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Topic: Galileo spacecraft

	Galileo (spacecraft) - MSN Encarta
		Galileo’s magnetometer sensors, designed to measure planetary magnetic fields, are mounted on a boom 11 m (36 ft) in length to escape interference from the spacecraft.
		In 1991 the spacecraft’s umbrella-like, high-gain antenna failed to open completely, and scientists were forced to rely on a smaller antenna that transmits information 100 times slower than the larger antenna.
		Galileo has revealed that the three moons Ganymede, Europa, and Io have fairly strong magnetic fields, which means that the moons probably have cores of liquid metal.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761580672/Galileo_(spacecraft).html (1002 words)

	Galileo
		Galileo's main mission was to explore Jupiter and its moons and rings.
		Galileo determined that Jupiter's rings are formed from dust hurled up by meteor impacts on planet's the inner moons.
		Galileo was the first spacecraft to fly by an asteroid when it passed Gaspra in 1991.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/space_missions/galileo.html (420 words)

	:: NASA Quest > Archives :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Galileo spacecraft was carried into space by the shuttle Atlantis on October 18, 1989.
		Galileo is also the first spacecraft to encounter an asteroid and to photograph an asteroid's moon.
		Galileo spent the first three years of its journey making flybys of Venus and Earth before it was ready to swing outward toward Jupiter.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /galileo/About/sc.html (553 words)

	Galileo Spacecraft Plunges Into Jupiter
		The unmanned spacecraft, traveling at nearly 108,000 mph, was torn apart and vaporized by the heat and friction of its fall through the clouds after it dove into the atmosphere at 2:57 p.m.
		Galileo is the first planetary spacecraft NASA has intentionally destroyed since it steered the Lunar Prospector into the Earth's moon in 1999.
		The largest challenge of the Galileo mission was the loss of the use of the spacecraft's umbrella-like main antenna, which failed to unfurl two years after its 1989 launch.
	www.ufocasebook.com /galileo.html (691 words)

	Galileo to Jupiter
		The Galileo spacecraft was designed to study Jupiter's atmosphere, satellites, and surrounding magnetosphere for two years.
		These gravity-assist encounters provided Galileo with the opportunity to conduct brief scientific observations of Venus, at closest approach on February 10, 1990, and of Earth and the Moon, with closest approaches on December 8, 1990 and December 8, 1992.
		The Galileo spacecraft and its Inertial Upper Stage booster rocket were deployed from the space shuttle Atlantis October 18, 1989.
	www.solarviews.com /eng/galileo.htm (1045 words)

	Galileo (spacecraft) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The spacecraft was controlled by a RCA 1802 Cosmac microprocessor CPU, clocked at about 1.6 MHz, and fabricated on sapphire (Silicon on Sapphire) which is a radiation-and static-hardened material ideal for spacecraft operation.
		The EUV is mounted on the spun section of the spacecraft.
		The Galileo spacecraft identified the global structure and dynamics of a giant planet's magnetosphere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Galileo_spacecraft (5037 words)

	Galileo Project Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The trajectory which the spacecraft followed was called a VEEGA (Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist), traveling first in toward the Sun for a gravity assist from Venus before encountering the Earth two times (spaced two years apart).
		Although Galileo was not the first mission to explore Jupiter (actually, it is the sixth), it has established a number of "firsts" during its journey.
		Galileo and the Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact on Jupiter
	nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov /planetary/galileo.html (810 words)

	Galileo Mission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Launched on October 19, 1989, the Galileo spacecraft was designed for a study of Jupiter.
		Galileo has been boosted in its journey by gravity-assist maneuvers around Venus in 1990, around the Earth in 1990 and 1992, and around the asteroid Gaspra in 1991.
		The Jupiter probe was separated from the spacecraft in July, 1995 in preparation for the encounter with Jupiter in December.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/solar/galileo.html (348 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Galileo \| Galileo spacecraft crashes into Jupiter
		After Galileo's prime mission came to an end in December 1997, the spacecraft was granted a two-year extension - known as the Galileo Europa Mission, because its main purpose was to delve deeper into the secrets of the mysterious ice world.
		Galileo's first colour image of Io was taken on June 25, 1996 at a distance of 2.2 million km (1.4 million miles).
		Galileo's near-infrared spectrometer was also able to detect dry, hot spots where the deeper atmosphere was visible through localised thinning of the main cloud deck.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /galileo/030921galileogone.html (1815 words)

	Galileo-Galileo
		In 1589, Galileo was appointed to the chair in mathematics in Pisa.
		Galileo used his knowledge of optics to design such an instrument for himself, and his technical skill was such that his own telescope was far better than that of the Dutchman Fleming.
		By then, of course, Galileo had been dead for 350 years (he died on 8 January, 1642) and the spacecraft Galileo had been whizzing round the inner planets of the heliocentric solar system for three years prior to heading off toward Jupiter at the start of 1993.
	www.maa.org /devlin/devlin_09_03.html (1659 words)

	The New Yorker: Fact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Galileo may be able to confirm the existence of a rocky ring close to the planet—a feature that has long been suspected.
		Galileo had been specifically designed for shuttle deployment; after the explosion of the space shuttle Challenger in January, 1986, a newly safety-conscious nasa had decided that the orbiter’s original, liquid-fuelled booster—which was more powerful but also potentially more dangerous than a solid-fuel device—couldn’t be lofted alongside the shuttle’s human cargo.
		Galileo’s handlers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory realized that it would be necessary to store all the incoming images and other scientific data gathered by its instruments during its flybys of Jupiter’s moons.
	www.newyorker.com /fact/content/?030908fa_fact (4460 words)

	NASA - Galileo End of Mission Status
		The spacecraft was purposely put on a collision course with Jupiter because the onboard propellant was nearly depleted and to eliminate any chance of an unwanted impact between the spacecraft and Jupiter's moon Europa, which Galileo discovered is likely to have a subsurface ocean.
		It was the first spacecraft to dwell in a giant planet's magnetosphere long enough to identify its global structure and to investigate the dynamics of Jupiter's magnetic field.
		Galileo determined that Jupiter's ring system is formed by dust kicked up as interplanetary meteoroids smash into the planet's four small inner moons.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/solarsystem/galileo_final.html (802 words)

	NASA readies Galileo spacecraft for Jupiter disintegration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		NASA technicians are setting the agency's Galileo spacecraft on its final path Monday as they aim the eight-year mission onto a collision course with the planet Jupiter.
		Galileo, which has captured breathtaking images of Jupiter and its moons since 1995, is scheduled to break apart as it enters Jupiter's atmosphere Sunday.
		Galileo was the first spacecraft that directly measured with a probe the atmosphere of Jupiter -- the largest planet in the Earth's solar system -- and was the first to carry out longterm observations from orbit.
	www.spacedaily.com /2003/030916004343.dqoiuj04.html (393 words)

	Spacecraft
		The spacecraft, built by the Naval Research Lab, was launched on January 25 1994 to a 425 km by 2950 km orbit of the Moon for a 2 month mapping mission.
		In early May the spacecraft was to have been sent out of lunar orbit toward a flyby of the asteroid 1620 Geographos but a failure prevented the attempt.
		Galileo was deliberately crashed in to Jupiter in 2003 to prevent any possibility that it might crash into Europa and contaminate any life that might be there.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/spacecraft.html (3254 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Galileo Legacy Site
		The spacecraft was deliberately destroyed to protect one of its own discoveries - a possible ocean beneath the icy crust of the moon Europa.
		The spacecraft was the first to fly past an asteroid and the first to discover a moon of an asteroid.
		Galileo was the first to measure Jupiter's atmosphere with a descent probe and the first to conduct long-term observations of the Jovian system from orbit.
	galileo.jpl.nasa.gov (158 words)

	NASA - Surprising Jupiter Busy Galileo spacecraft showed jovian system is full of surprises.
		In 1994 the spacecraft was in the right place at the right time and made the only direct observation of a comet impacting a planet.
		Galileo also determined that Jupiter's ring system is formed by dust kicked up as interplanetary meteoroids smash into the planet's four small inner moons.
		But Galileo Galilei, the first modern astronomer, would be immensely proud of the discoveries made by the spacecraft that carries his name.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/solarsystem/galileo_end.html (857 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Crash plan for Galileo spaceprobe
		Galileo, the $1.5bn Nasa spacecraft exploring Jupiter and its moons, may be deliberately crashed in 2002.
		Galileo Project Manager Jim Erickson confirmed that the space agency is considering plunging the spacecraft into Jupiter, its moon Io or another icy satellite, other than Europa.
		Galileo was launched in 1989 from the space shuttle Atlantis and travelled 4.3 billion kilometres (2.7 billion miles) before entering orbit around Jupiter in December 1995.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/664834.stm (325 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Galileo \| The Galileo spacecraft
		The Galileo orbiter weighed 2,223 kilograms at launch (2-1/2 tons) and measured 5.3 meters (17 feet) from the top of the low-gain antenna to the bottom of the probe.
		Most spacecraft are stabilized in flight either by spinning around a major axis, or by maintaining a fixed orientation in space, referenced to the Sun and another star.
		Galileo's descent probe had a mass of 339 kilograms (750 pounds), and included a deceleration module to slow and protect the descent module.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /galileo/030920spacecraft.html (870 words)

	Space Today Online - Exploring Jupiter System - the Galileo mission
		Galileo was ordered to coast for seven months, then transmit a final few hours of science measurements in real time, before a September 21, 2003, plunge into Jupiter's atmosphere.
		In the years since astronauts deployed Galileo from the cargo bay of shuttle Atlantis in 1989, the spacecraft produced a string of discoveries about asteroids, a fragmented comet, Jupiter's atmosphere, Jupiter's magnetic environment, and the geologic diversity of Jupiter's four largest moons.
		Galileo's mission was extended a total of three times to take advantage of the spacecraft's extraordinary durability.
	www.spacetoday.org /SolSys/Jupiter/GalileoMission.html (933 words)

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		Hours later, the spacecraft was deployed in space and sent on a five year odyssey that would take the spacecraft past Venus once and Earth twice in route to study the giant planet Jupiter, its moons, rings and other phenomena for at least two years.
		Extensive analysis of the spacecraft’s telemetry, along with ground tests on a spare antenna, suggested that the pins on three of the antenna’s 18 ribs were stuck to the antenna mast; the result of friction between the standoff pins and their sockets.
		Galileo sailed by the asteroid Ida in the summer of 1993 during its transit through the asteroid belt.
	www.seds.org /node/galileo.html (1674 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science/Health -- By Jove, NASA's Galileo spacecraft enters Jupiter in suicide plunge
		The unmanned spacecraft, traveling at nearly 108,000 mph, was torn apart in a plunge into the planet's atmosphere at 11:57 PDT Sunday, ending its 14-year, $1.5 billion exploration of Jupiter and its moons.
		NASA opted to crash the 3,000-pound Galileo, whose onboard store of fuel was soon to be depleted, in order to avoid the possibility it would crash into the watery moon Europa and contaminate it with any microbes harbored aboard the spacecraft.
		Despite being plagued by glitches, Galileo was one of NASA's most fruitful missions, discovering the first moon of an asteroid, witnessing the impact of a comet into Jupiter and providing firm evidence of salty oceans on three of the planet's moons.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20030922-0000-ca-galileosend.html (550 words)

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