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	Galunggung, Java, Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Galunggung is a stratovolcano on the west side of the island of Java.
		The caldera of Galunggung is open to the southeast.
		The first historic eruption of Galunggung was in 1822.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/indonesia/galunggung.html (383 words)

	VOLCANIC GEOLOGY OF G
		Galunggung was originally a stratovolcano known as Guntur volcano (+2168 m).
		The Northwest striking lineaments and the fracture zone in the 1982-83 cinder cone are parallel to the Sumatera fault system, while the fracture zone in the 1918 lava dome and dikes position are similar to the principal stress derived from Indian ocean plate movement.
		Galunggung lava flows, lava domes, dikes and volcanic bombs, are basalt or basaltic andesite in composition and have porphyritic textures with medium-sized phenocrysts in fine-grained or glassy groundmasses.
	www.vsi.esdm.go.id /volcanoes/galunggung/geology.html (1168 words)

	Galunggung - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Galunggung (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Category:Mountains of Indonesia Galunggung (Galoen-gong, Gunung Galunggung) is a stratovolcano on Java, Indonesia.
		The horseshoe shape of Galunggung's crater and the nature of the hummocks, however, suggest a different cause for the formation of the Ten Thousand Hills.
		Since 1980, geologists from the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia and the U.S. Geological Survey have reinterpreted the deposit as a debris-avalanche deposit.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Galunggung.html (383 words)

	bluth94 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Galunggung volcano, Java, awoke from a 63-year quiescence in April 1982, and erupted sporadically through January 1983.
		The total sulfur dioxide outgassed from Galunggung volcano from April 1982 to January 1983 is calculated to be 2500 kt (±30%) from both explosive and non-explosive activity.
		While Galunggung added large quantities of sulfur dioxide to the atmosphere, its sporadic emissions occurred in relatively small events distributed over several months, and reached relatively low altitudes, and are unlikely to have significantly affected aerosol loading of the stratosphere in 1982 by volcanic activity.
	toms.umbc.edu /Library/Abstracts/bluth94.html (307 words)

	Dikitari Sepuluh Ribu Bukit - Rabu, 21 Agustus 2002
		Persisnya bukit-bukit itu bertebaran sekitar Gunung Galunggung, 20 kilometer arah barat Kota Tasikmalaya, terus ke arah timur dan tenggara hingga ke Kecamatan Cibeureum, Kota Tasikmalaya, serta Kecamatan Singaparna, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya.
		Lalu letusan tahun 1894 yang menghancurkan 50 perkampungan di sekitar Gunung Galunggung, serta letusan 1918 dan letusan 1982 yang memuntahkan lebih dari 15 juta meter kubik pasir.
		Sebab, di sebelah barat kawah Galunggung, terdapat dinding bebatuan yang tinggi sehingga menghalangi arah letusan ke barat.
	www.kompas.com /kompas-cetak/0208/21/daerah/diki25.htm (1284 words)

	Galunggung -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The last major eruption on Galunggung was in 1982, which had a (additional info and facts about Volcanic Explosivity Index) Volcanic Explosivity Index of 4 and killed 35 people.
		Dutch geologist (additional info and facts about B.G. Escher) B.G. Escher hypothesized that a breakout of a (additional info and facts about crater lake) crater lake resulted in a watery landslide that formed the deposit.
		Schaffer noted that the volume of material might seem large for "occidentals but it is not beyond the powers of the numerous and industrious (A member of a people inhabiting the northern Malay Peninsula and Malaysia and parts of the western Malay Archipelago) Malays."
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ga/galunggung.htm (421 words)

	GUNUNG GALUNGGUNG DI JAWA BARAT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Galunggung is the volcano which dominates not only the skyline of the
		On 5 April 1982, a big explosion ushered in a new series of eruptions of Mt. Galunggung, blanketing the whole surrounding area in ash.
		Galunggung is quiet again, but large areas are still barren of vegetation and more than five dozen hot springs are scattered around its slopes.
	www.langsing.net /gunung/galunggung/galunggung.html (454 words)

	Indonesia
		At Galunggung volcano, 3 mobile reflectors are installed which shot from two stationary points.
		Six drytilt stations at Tangkubanparahu, 4 at Galunggung, 6 at Merapi, 8 at Kelud volcanoes are equipped with Wild NA2 levelling meter which is equipped with micrometer GMP-3.
		Samples of gases, rocks and water from Tangkubanparahu, Galunggung, Merapi, Kelud, Semeru, Ljen and Lamongan volcanoes are collected monthly, to be analysed in geochemistry laboratory at VSI office Yogyakarta.
	www.wovo.org /0601_0607.htm (1077 words)

	Galunggung, Java, Indonesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The forested slopes of Galunggung volcano in western Java are cut by a horseshoe-shaped caldera breached to the ESE that has served to channel the products of recent eruptions to the SE.
		The "Ten Thousand Hills of Tasikmalaya" dotting the plain below the volcano are debris-avalanche hummocks from the collapse that formed the breached caldera about 4,200 years ago.
		A vigorous explosive eruption from Galunggung began in April 1982, producing large tephra clouds and destroying the 1918 lava dome in the crater.
	users.bendnet.com /bjensen/volcano/indonesia/java-galunggung.html (183 words)

	Galunggung Volcano - John Seach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Galunggung Volcano is located in West Java, Indonesia, about 100 km SE of Bandung, and is one of Indonesia’s most active volcanoes.
		Galunggung volcano is famous for the incident where a jet flew through an eruption cloud, and
		The first recorded eruption of Galunggung volcano in 1822 produced lahars which killed more than 4000 people.
	www.volcanolive.com /galunggung.html (82 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Mafic melt inclusions hosted in olivine phenocrysts (Fo) in high-Mg basalts of Galunggung volcano (Java, Indonesia) were analyzed in situ by laser ablation ICP-MS to determine concentrations of chalcophile and associated trace elements.
		Our results indicate that sulfur in the mantle beneath Galunggung is significantly enriched relative to MORB source mantle, suggesting large-scale fluxing of sulfur into the mantle wedge during slab dehydration.
		Modeling results predict at least 256 to 465 ppm S in the magma source of Galunggung, which is up to twice the amount commonly assumed for MORB sources.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00167037/articles/65/18/S001670370100634.abstract.en (268 words)

	volasia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Batur is located in the Sundra arc, one of the longest continuous arcs of volcanoes on Earth.
		Galunggung is approximately 2,168 meters above sea level.
		In 1982, estimated damages from the eruption of Galunggung were in the 15 milllion dollar range.
	www.st-agnes.org /~dcrank/student/kim/volasia.htm (342 words)

	textile.web.id :: better textile understanding ::
		Established in 1984, P.T. Galunggung Mega Sakti is a knitting garment industry in Bandung, West Java Indonesia.
		Today P.T. Galunggung Mega Sakti is one solid modern knitting garment industry as we consistently obtains consumer reliance through our production system which was designed to exceed our customer's satisfaction.
		Galunggung Mega Sakti Knitting PT Gani Arta Dwitunggal, PT
	www.textile.web.id /member/index.php?id=24 (143 words)

	Epidemiologic Notes and Reports Cytotoxicity of Volcanic Ash: Assessing the Risk for Pneumoconiosis
		To determine whether these results are representative of other types of volcanic ash, NIOSH compared the cytotoxicity of samples from the eruptions of Mount St. Helens, El Chichon, and Galunggung with those of a mineral of known cytotoxicity, quartz, and a relatively inert mineral, barite.
		Assays for cytotoxicity were based on the hemolysis of the red cells of sheep and the release of the enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, B-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and B-glucuronidase, from alveolar macrophages (Table 3).
		However, the sample of volcanic ash from Galunggung was significantly more cytotoxic than the other ash samples and approximated the cytotoxicity of quartz.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000724.htm (857 words)

	Brief History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The government’s headquarter placed around Galunggung Mount with the power to throne the kings of Galuh Kingdom, in another word, the new king would be legal if they got permission from Batara who reign in Galunggung Mount.
		The Galunggung Kingdom was existed until the next six Kings who were Batari Hyang’s heritance.
		At that time Galunggung Area was fertile and the producer of coffee and Nilam.
	www.tasikmalaya.go.id /en/history.php (743 words)

	"Mayday, Mayday"... Keempat Mesin Mati -- Jumat, 25 Februari 2000
		Boeing 747 ini beberapa saat setelah melintasi Jakarta terkena debu letusan Gunung Galunggung sehingga keempat mesinnya tiba-tiba mati.
		Gunung Galunggung di Jawa Barat yang meletus April 1982 disusul letusan kedua 2 September misalnya, nyaris mencelakakan pesawat.
		Keesokan harinya, para awaknya menjumpai sekujur tubuh Boeing 747-nya gosong akibat gesekan dengan debu Galunggung.
	www.kompas.com /kompas-cetak/0002/25/iptek/may21.htm (885 words)

	Savage Earth: Hell's Crust
		Although they were 30 miles from the mountain, the two campers were swept away in a 100-mile-per-hour mud flow and nearly crushed by uprooted trees and logs from devastated logging camps.
		Even those in the sky are not safe, as viewers learn when the program looks at how the Indonesian volcano Galunggung sent a plume of ash into the atmosphere in 1982, nearly downing a jetliner full of passengers, who describe how the ash-choked engines failed and sent them plummeting toward the ground.
		But the human spirit is indomitable: Others, in Iceland and Hawaii, tell how they fought lava attacking their homes, and won.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/savageearth/programs/html/p1.html (251 words)

	Galunggung - Story
		Chris and his mother are fictitious characters, but the description of events accuately reflects what can happen when an airplane flies through a volcanic ash cloud.
		Note: On June 24, a British Airways jumbo jet with 240 passengers did encounter an ash cloud from Galunggung volcano.
		It was flying150 km (90 mi) west of Galunggung at 11 km altitude.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/hazard/stratoguide/galunstory.html (492 words)

	VMSG day 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Here we discuss new sulfur isotope data and primary sulfur concentrations of primitive basalts that allow us to assess whether slab-derived contributions to the sub-arc mantle are required to balance the sulfur budget in subduction zones.
		Mafic melt inclusions hosted in olivine phenocrysts in high-Mg basalts of Galunggung volcano (Java, Indonesia) were analyzed for their Cu and S contents.
		Based on these data we calculate that at least ~250-450 ppm S is present in the magma sources of Galunggung, compared to ±200 ppm in MORB-type mantle.
	www.geo.uu.nl /~vmsg/Symposium2001/abstracts/dehoog.htm (447 words)

	Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The emission characteristics and measurement techniques of high-temperature volcanic gases were reviewed by myself and collaborators (Symonds et al., 1994), and we provided a model of the timing, vent characteristics, sampling methods and expected results for an idealized eruption sequence of Mt. St.
		In the literature, SO dispersion rates are not well known for large eruption clouds, largely due to the effects of mass and concentration effects on reaction rates.
		For example, we observed that the Pinatubo (stratospheric) cloud dispersed at roughly 10% per day, while Galunggung clouds (tropospheric) dispersed at rates of 50% or more per day; the three eruptions of Mt. Spurr in 1991 dispersed at intermediate rates.
	www.geo.mtu.edu /~gbluth/Research/97trop.closeout.html (1773 words)

	¢HÁÑÐ®Á :: .:: sejarah tasik malaya ::. :: August :: 2005
		Dimulai pada abad ke VII sampai abad ke XII di wilayah yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, diketahui adanya suatu bentuk Pemerintahan Kebataraan dengan pusat pemerintahannya di sekitar Galunggung, dengan kekuasaan mengabisheka raja-raja (dari Kerajaan Galuh) atau dengan kata lain raja baru dianggap syah bila mendapat persetujuan Batara yang bertahta di Galunggung.
		Kerajaan ini bernama Kerajaan Galunggung yang berdiri pada tanggal 13 Bhadrapada 1033 Saka atau 21 Agustus 1111 dengan penguasa pertamanya yaitu Batari Hyang, berdasarkan Prasasti Geger Hanjuang yang ditemukan di bukit Geger Hanjuang, Desa Linggawangi, Kecamatan Leuwisari, Tasikmalaya.
		Tanggal 21 Agustus 1111 Masehi dijadikan Hari Jadi Tasikmalaya berdasarkan Prasasti Geger Hanjuang yang dibuat sebagai tanda upacara pentasbihan atau penobatan Batari Hyang sebagai Penguasa di Galunggung.
	michio.blogsome.com /2005/08/26/sejarah-tasik-malaya (830 words)

	Alien-UFOs.com Network Forum - View Single Post - British Airlines Flight 9 in 1982
		Middle of the night and the aircraft flew into a cloud of volcanic ash from Mount Galunggung.
		Not the first known case of all four engines failing but the others had been down to some kind of mis-handling.
		There's a lot of info on the incident if you look up 'galunggung' and '747'.
	www.alien-ufos.com /forum/showpost.php?p=31961&postcount=25 (117 words)

	OCHA * Indonesia - Indonesia - Indonesia - OCHA Consolidated Situation Report No. 43
		Notwithstanding the two bombing incidents last week near the Christian-Muslim borders in Galunggung and in front of one of Pattimura University's alternative campus in Pohon Pule, the whole province (including Ambon city) has remained relatively calm.
		The police are continuing their investigation into the Galunggung incident.
		These two incidents have followed the recent pattern of incidents occurring in so-called neutral areas where the two communities mingle to do business or attend school.
	www.geocities.com /baguala67/ocha01102001.htm (1304 words)

	[JAVA-L] KMP - Cipanas, Wanawisata
		SAMA dengan kawah Gunung Galunggung, pemandian alam Cipanas dan
		Galunggung, rata-rata kalangan remaja pelajar dan peneliti," katanya.
		wanawisata juga digabungkan dengan kawah Galunggung yang kebetulan
	www.hamline.edu /apakabar/basisdata/1997/04/13/0021.html (382 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The incident was the result of a cloud of volcanic ash from Java’s Galunggung volcano which erupted about an hour before the 747 left Kuala Lumpur.
		When the engines from the British Airways 747 were inspected after its encounter with Galunggung, the most obvious result of flying through the cloud of ash was the accumulation of melted ceramic-like deposits on the turbine surfaces, the hottest parts of the engine.
		When Java’s Mount Galunggung erupted in 1982, it effected the operation of the British Airways flight described earlier, as well as a B-747 equipped with Pratt and Whitney engines.
	www.nw.faa.gov /releases/volash.html (4421 words)

	[dunia Islam] Cronological of Moslems Slaughtered by Yon Gab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It is installed to anticipate the Christian troops entering to Moslem area when they attack to Kopertis on Tuesday, June 13th, 2001.
		They were passed through the barricades successfully and continue attacking to Kebun Cengkeh.
		After they passed the Galunggung – Galala three way intersection, Yon Gab against the barricades which mades from drums and woods.
	imanov.jeeran.com /cronologie.htm (1188 words)

	Expert About de:Debris
		Catastrophic Debris Flows Transformed from Landslides in Volcanic Terrains: Mobility, Hazard Assessment and Mitigation Strategies -- Scott, K. Debris Dams and Debris Dam Lakes - Menu -- general information about debris dams and the lakes created by them.
		Galunggung, Indonesia - Indonesia Volcanoes Menu -- includes Galunggung Debris Avalanche.
		Gigantic Debris Avalanche of Pleistocene Age from Ancestral Mount Shasta Volcano, California, and Debris-Avalanche Hazard Zonation -- Crandell, 1989, USGS Bulletin 1861.
	www.expertsite.biz /dir/de/debris.htm (2675 words)

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