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Topic: Gallic acid

	Acidum Gallicum (U. S. P.)—Gallic Acid. \| Henriette's Herbal Homepage
		In 1854 Strecker came to the conclusion that tannin was a glucosid, for by boiling it with diluted mineral acid he obtained a large amount of gallic acid and considerable glucose.
		—Gallic acid does not coagulate albumen, and when ingested is quickly absorbed, and rapidly discharged by the kidneys, over the secretions of which, as well as of the skin, it has a marked control.
		Gallic acid is much inferior to tannic acid as a topical astringent; but administered internally, it is more powerful as a remote astringent.
	www.henriettesherbal.com /eclectic/kings/acidum-gall.html (1148 words)

	Gallic Acid - LoveToKnow 1911
		GALLIC ACID, trioxybenzoic acid (HO)3(3.4.5.) C6H2C02H H20, the acidum gallicum of pharmacy, a substance discovered by K. Scheele; it occurs in the leaves of the bearberry, in pomegranate root-bark, in tea, in gall-nuts to the extent of about 3%, and in other vegetable productions.
		Gallic acid is most readily obtained by boiling the tannin procured from oak-galls by means of alcohol and ether with weak solution of acids.
		With phosphorus oxychloride at 520° C. gallic acid yields tannic acid, and with concentrated sulphuric acid at 100°, rufigallic acid, C14H808, an anthracene derivative.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Gallic_Acid (392 words)

	Ellagic Acid - Washington Red Raspberry Commission
		Instead, polymers of gallic acid and hexahydroxydipenoyl (HHDP) are linked to glucose centers to form the class of compounds known as ellagitannins.
		Ellagic acid is the result when the HHDP group is cleaved from the tannin molecule and spontaneously rearranges.
		In addition, ellagic acid from red raspberries prevents binding of carcinogens to DNA, and reduces the incidence of cancer in cultured human cells exposed to carcinogens.
	www.red-raspberry.org /health/ellagicacid.html (298 words)

	gallic acid - Encyclopedia.com
		CO H, colorless crystalline organic acid found in gallnuts, sumach, tea leaves, oak bark, and many other plants, both in its free state and as part of the tannin molecule (see tannin).
		Since gallic acid has hydroxyl groups and a carboxylic acid group in the same molecule, two molecules of it can react with one another to form an ester, digallic acid.
		Gallic acid is obtained by the hydrolysis of tannic acid with sulfuric acid.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-gallicac.html (568 words)

	Synthesis of Gallic Acid: Cu2+-Mediated Oxidation of 3-Dehydroshikimic Acid
		Synthesis of Gallic Acid: Cu2+-Mediated Oxidation of 3-Dehydroshikimic Acid
		Gallic acid is an important starting material used in the synthesis of a wide range of food additives and pharmaceuticals and is currently obtained from hydrolysis of gallotannins isolated from gall nuts and tara powder.
		During concentration of the filtrate, gallic acid precipitated and was recovered as an off-white solid (3.3 g, 62%).
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/sample.cgi/joceah/0000/65/i21/html/jo000335z.html (4071 words)

	Chapter 14. Reducing Agents-Developers
		When gallic acid is heated to the temperature of 410° Fahrenheit, and kept at this temperature, in an oil-bath, a volatile substance sublimes of a beautiful white color, in crystalline plates.
		The acid liquor thus obtained is impure formic acid, which is purified by neutralizing it with carbonate of soda, and evaporating the solution so as to obtain formiate of soda in crystals which may be freed from all impurities in the same manner as acetate of soda in the preceding paragraphs.
		This acid is obtained from argol, or from cream of tartar, which is a bitartrate of potassa, by two processes; one consists in abstracting One equivalent of tartaric acid from the bitartrate, and the other in decomposing the residual tartrate in the solution.
	albumen.stanford.edu /library/monographs/sunbeam/chap14.html (4932 words)

	Gallic acid production by fermentation
		Gallic acid (3,4,5 –trihydroxybenzoic acid) is a useful chemical with wide applications.
		Gallic acid thus produced is unsuitable as a raw material for the manufacturing of drug intermediates.
		The process of fermentation of tannic acid extracted from tara powder was developed to 100 litre/ batch level, and it gives good yield of gallic acid (90% of available tannic acid) with minimum energy input as compared to acid hydrolysis process.
	www.tifac.org.in /do/hgt/proj/hgt18.htm (440 words)

	Gallic acid
		Gallic acid occurs as a free molecule or as part of a tannin molecule.
		Gallic acid is used a remote astringent in cases of internal haemorrhage.
		Gallic acid is also used to treat albuminuria and diabetes.
	www.phytochemicals.info /phytochemicals/gallic-acid.php (141 words)

	Re: Gallic acid / inflammation
		Gallic acid attenuated compound 48/80- or immunoglobulin E (IgE)- induced histamine release from mast cells.
		The inhibitory effect of gallic acid on the histamine release was mediated by the modulation of cAMP and intracellular calcium.
		The inhibitory activity of gallic acid on the allergic reaction and histamine release was found to be similar with disodium cromoglycate.
	www.talkaboutsupport.com /group/alt.support.crohns-colitis/messages/330003.html (381 words)

	ETS Laboratories
		In seeds, gallic acid is present as free gallic acid and as an ester attached to procyanidin polymers.
		Gallic acid is also present in grape stems and may be increased by whole cluster fermentations.
		Gallic acid concentrations range from 10 to more than 100 mg/L. Concentrations in the upper end of this range are usually associated with new oak cooperage.
	www.etslabs.com /pagetemplate/blank.asp?pageid=298 (1715 words)

	GALLIC ACID - Online Information article about GALLIC ACID
		Gallic acid is most readily obtained by boiling the See also:
		calcium bicarbonate becomes with gallic acid, on exposure to the air, of a dark blue colour.
		Unlike tannic acid, gallic acid does not precipitate albumen or salts of the alkaloids, or, except when mixed with See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /GAG_GEO/GALLIC_ACID.html (819 words)

	Nutragon® Natural Products
		An isobolographic analysis was performed to assess the apparent synergistic interaction for the combinations of ellagic acid with resveratrol and quercetin with resveratrol in the induction of caspase 3 activity, confirming a synergistic interaction with a combination index of 0.64 for the combination of ellagic acid and resveratrol and 0.68 for quercetin and resveratrol.
		Gallic acid, monomeric catechin, and epicatechin concentrations were 99, 12, and 96 mg/100 g of dry matter (dm) in Muscadine seeds, 15, 358, and 421 mg/100 g of dm in Chardonnay seeds, and 10, 127, and 115 mg/100 g of dm in Merlot seeds, respectively.
		Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, and epicatechin were the major phenolics in seeds, with average values of 6.9, 558.4, and 1299.4 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW), respectively.
	www.nutragonllc.com /articles/ellagic_acid.html (8989 words)

	Amine/gallic acid blends as oxygen scavengers - Patent 4929364
		The method of claim 3, wherein at least 1 mole of gallic acid per mole of oxygen is used.
		The invention includes an improved method for scavenging dissolved oxygen from waters used to generate steam which comprises treating said waters with either gallic acid or propyl gallate at a dosage of at least 0.3 mole per mole of oxygen, preferably 1-2 moles per mole of oxygen, contained in said waters.
		As shown in the Tables the amines generally used in boiler waters are particularly advantageous in solubilizing gallic acid and propyl gallate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4929364.html (1078 words)

	C&A Template
		It is obtained by alkaline or acid hydrolysis of the tannins from nutgalls.
		The forest acetic acids were the darkest of the acetic acids, however even the darkest acetic acid was no where near the lightest gallic sample.
		Acetic acid will react on copper, Sanford has assured me of this, nevertheless, the dilute version of acetic which I used was not concentrated enough to produce a meaningful reaction.
	www.sewanee.edu /Chem/Chem&Art/Detail_Pages/Projects_2005/Burrier/index.htm (1917 words)

	784. Gallates (WHO Food Additives Series 32)
		Free gallic acid or a conjugated derivative of 4-0-methyl gallic acid is excreted in the urine.
		From the time-course of gallic acid formation, as well as the disappearance of the specific esters, the rate of hydrolysis of the three esters was calculated.
		Gallic acid was reported to suppress the in vitro thymus- dependent plaque forming response of mouse C57B1/6 spleen cells to sheep red blood cells.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/v32je02.htm (6602 words)

	cook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Preparation: This acid may be made from tannic acid, by securing an interchange of one equivalent of oxygen for one equivalent of carbon in the latter.
		The tannic acid in galls is oxidized, and thus converted into gallic acid; the boiling water dissolves this; and as cold water will not dissolve it well, the crystals of gallic acid are deposited as the solution cools.
		This acid is a very pure and efficient astringent; and as it does not precipitate gelatin, it thereby possesses a decided advantage over tannin for internal use, as it may reach remote vessels effectually, and is not liable to cause so much constipation.
	medherb.com /cook/html/ACIDUM_GALLICUM..htm (318 words)

	The ink corrosion website: iron gall ink: ink recipes
		Sigmund Lehner, in his treatise entitled Ink Manufacture (cited in literature), mentions that the conversion to gallic acid caused by the fermentation process should be complete in 8 to 10 days, whereupon boiling water is poured over the mass to kill the ferment.
		It is then mixed with the gallic acid solution.
		The result is a fl sludge which must be filtered through a sieve before adding to the gallic acid (fermented gall solution).
	www.knaw.nl /ecpa/ink/make_ink_recipes.html (1041 words)

	NSF International : INA : Methods: Determination of Total Catechins and Gallic Acid in Green Tea
		Gallic acid is quantified against the pure standard.
		The mobile phase is a gradient, consisting of 0.1% phosphoric acid in water and acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 1 mL/min.
		The correlation coefficient of a linear regression curve for both catechin and gallic acid should be >0.999.
	www.nsf.org /business/ina/greentea.asp?program=INA (952 words)

	- decanter.com - the route to all good wine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		By measuring the level of gallic acid in red wine, researchers were able to show that not only does the shape and size of a glass alter the chemical make-up of red wine but also experienced drinkers can taste the difference that makes.
		Gallic acid levels, which are the accepted way to record a wine's tannin content, are six times higher in red wine than white.
		In all three, the level of gallic acid increased shortly after pouring, as newly exposed tannins reacted with oxygen.
	www.decanter.com /news/46315.html (481 words)

	gallic acid info and resource. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxy benzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants.
		gallic acid or 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 CO 2 H, colorless crystalline...
		gallic acid or 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, C 6 H 2 (OH) 3 CO 2 H, colorless crystalline organic...
	www.chogm2001.net /find/gallic-acid.aspx (173 words)

	cook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Preparation: This acid may be made from tannic acid, by securing an interchange of one equivalent of oxygen for one equivalent of carbon in the latter.
		The tannic acid in galls is oxidized, and thus converted into gallic acid; the boiling water dissolves this; and as cold water will not dissolve it well, the crystals of gallic acid are deposited as the solution cools.
		This acid is a very pure and efficient astringent; and as it does not precipitate gelatin, it thereby possesses a decided advantage over tannin for internal use, as it may reach remote vessels effectually, and is not liable to cause so much constipation.
	www.medherb.com /cook/html/ACIDUM_GALLICUM..htm (318 words)

	Gallic Acid
		Gallic acid is a colorless crystalline organic acid.
		Gallic acid has a free state or can be a part of a tannin molecule.
		Gallic Acid appears to have anti-viral and anti-fungal.
	www.webvitamins.com /Nutrient.aspx?id=2807 (136 words)

	Gallic Acid(Gallochem Co. Ltd.,China)
		Gallic acid is obtained by the hydrolysis of tannic acid with sulfuric acid or enzyme.
		When heated above 220 C, gallic acid loses carbon dioxide to form pyrogallol, or 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene, C 6 H 3 (OH) 3, which is used in the production of azo dyes and photographic developers and in laboratories for absorbing oxygen.
		l Gallic acid grade I: Main sell to India and Peru (Kosher approval)
	www.21food.com /showroom/21028/product/Gallic-Acid.html (164 words)

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