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Topic: Galician language

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	Galician language, alphabet and pronunciation
		In fact, whether Galician and Portuguese are separate languages or dialects of the same language, is a question that has been hotly debated for decades, and is loaded with political and cultural implications.
		Galician emerged as a standardised literary language during the 19th century when there was a revival (rexurdimento) in the language and culture of Galicia.
		Galician language and literature is taught at all levels of education and there is a growing sense of pride in the Galician language and culture.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/galician.htm (405 words)

	Galician - The Galician language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician language, language that speaks to most of the inhabitants of the northwest of the Iberian peninsula, in the Spanish counties of TO Coruña, Lugo, Ourense and Pontevedra; as well as in the bordering and isolated areas of the counties of León, Asturias and Zamora.
		This language came from vulgar Latin that conformed to during the coexistence of the hispanorromanos and the German ones during the Visigothic dominance.
		The Galician is distinguished of the Portuguese, fundamentally and among other things, for the disappearance of the nasalidad vocálica, for the distinction of the phonemes s and z, in the existence of the phoneme palatal africado deaf ch and in the loss of s and sound j and of v labiodental.
	www.historia-es.com /usa/a_04_in_02.php (652 words)

	Galician language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician is considered by some to be a different written norm of a common language with Portuguese.
		Galician is taught at primary and secondary school and used at the universities in Galicia.
		This monopoly on spoken language was able to exert such pressure in the 13th century, that it led to a situation of dual official status for Galician and Latin in notarial documents, edicts, lawsuits, etc.; Latin, however, continued to be the universal vehicle for higher culture.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Galician_language (1738 words)

	Euromosaic - Galician (Gallego) in Spain
		Thereafter, Galician was to become the means of communication of a rural society while Portuguese was standardized on the basis of the Lisbon dialect and became the language of the royal court, and the divergences between the two were to grow ever more marked.
		In preschool education, although the use of Galician as the language of communication is compulsory for native speakers, only about 20% of children in nursery schools actually receive most of their instruction in Galician while 44% are taught partly in Galician.
		However, the Galician Government, in accordance with the Linguistic Standardization Act, organizes courses in Galician language and culture in places in Spain and abroad where there are sizeable Galician communities, as well as competitive examinations for the appointment of lecturers in Galician language and literature to foreign universities.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/gallec/an/i1/i1.html (3994 words)

	Galician language (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician (''Galego'') is a language variety of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia (in the Galician language, Galicia or Galiza), an autonomous community with the constitutional status of "historic nationality" and located in northwestern Spain, and in areas in the neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla-León.
		Galician is spoken by more than 3 million people: it is spoken by most of the people in Galicia as well as among the Many Galician immigrants in the rest of Spain (Madrid, Barcelona, Biscay), Iberoamerica (Buenos Aires, Montevideo, La Habana) and Europe (Andorra, Geneva, London).
		Due to its historical situation as a non-official language, for some authors the situation of language domination in Galicia could be called "diglossia", with Galician in the lower part of the continuum and Spanish language at the top, while for others the conditions for diglossia established by Ferguson are not met.
	galician-language.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (1173 words)

	Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician and Portuguese are in the theory the very same language, but they are in practice a bit different.
		Galician is Galicia's own language thanks to a people who have managed to maintain our language over the centuries as a sign of collective identity, in spite of the political obstacles placed by Spain.
		The cultural contribution of the Galician emigrants was not as great at first as the strength of the Galician associations in the different South American capitals with their mutual benefit and self-help approach.
	web.quipo.it /minola/galego/language.htm (1174 words)

	The Galego Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This Castillianized Galician is called "castrapo" by its detractors and defended by is speakers as the language of Galicia.
		A lot of the controversy surrounding Galician stems from the loss of the written form, which either died out in the natural process of cultural assimilation of Castillian or was actually banned by repressive governments like that of Francisco Franco.
		From the linguistic point of view, the boundaries of the Galician language are: Portuguese —in the South— and Astur-Leonese —in the East—.
	www.portcult.com /10.LANG11_galego.2.htm (1265 words)

	Portuguese_language - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The closest language to Portuguese is Galician, spoken in the autonomous community of Galicia (northwestern Spain).
		It left a strong influence on the língua brasílica, a Tupi-Guarani language which was the most widely spoken in Brazil until the 18th century, and on the language spoken around Sikka in Flores Island, Indonesia.
		The earliest surviving records of a distinctively Portuguese language are administrative documents of the 9th century, still interspersed with many Latin phrases.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Portuguese_language (4163 words)

	Bug ID: 5104387 Support for gl_ES locale (galician language)
		As is in ISO 639 standart: ISO Galician gl LANG_GALICIAN.
		Galician is considered as an official language by Spanish kingdom and international comunity.
		Galician is a official language in Spain, there is support for other languages in the same situation (not necessary official languages at the European Union).
	bugs.sun.com /bugdatabase/view_bug.do?bug_id=5104387 (466 words)

	Galician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But further as Galicia was ruled by Spanish kings, the languages became separate.
		In official spheres in Galicia Spanish (Castilian) was spreading very fast, and Galician could be used only in private life.
		Nowadays more than 4 million people speak Galician as the first language, and it is one of the official languages of Galicia as an autonomous region.
	www.flw.com /languages/galician.htm (125 words)

	Galician language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician and Portuguese are the two branches of a dead common language which was spoken in Lusitania and Galicia until it was to break in two in the 15th century.
		The linguistic borders between Galician, Spanish and Portuguese are very flexible, and some local dialects can seem distant from the literary tongue.
		In phonetics Galician resembles Spanish very much: no phoneme [z], nasal vowels present, there are sounds like English [sh] and its voiceless [th], the "thorn".
	indoeuro.bizland.com /tree/ital/galician.html (221 words)

	Galician language and culture
		There is a strong feeling in the Galician community spread all over the world for the need of a forum where they, and other people, can exchange information about Galicia, her culture, and the future development of the country.
		First Language As the data provided by the SLMP indicate, Galician is the first language of the majority of the population.
		The Galician Institute was founded by Kathleen March in Fall 1994 to serve as a clearinghouse for information related to Galician Studies.
	www.lonweb.org /link-galician.htm (1538 words)

	Galician Translation Services - Translators English/GalicianGreen Crescent Translations
		Galician to English Translations - Experienced bi-lingual translators and proofreaders with extensive experience and a confirmed ability to translate effectively from the Galician language.
		Galician (Galego) is a language form with roots in the Western Ibero-Romance group of languages spoken by the Galician community in northwestern Spain.
		Galician was regarded to be a provincial language and was not widely utilized in literary works or in academia until the mid-1800s when it began to separate and form a distinct identity from its parent language, Portuguese.
	www.greentranslations.com /galician-translation.html (271 words)

	FROM JOYCE TO ROWLING: TRANSLATING LITERATURE IN GALICIA TODAY
		At home, only my father would speak it once in a while, and only when my mother was absent as she though her native language was only for backward and ignorant people.
		Departing from the Galician case-study, constitutional and legal texts will be compared, taking into account the recognition of language pluralism and also the public actions and policies (status and acquisition planning, language bills) undertaken to guarantee the survival of this linguistic pluralism.
		On the other hand, the situation of Galician language as a minoritised one is a determinant of the very existence of this literature.
	www.uiowa.edu /~mmla/Abstracts2005/galicianstudies.htm (782 words)

	Galician - Language Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician is a Romance Language, that belongs to the Iberianromance family of languages.
		After the separation of Portuguese and Galician, Galician was considered provincial and was not widely used for literary or academic purposes until the mid 1800s, and during the Franco regime in Spain it was heavily repressed.
		Language and cultural activism has to struggle not only against growing assimilation to Spanish but also against cultural globalization.
	language-directory.50webs.com /languages/galician.htm (256 words)

	Learn Galician Online - Write or Speak in Galician Language Exchange
		A language exchange complements other forms of learning such as classroom, cultural immersion and multimedia, because you get to practice all that you have learned with native speakers in a safe and supportive environment.
		Language exchange learning is also inexpensive because we provide free tips and conversation lesson plans that allow you to do a language exchange on your own.
		Add your profile to the language exchange community and let others contact you to for language exchange learning.
	www.mylanguageexchange.com /Learn/Galician.asp (946 words)

	LINGUIST List 6.1465: Language/Dialect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician and Portuguese were the same ^^^^ > language initially; but for centuries they have been evolving in > separate directions.
		I think that, after this process, a speaker with the right disposition (that is, with an open language attitude) soon concludes that he or she and the interlocutor are indeed speaking "the same thing".
		Nowadays a widespread view is that Galizan is a 'social language', that is, that is is not merely an underprivileged, corrupt social dialect of Spanish.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/6/6-1465.html (2061 words)

	Galician language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galician and Portuguese are the two branches of one common dead language which was spoken in Lusitania and Galicia until it broke into two in the 15th century.
		In phonetics Galician resembles Spanish much: no phoneme [z], nasal vowels present, there are sound looking like English [sh] and voiceless [th].
		The significant feature is the absence of analytic verb forms in Galician.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/galician.html (183 words)

	THE Galician Language - Indymedia Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galizians lacking the democratic tradition for the institutions and the education of the people on its own culture, history and language after 400 years of Spanish colonialism, are denied the power of clever decisions and choices.
		Franco was a galician, and the majority of galicians are proud of this fact.
		I´m Galician and the BNG and its militants were an essential part of Nunca Mais.
	www.indymedia.ie /newswire.php?story_id=66302 (1897 words)

	Galician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the second half of the 14th century, after producing a splendid literature, the language split into Galician and Portuguese, for historical and political reasons.
		It became the co-official language of Galicia in 1981 but it is also spoken in areas of Asturias and Castilla-León.
		Approximately two million people speak Galician, although due to its similarity to Castilian and the multiple interferences derived from a practically universal bilingualism, it is very difficult to make an exact calculation.
	www.sispain.org /english/language/language/galician.html (198 words)

	Association of Language Testers in Europe - ALTE
		The department’s most relevant tasks are to promote the use of the Galician language in the different social and economic fields of Galicia, and to create legislative proposals in order to foster linguistic normalization.
		Its policies are stipulated in the agreements that constitute the General Plan for the Normalization of the Galician Language (Plan Xeral de Normalización da Lingua Galega).
		This plan, approved in 2004, includes a series of proposals that are in favour of promoting the Galician language and allows the opportunity for Galicians to maintain their oral identity under the protection of the laws and institutions.
	www.alte.org /members/galician/index.php (280 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Galician Spelling Problem. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Galicia is an autonomous region in the NW of Spain, where, alongside Castilian (=standard Spanish), the Galego (=Galician) language is spoken.
		This Romance language formed a linguistic unity with Portuguese ('Galego-Portugués') in the Middle Ages, when a rich literature in that language flourished, especially in the reign of Alfonso X 'El Sabio' ('the wise' 1252-84).
		From a sociolinguistic point of view, planners have to cope with the problem of acceptance: due to geographic and cultural rivalry, Galician users are not generally in favour of adopting a system with 'Portuguese connotations', as this is felt as a threat to their national identity.
	www.spellingsociety.org /journals/j20/galician.php (433 words)

	Ethnologue report for language code:glg
		Galician is between Portuguese and Spanish, but closer to Portuguese.
		It has had many decades of development as a language of serious literature, including poetry, essays on novel, ideological, philosophical, and sociological topics, and for all levels of education, including higher education.
		A growing sense of ethnic identity and of the Galician language.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=glg (164 words)

	Spanish and Portuguese - UCSB
		The Center for Galician Studies is directed by the Department of Spanish and Portuguese.
		Its mission is to disseminate Galician Language and Culture through yearly series of Lectures on Galician Studies (including Literature, Language, Linguistics, and Politics), its growing library collection, and also courses focusing on Galician Language and Literature.
		A Database of Medieval Manuscripts in Galician and Portuguese.
	www.spanport.ucsb.edu /center_galician (160 words)

	Galacian (Spanish) Keyboard Overlays
		The Galician overlay uses the Spanish keyboard layout as used in Spain.
		The overlays are printed on clear Lexan® so the original key legend shows through; this allows you to have a bilingual keyboard by adding this language to your existing keyboard.
		This language is supported in Windows XP, ME, 98, and 95; if a version of Windows does not have a Galician language, the user can select the Spanish (Traditional) keyboard layout.
	www.datacal.com /dce/galician-overlays.htm (472 words)

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