida in having a massive endoskeletal headshield, made up by cartilage (sometimes with globular calcifications) lined with a thin layer of cellular perichondral bone.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~rwhitmor/wman224/Links/Osteostraci.htm (1320 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: 50.400 Thelodonti: Cephalaspidomorphi
		In some sources, it meant a group consisting -- roughly -- of the Heterostraci and Osteostraci, the Galeaspida and Pituriaspida being largely unknown at the time.
		The Galeaspida are a strange group of armored fishes possessing a massive, flattened, one-piece bony shield.
		The dorsal shield was pierced by a single, large, nostril-like opening situated in the middle of the head in front of the eyes.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/050Thelodonti/050.400.html (600 words)

	Galeaspida
		The Galeaspida, or galeaspids, are a highly diversified group of fossil, armored, jawless vertebrates, which lived in Silurian and Devonian times (430 to 370 million years ago).
		The head of galeaspids is a massive endo- and exoskeletal shield, which is generally oval or horseshoe-shaped, but can be produced into large rostral and lateral processes.
		Janvier, P. The relationships of the Osteostraci and Galeaspida.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Galeaspida&contgroup=Vertebrata (1349 words)

	Vertebrata
		This tree diagram shows the relationships between several groups of organisms.
		The relationships of the various groups of "ostracoderms" has been the subject of considerable debate since the mid-nineteenth Century, and the theory of relationship proposed here is far from definitive, yet the best supported by the currently available data.
		Tree of Life design and icons copyright © 1995-2004 Tree of Life Project.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Vertebrata&contgroup=Craniata (1770 words)

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		Diagnosis: Both Thelodonti and Galeaspida display potntial synapomorphies with Gnathostomata and Osteostraci.
		Presence of scales with concentric layers of dentine and enamel surrounding a pulp cavity.
		Potential synapomorphies of Galeaspida, Osteostraci, and Gnathostomata include:
	www.geol.umd.edu /~jmerck/honr219d/cladogram/node/unnamed2.html (34 words)

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