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	Gall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Galls are proliferations of cell tissue in plants and can be caused by various parasites, from fungi and bacteria, to insects and mites.
		Although insect galls can be found on a variety of parts of the plant, such as the leaves, stalks, branches, buds, roots or even flowers, gall-inducing insects are fairly particular about which tissue of the plants or what kind of plants they make galls on.
		Galls are rich in resins and tannic acid and have been used in the manufacture of permanent inks and astringent ointments, in dyeing, and in tanning.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gall (321 words)

	Gall Mites of Deciduous Trees
		Mites are minute often microscopic relatives of spiders many of which feed on a variety of plants and trees.
		The tiny mites generally pass unnoticed but their damage, commonly in the form of galls, knobs, bumps, or patches of colorful sugary-like material is readily apparent and provokes inquiries.
		Other mite damage on foliage is in the form of a reddish or yellowish sugar-like surface coating or erineum on the surface of maple leaves.
	www.state.me.us /doc/mfs/gallmite.htm (569 words)

	ccfuchsia5.html
		Resistance to fuchsia gall mite is a quantitative response, not qualitative.
		Gall mite populations spread readily over most growing points on the plant, causing disorganization of growth (galls: fusion of leaves and stems in twisted, curled tissue masses).
		Merely growing fuchsias in areas where gall mites are present cannot be used as a reliable test of resistance because of many chance factors which may affect the frequency of gall mite populations.
	www.ccfuchsia.net /ccfuchsia5.htm (4309 words)

	Poplar bud gall mite - Northern Forestry Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Adult mites attack buds and unfolding leaf clusters in the spring; mites sucking the sap from the tissue cause further twig growth to stop and cauliflower-like swellings (galls) to form.
		Trees affected with poplar bud gall mite lose their aesthetic value quickly because new galls are formed every year and old ones sometimes last on the tree for 5 or more years.
		The adult poplar bud gall mite is a wormlike organism so tiny (0.2 mm in length) that it is invisible te, the naked eye.
	www.nofc.forestry.ca /publications/leaflets/poplar_gallmite_e.html (622 words)

	Biological Control of Weeds - Agents - Eriophyes chondrillae
		Mite transfer to new buds, either on the same or adjacent plants, depends on the ambient humidity, (they die within 2-3 days when the R.H is below 40-50% at 25° C) and on the density of rush skeletonweed.
		In southern Oregon, deutogyne formation is triggered by gall death at the end of the summer and the lack of rosettes until the fall rains.
		A Greek mite strain was particularly effective on the Australia rush skeleton weed form A. At some sites with mixed A and B forms, a few mite galls were found on form B. These were reared in the laboratory on Form B for 48 to 72 generation and then released.
	res2.agr.ca /lethbridge/weedbio/agents/aeriocho_e.htm (971 words)

	North Carolina Pest News - Ornamentals and Turf
		Mites are tiny arthropods that insert their minute, scissor-like mouthparts into needles, leaves and petals, inject saliva, and suck out the contents of the plant cells.
		Eriophyoid mites tend to be rust mites, erineum mites and gall mites.
		The juniper tip dwarf mite is a microscopic animal that feeds by piercing the needles or buds of junipers with microscopic scissors-like mouthparts and injecting its saliva.
	ipm.ncsu.edu /current_ipm/97PestNews/97News9/ornament.html (1039 words)

	Insect and Mite Galls on Plants
		Galls are abnormal swellings of plant tissue caused by insects, bacteria, fungi, mites, and nematodes.
		Galls are caused by the abnormal growth of plant cells and serve as a means of obtaining food and shelter for the developing insects.
		Galls are thought to be formed when chemicals are secreted by the insect and these react with certain plant chemicals to produce the abnormal plant growth.
	www.wvu.edu /~agexten/ipm/insects/insectga.htm (609 words)

	Insect and Mite Galls
		Galls are abnormal plant growths caused by various organisms (insects, mites, nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses).
		Gall formation generally occurs during the accelerated growth period (late spring) of new leaves, shoots, flowers, etc. Mature plant tissues are usually unaffected by gall-inducing organisms.
		6) on maple, viburnum, birch, and linden, and a bud gall on birch (Fig.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/horticulture/DG1009.html (1374 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Insect and Mite Galls
		Galls may be simple enlargements or swellings of stems or leaves, or highly complex novelties of plant anatomy, but they are always specific to the gall former.
		The identity of the gall maker is usually possible by examining the structure and form of the gall.
		An option, especially for galls on twigs, is to tie a sleeve of cheese-cloth or muslin around the area to capture the insects that emerge from the galls.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/buginfo/galls.htm (792 words)

	IPM : Landscape and Turf : Gall Mites of Maple (Vasates spp.) and (Eriopyhes spp.)
		IPM : Landscape and Turf : Gall Mites of Maple (Vasates spp.) and (Eriopyhes spp.)
		The galls are usually a brilliant red and may resemble a bladder, spindle, or a dense mass of hairy or bead-like growths called erinea (0.15 mm in diameter).
		The maple bladder gall mite is most common on silver maple but also common on red maple.
	www.ipm.uiuc.edu /landturf/insects/gall_mites (243 words)

	Common Insect Pests of Trees and Shrubs in North Dakota
		To make a positive diagnosis that mites are present, hold a piece of white paper below the part of the plant suspected to be infested; tap the plant to dislodge dust and mites.
		Galls are abnormal growths on leaves, twigs and flowers, appearing as warts, bumps, or balls and are caused by insects and mites.
		Galls are bladderlike, red, and found on the top side of leaves.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/trees/e296w.htm (2628 words)

	GALLS
		Roly-poly galls are caused by gall wasps in the genus Andricus and are called roly-poly because the wasp grub develops in a seedlike shell that lies loose inside the hollow gall, so that if the gall is shaken, it rolls around.
		This gall (the swelling at the end of an otherwise green, slender stem) is caused by a member of the Diptera order (flies, mosquitoes...
		It's the Hackberry Nipple Gall, and that's a Hackberry leaf the galls are on.
	www.backyardnature.net /galls.htm (1884 words)

	Plant Galls
		Mite galls that form on leaves may discolour or distort foliage, and even though the leaves drop in the fall, the mite infestation may return.
		Mites produce galls by injecting or altering the normal growth hormones of the plant, by their feeding.
		Typically the galls are most plentiful early in the year on new growth and foliage, and primarily found in close proximity to the trunk.
	www.gardenline.usask.ca /pests/galls.html (745 words)

	Eriophyid Mite Damage on Ash
		Galls on ash trees are caused by microscopic eriophyid mites.
		Mite galls that form on leaves can discolour or distort foliage, and even though the leaves drop in the fall, the mite infestation may return.
		It is much easier to identify a gall mite infestation by the distortion of leaves and flowers, rather than by trying to find the mites.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/CoopExt/4DMG/Pests/emite1.htm (158 words)

	Leaf Galls on Maple - Penn State Entomology Department Fact Sheet
		Eriophyid mites that infest maple foliage overwinter as adults under bark scales and other protected sites on the host tree where they are able to withstand severe weather conditions.
		Eriophyid mites that are responsible for the formation of bladder galls and spindle galls feed on the lower leaf surface.
		Feeding by eriophyid mites appears to stimulate the formation of galls on the upper and lower surface of the leaves.
	www.ento.psu.edu /extension/factsheets/gallsOnMaple.htm (629 words)

	Leaf Gall Mite
		Gall mites are microscopic members of the arachnid (spider and mite) family.
		Gall mites cause disfiguring galls in plant tissues when they feed on leaves, flowers or stems.
		Gall mites are not the only cause of galls on plants.
	www.astrographics.com /GalleryPrintsIndex/GP2029.html (242 words)

	Maple Gall Mites--Entomology Leaflet 6
		The two common types of eriophyid mite galls are the globular to spindle-shaped leaf galls and the felt-like leaf erinea.
		The mites begin feeding as soon as leaf expansion begins, stimulating abnormal plant cell growth, and causing 1/16 to 1/8 inch galls on the upper leaf surfaces.
		Boxelder Erineum gall mites (E. negundi Hodgkiss) cause a deforming of the upper surface of box elder leaves with peculiar wart-like swellings and pocket erinea formation on the under surface of the leaf.
	www.uvm.edu /extension/publications/el/el6.htm (855 words)

	eb1711 Maple Bladder Gall Mite
		Maple bladder gall mites are approximately 1/125 inch in length and cannot be seen with the naked eye.
		Galls are green when first forming, then turn red, and finally fl as the season progresses.
		As a gall becomes larger, a cavity forms inside it with an opening on the lower surface of the leaf.
	cru.cahe.wsu.edu /CEPublications/eb1711/eb1711.html (374 words)

	Maple Gall Mite
		Maple Gall Mites are tiny cousins of spiders which make galls on maple leaves.
		The bladder galls are green at first, turning red and then fl.
		The mites munch on newly-forming leaves, and as the leaves grow, leaf tissue grows out and forms a gall around each mite.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/maple_gall_mite.htm (266 words)

	Maple Bladder Gall, Spindle Gall and Gouty Vein Gall, HYG-2004-95
		The gall appears as thin, elongate bladders arising from the leaf upper surface.
		The galls are caused by the larvae of a small gnat-like midge, Dasyneura communis Felt.
		Both the maple bladder gall and maple spindle gall mites overwinter as free living mites under loosened bark and around the callous growth of wounds, scars and pruned branches.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2004.html (1092 words)

	Fuchsia Gall Mite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		When the mite feeds it inject saliva into the leaves and they get this swollen distorted look, a little like peach leaf curl.
		Fuchsia gall mite seems to be much worse in cool weather.
		Think about it....the gall mite has a 21 day life and the gestation period for baby mites is 4 days.
	www.weidners.com /fuchsia_gall_mite..htm (622 words)

	Horticultural Inquiries
		Galls are colorful and unusual deformities of plant tissue ranging in shape, size and appearance and can form on leaves, buds, petioles, flowers, twigs and branches.
		One example is the oak bullet gall wasp, which forms a cluster of circular galls on oak branches.
		Ash trees are commonly seen infested with the ash flower gall mite, which creates galls on flowers that become very conspicuous in the winter.
	www.umanitoba.ca /afs/hort_inquiries/deciduous_ornamentals/insect_mite_galls.html (513 words)

	Eriophyid Mites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Flower galls on ash and poplar trees, leaf galls on elm, maple, linden, basswood, birch, poplar and cherries are all caused by microscopic mites.
		As the mite gall cause no serious damage, no treatment is necessary except for aesthetic reasons.
		The 'Northwest' poplar is particularly susceptible to gall mite.
	gardenline.usask.ca /pests/eriophyi.html (528 words)

	Horticultural Inquiries
		These galls are large, abnormal masses that can be unsightly and persist on the infected trees throughout the winter and often for up to two years.
		Mites can move short distances on a tree but are also spread by wind or debris.
		Mites must have developing green growth to feed on and to multiply, making most of the damage occur in the spring.
	www.umanitoba.ca /afs/hort_inquiries/deciduous_ornamentals/ash_flower_gall.html (295 words)

	Aculops fuchsiae
		Gardeners suspecting fuchsia gall mite should cut off an affected part of the plant, place it in a Zip Lock bag, and seek assistance from a local fuchsia group.
		Dispersal of fuchsia gall mites is done by the wind, insects, birds and especially by gardeners handling an infected plant and moving on to another-- with the mites hitchhiking on hands, clothes, hair…
		IF there is a minimum temperature under which gall mites cannot survive, we will know if infestations will be a continual problem or just a ‘warm winter’ one.
	www.nwfuchsiasociety.com /mites.htm (1135 words)

	Feltiella acarisuga
		To determine when spider mite populations will support the gall midge take a sample from a spider mite infested leaf by striking the leaf on a white sheet of paper or cardboard.
		However the predaceous mites may feed on the midges eggs when prey numbers are low or when there are high numbers of predatory mites near midge colonies.
		Spider mites that are killed by the gall-midge shrivel up and become brown or fl.
	www.homestead.com /ipmofalaska/files/Feltiella.html (618 words)

	Maple Bladder Gall Mite
		Maple bladder gall mites are most common on silver maple and to a lesser extent, red maple.
		The mites feed on the underside of the leaves which then form the galls that enclose the mites.
		The mites lay eggs which hatch and the offspring go to other leaves and cause formation of new galls.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /gardening/garden/01701256.shtml (187 words)

	[No title]
		The Bladder Gall Mite (Vesates quadripedes) grows on silver maples and is round in shape.
		A gall is formed around the mites with a hole remaining on the underside.
		Galls occur on several other trees (cherry, linden, beech, poplar etc.) but are caused by different mites.
	web.extension.uiuc.edu /cook/downloads/1281.doc (759 words)

	Royal Horticultural Society - Gardening Advice: Lime Nail Gall Mite
		Strange growths on the leaves of plants are often caused by microscopic gall mites.
		Only limes are affected by this mite; similar growths on other trees are due to other gall-forming organisms.
		Fortunately, this mite causes no damage, apart from creating the galls, so its presence should be tolerated.
	www.rhs.org.uk /advice/profiles0704/lime_nail_gall_mite.asp (193 words)

	Ash Flower Gall
		These tiny mites (about 0.5 mm long) feed on the male flower clusters of ash early in the season, transforming the male flowers into irregular, fringed masses.
		As with most galls, the Ash Flower Gall is unsightly but does not harm the health of the tree.
		The mites are also difficult to control because they are able enter the flower bud before it is visibly open.
	www.oznet.ksu.edu /dp_hfrr/extensn/problems/Ash_Flower_Gall.htm (161 words)

	Woody Plant Pests
		This gall was discovered to be abundant in Williston and sporadically in other areas primarily on small to medium sized oaks.
		Because the galls persist on the trees for up to five years, the resulting accumulation of galls is very unsightly.
		Western gall rust was found in pine plantations in McHenry, Bottineau, Pembina, Mercer and Morton counties; several shelterbelts scattered throughout the state; and in native ponderosa pine in Slope County.
	www.ag.ndsu.edu /trees/handbook/ndhand-6.htm (2316 words)

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