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Topic: Gallic Empire

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Constantine II (emperor)

Western Roman Empire

Year of the Four Emperors

Victorinus

Roman Empire

Tetrarchy

Postumus

Leo I (emperor)

Concise List of Roman Emperors

Crisis of the Third Century

Gallienus

Roman Emperors

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List of German Kings and Emperors

Censor

	Roman Empire - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Roman Empire is not the the Holy Roman Empire (843–1806).
		The Eastern half of the Empire, centered around Constantinople, the city of Constantine the Great, remained the heartland of the Roman state until 1453, when the Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks.
		After 35 years of this, the Empire was on the verge of death, and only the military skill of Aurelian, one of Rome's greatest emperors, restored the empire to its natural boundaries.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Roman_Empire (4638 words)

	Western Roman Empire
		Once again the Roman Empire was ruled by a single ruler, but with the death of Constantine in 337, civil war erupted between his three sons, dividing the Empire into three parts.
		It was during this period that the two empires truly diverged, as the east began a slow recovery and consolidation, the west began to collapse entirely.
		In 410, Rome was sacked for the first time since the Gallic invasions of the 4th Century BC, and in effect as the military order of the western empire unraveled it ceased to be Roman and became barbarian.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Western_Roman_Empire (2359 words)

	The Gallic Empire
		The so reduced remains of the Gallic empire were inherited by the unlikely figure of Marius.
		After the fall of the Gallic Empire Domitianus was punished for treason by emperor Aurelian.
		The circumstances surrounding the end of the Gallic empire though are shrouded in mystery.
	www.roman-empire.net /decline/gallic.html (1295 words)

	Western Roman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 259, Emperor Valerian I was captured by Shapur I of Persia, a ruler of the Sassanid dynasty.
		What is notable is that Constantius II focused most of his power in the East, and that he is often regarded as the first Emperor of the Byzantine Empire, as it was under his rule that the city of Byzantium, only recently refounded as Constantinople, was truly developed as a capital.
		The division between the empires would only grow as the influence of the Pope on the former territories of the west grew, resulting in growing rivalry between the east and west.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Western_Roman_Emperor (2696 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gallic-Empire
		Events The Gallic Empire (Gaul and Britain) is reconquered by Roman Emperor Aurelian With the conquests of the Palmyran Empire (272) and the Gallic Empire, the Roman Empire is united again Births Deaths Pope Felix I Cao Fang, emperor of the Kingdom of Wei Categories: 274...
		Ulpius Cornelius Laelianus was a usurper to Postumus, the emperor of the Gallic Empire.
		Western Empire Roman Emperor is the title historians use to refer to rulers of the Roman Empire, after the epoch conventionally named the Roman Republic.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gallic_Empire (1563 words)

	Aurelian: aurelian wall, the aurelian philadelphia poetry, aurelian vilceanu
		During his reign, the Empire was reunited in its entirety, following 15 years of rebellion, the loss of two-thirds of its territory to usurpers and devastating barbarian invasions.
		In 272, he turned his attention to the lost eastern provinces of the empire, the so-called "Palmyrene Empire" ruled by Queen Zenobia from the city of Palmyra.
		Aurelian won this campaign largely through diplomacy; the "Gallic Emperor" Tetricus II was willing to abandon his throne and allow Gaul and Britain to return to the empire, but could not openly submit to Aurelian.
	wikipedia.openfun.org /wiki/Aurelian (969 words)

	Gallic Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Gallic Empire (imperium Galliarum) is the modern name for the independent realm thatlived a brief existence during the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century, from 259 to 274.
		The Gallic or Gallo-Roman Empire consisted of the break-awayRoman provinces of Gaul, Britain, and Hispania, even peaceful Baetica in the south.
		The Empire also had its own series of consuls, but not all of the names of theconsuls have survived.
	www.therfcc.org /gallic-empire-63090.html (311 words)

	268 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Postumus, ruler of the Gallic Empire (killed by army)
		Laelianus, ruler of the Gallic Empire (killed by army)
		Marcus Aurelius Marius, ruler of the Gallic Empire (killed by army)
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /268 (151 words)

	Romans in Britain -The beginning of the end of the Roman empire
		Although there had been indications before that the empire would not be everlasting, it was now that the final death knolls were to be sounded.
		It was under the rule of the Gallic empire, but still maintained contact with Rome, which still had ultimate control.
		The reason for this may be due largely to the fact that having the empire split in two, with the major contingent of the army in the west, meant a heavy military presence coupled with a vastly reduced income.
	www.romans-in-britain.org.uk /his_beginning_of_the_end.htm (780 words)

	Roman Coin Project
		The Gallic Empire was a breakaway empire during the Roman Empire's third-century economic and political crisis.
		The traditional theory is that the Gallic provinces broke with Rome frustrated by Gallienus' inability to protect the provinces from barbarian invasions (Sinnigen and Boak 392).
		During this year, the political turmoil within the Gallic Empire served as a signal to the central emperor, Claudius II, that the breakaway empire was falling apart.
	www.virginia.edu /artmuseum/VirtualExhibitions/Coins/gallic_empire.html (1183 words)

	Gallic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gallic, derived from the name for the ancient Roman province of Gaul, may be used
		Some important Gallic regions include France, Wallonia, Haiti, and Quebec.
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gallic (123 words)

	Gallic Empire: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Gallic Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Gallic Empire is the modern name for the independent realm that lived a brief existence during the Crisis of the Third Century, from 259 to 274, formed of the break-away provinces of Gaul, Britain, and Spain.
		Postumus set up the Empire's capital in Trier, in what is now the Rhineland-Palatinate of Germany.
		Its emperors are known primarily from the coins they minted, and their names are as follows:
	www.encyclopedian.com /ga/Gallic-Empire.html (108 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Postumus
		Postumus is the first emperor of the so-called "Gallic empire", which lasted from his rebellion against Gallienus in 260 AD to the surrender of Tetricus I to the central emperor Aurelian in 274 AD.
		In 260 AD, the general situation of the Empire was favorable to usurpations: Valerian I,father of and coemperor with Gallienus, had been made prisoner by the Persian king Shapur I.
		It is very likely that his repeated refusal to march on Rome had disturbed many of his soldiers, since only his recognition of sole ruler of the Empire might have legitimized their rebellion of 260 AD and provided them with adequate reward for their support[[10]].
	www.roman-emperors.org /postumus.htm (1924 words)

	Scenario Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Much of the Empire’s troubles were caused by a slide into warlordism not dissimilar to what occurred in China during the 1920s and 1930s.
		The Gallic Empire was next (three battles did the job) and then it was the turn of the Franks and Queen Zenobia and the Palmyran Empire.
		The Gallic Empire fields a reasonably large army but one of only moderate quality — loyal Roman officers and troops have deserted the rebel units, and the remaining Gallic army is using Roman methods and tactics at a lower level of effectiveness, recruiting from a weaker manpower pool.
	www.wargamer.com /toaw/display-notes.asp?ID=1356 (1774 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For the political history of the brief "Gallic Empire" of the 3rd century, see Gallic Empire.
		During the Crisis of the Third Century, from 259 to 274, an independent Gallo-Roman realm that is termed the Gallic Empire by modern historians, was temporarily established.
		The Gallic emperor Postumus set up the Empire's capital in Trier, in what is now the Rhineland-Palatinate of Germany.
	www.alanaditescili.net /index.php?title=Gallo-Roman (392 words)

	Third-Century Crisis - Gallic Empire - Postumus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The killing of Alexander Severus, in 235, appears to have precipitated a period of chaos in the Roman Empire which lasted for half a century.
		The so called 'third-century crisis' was characterised by a rapid turnover of emperors (most of whom met violent deaths), almost uninterrupted warfare (both civil and against external threats), and monetary collapse (the silver denarius was almost totally debased by the 260s).
		the Roman empire was at the same time, and on every side, attacked by the blind fury of foreign invaders, and the wild ambition of domestic Historia Augusta, in an allusion to the Thirty Tyrants of Athens, contrives to make its own list of thirty tyrants (meaning usurpers or pretenders).
	www.stephen.j.murray.btinternet.co.uk /empires1.htm (2950 words)

	Postumus biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus was emperor of the Gallic Empire from AD 259 to 268.
		Following the death of Postumus, his empire lost control of Britain and Spain, and the shrunken remains of the Gallic Empire were inherited by Marius.
		If the date of 260 is chosen for the start of Postumus' reign, then all subsequent dates involving the Gallic Empire are pushed back by one year.
	postumus.biography.ms (530 words)

	Carausius
		The Gallic Empire was breakaway Roman Empire in Britain, Gaul, and Germany, which lasted from about 259 to 273.
		With the experience of the Gallic Empire dominating the recollections of everyone over the age of fifteen there would have been little living-memory tradition of rule by a powerful and long-lived emperor based in Rome.
		Compared to the best the legitimate Empire could produce Carausian silver was spectacular but in Britain, where the miserable coins of the Gallic Empire dominated the circulating coinage, they must have been even more impressive.
	www.romanbritain.freeserve.co.uk /CARAUSIUS.HTM (4430 words)

	Roman Coin Project
		The question which this analysis hopes to answer is whether or not the Gallic Empire was based on an economic response to the Roman third-century crisis.
		Since the Gallic Empire was able to establish a relatively stable currency system for the first decade of its existence, we should look at trade patterns to see if this currency was desireable.
		This would mean that the people of the Gallic Empire (at least in Britain) would not want to trade with the central empire or at least not want their coins.
	www.virginia.edu /artmuseum/VirtualExhibitions/Coins/hoard_analysis.html (1095 words)

	Western Roman Empire biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The triumvirs divided the western empire amongst themselves: Octavian received Africa, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearics; Antony, the Gallic provinces; and Lepidus, the Hispanic provinces.
		The following year, the Liberators were defeated at Philippi, and in 40 BC, the empire was divided again: Octavian received Italy, Gaul, Hispania, and Illyria; Antony, Cyrenaica, Achaea, Macedonia, and Syria; and Lepidus, Africa.
		Aurelian spared the lives of the Gallic emperor Tetricus I and his son Tetricus II, going so far as to give them important positions in Rome.
	western-roman-empire.biography.ms (926 words)

	Roman Coin Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During the Third-Century C.E., the Roman Empire was mired in a military, political, and economic crisis.
		Between 260 and 274 C.E., a separate empire, the Gallic Empire, was established in the western Roman provinces of Spain, Gaul, and Britain.
		The coins are predominantly from the Gallic Empire, but some are of Roman origin.
	www.virginia.edu /artmuseum/VirtualExhibitions/Coins/index.html (150 words)

	Gallic Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Gallic Empire is the term used to describe the rulers of the western provinces of the Roman Empire following the revolt of Postumus around 260AD.
		The coinage of the Gallic Empire is rather common as a whole, in base silver at least, the primary denomination being the radiate coin known today as the antoninianus.
		A useful reference to the coinage, politics and history of the Gallic Empire is The Relationship between the Central and Gallic Empires in the Mid to Late Third-Century AD British Archaeological Reports Int.
	www.forumancientcoins.com /lateromancoinage/gallic.html (202 words)

	Postumus
		Little is known about the early life of Postumus, but it is believed that he was a Gaul of humble origins who rose through the ranks of the army, eventually becoming the governor of Upper or Lower Germany.
		Postumus set up the capital of his renegade empire at Trier, complete with its own senate, consuls and praetorian guard.
		NOTE: Although his reign is often listed as beginning in 259 AD, it is now believed that the summer or fall of 260 AD is the more likely date that he was hailed emperor.
	www.termsdefined.net /po/postumus.html (759 words)

	[No title]
		The Crisis of the Third Century is a commonly applied name for the crumbling and near collapse of the Roman Empire between 235 and 275.
		As general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by such Germanic tribes as the Goths, Vandals and
		Alamanni and recovered Hispania from the Gallic Empire.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Crisis_of_the_Third_Century (325 words)

	[No title]
		Such was the importance of the title that when the Gallic Empire was created following the revolt of Postumus during 260 AD a separate line of Consulships was conferred and it is these that I want to set down here.
		This monument, reused during the Gallic Empire but bearing an older inscription from the reign of Severus Alexander, bears the names of Postumus and Honoratianus as Consul, partially erased (damnato memoriae?), on the bottom line.
		The Victorinus who shared the Consulship in 267 was the future Gallic Emperor and the event is recorded on an inscription from San Miguel de Confiño in northern Spain (CIL II 5736, König 58).
	members.lycos.co.uk /nomisma/consul/consul.html (851 words)

	BS Foundations chapter 6
		The coming of Christianity, the political, social and economic crises of the third century, the reconstruction of the Empire in the fourth century, and the collapse of the Western Empire in the fifth century were steps in a general transition from the world of antiquity to the Middle Ages.
		In the late fourth century the usurper Constantius III (another Arthurian archetype) established another "Gallic Empire." The last putative Gallo-Roman state was the so-called "Kingdom" established by Syagrius in northern Gaul.
		FTER the division of Charlemagne empire, the East Frankish kingdom was ruled by Louis the German (843-876).
	www.oglethorpe.edu /faculty/~b_smith/ou/bs_foundations_chapter6.htm (18141 words)

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