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	Game tree - Glasglidius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In game theory, a game tree is a directed graph whose nodes are positions in a game and whose edges are moves.
		Game trees are important in artificial intelligence because one way to pick the best move in a game is to search the game tree using the minimax algorithm or its variants.
		The game tree for tic-tac-toe is easily searchable, but the complete game trees for larger games like chess are much too large to search.
	www.glasglow.com /e/?title=Game_tree (446 words)

	Game tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The complete game tree for agame is the game tree starting at the initial position and containing all possible moves from each position.
		Game trees are important in artificialintelligence because one way to pick the best move in a game is to search the game tree using the minimax algorithm or its variants.
		The game tree for tic-tac-toe is easily searchable, but the complete gametrees for larger games like chess are much too large to search.
	www.therfcc.org /game-tree-214943.html (239 words)

	Topic #11: Game trees. Alpha-beta search
		The game can normally be represented as a tree where the nodes represent the current status of the game and the arcs represent the moves.
		The game tree consists of all possible moves for the current players starting at the root and all possible moves for the next player as the children of these nodes, and so forth, as far into the future of the game as desired.
		The leaves of the game tree represent terminal positions as one where the outcome of the game is clear (a win, a loss, a draw, a payoff).
	www.cs.mcgill.ca /~cs251/OldCourses/1997/topic11 (1471 words)

	Game tree complexity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In game theory, game complexity is a measure of thecomplexity of a game.
		It is usually impossible to work out the size of the game tree exactly, but in some games a reasonable estimate can be made byraising the game's average branching factor to the power of thenumber of plies in an average game.
		An upper bound for the size of the game tree cansometimes be computed by simplifying the game in a way that only increases the size of the game tree (for example, by allowingillegal moves) until it becomes tractable.
	www.therfcc.org /game-tree-complexity-113329.html (576 words)

	Game Trees
		Game trees are a data structure where all the possible moves of a game are stored.
		The first is to create the entire game tree at the start af the game For large games this can be very time and memory consuming.The second way is more efficient and thus widly used.
		A good implementation of a game tree, would be one where a parameter would define the deepness of the game tree, on which the computer bases (see min-max method) his next move.
	members.fortunecity.com /lfereman/game.html (301 words)

	CS 454 Lab #8: Interactive text game (with game tree)
		By a game tree, we mean a structure similar to a "Spread tree" from the last few labs: each node in the tree represents a certain board situation, and the children of a given node represent possible moves from that situation to a new one.
		Game trees also have an alternation of layers which arises from the fact that players alternate moves in the game: one layer represents the X player's choice, the next layer the O player's choice of move.
		In the real game, these allowable moves will probably be part of node information in the tree (or derivable from it), but it will be easier to understand the interaction pattern if you develop a short version separately.
	www.willamette.edu /~fruehr/454/labs/lab8.html (738 words)

	Nim, Gametrees, and Minimax (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A game tree is a method for showing the game positions for many two player games.
		Game moves are not random - this usually excludes games involving dice or spinning dials.
		Each branch of the tree terminates in a leaf node which has no further moves and represents a win for one of the players or a draw.
	www.delphiforfun.org /Programs/NIM_Minimax.htm (1612 words)

	java.net: Java Tech: An Intelligent Nim Computer Game, Part 1
		The game tree displays this move via the branch (with label 1) from the root node to the Player B node with the 3 label.
		The game tree reveals this move via the branch (with label 2) from the Player B node with the 3 label to the Player A node with label 1.
		The game tree presents this move via the branch (labeled 1) from the Player A node with label 1 to the terminal configuration node directly below.
	today.java.net /pub/a/today/2004/05/18/nim1.html (2232 words)

	AI Horizon: Minimax Game Tree Programming, Part 1
		The minimax game tree, of course, cannot be used very well for games in which the computer cannot see the possible moves.
		The reason this data structure is named the minimax game tree is because of the simple algorithm behind the structure.
		In these more complicated games, however, the programs can only look at the part of the minimax tree; often, the programs can't even see the end of the game because it is so far down the tree.
	www.aihorizon.com /essays/basiccs/trees/minimax.htm (706 words)

	Tree Chain Game
		Water is a vital part of a tree's basic structure and is one of the main components of photosynthesis.
		Each of the tree's leaves is like a tiny factory - taking in sunlight and air (carbon dioxide) and mixing them with water and food from the tree's roots.
		Game continues with students going back and forth, adding "tree needs" to the tree chain in the order listed on the "Tree Needs Chart", until a chain of all six of the needed components has been made.
	www.arborday.org /kids/carly/treechain/treegame.html (838 words)

	Minimax and Alpha-Beta Template
		It is specifically applied in searching game trees to determine the best move for the current player of a game.
		The game tree consists of all moves available to the current player as children of the root, and then all moves available to the next player as children of these nodes, and so forth, as far into the future of the game as desired.
		Evaluating the game at a leaf of this tree yields the projected status of the game after that sequence of moves is made by the players.
	www.cs.caltech.edu /~petrovic/games/archex/othellodir/node2.html (952 words)

	GamersInfo.net - Editorial - Applying Game Theory to Video Game Design - Part II
		In Part I, we talked a little about the types of games and how to represent those games on paper, specifically the matrix game in which strategies are laid out for two players in a table.
		In a two-person game, the order in which the first player desires the outcomes is usually the reverse of the order that the second player desires.
		A perfect information game occurs when there are no strategies or moves in which chance is a factor and all choices from a particular level of the game tree are not in the same information set.
	www.gamersinfo.net /index.php?art/id:1156 (1934 words)

	Game Tree Evaluation
		The most promising line to parallelize the alpha-beta-algorithm was to decompose the game tree to be searched and distribute subtrees to the processors for parallel evaluation.
		In games like chess, checkers etc. the complete game tree of is so large that it appears unlikely a computer will ever be able to find the theoretical value of the game of chess.
		Moreover, in the worst case the decision at the root of the tree is based on a single static evaluation at one leaf of the game tree searched.
	www.uni-paderborn.de /fachbereich/AG/monien/RESEARCH/game_tree_evaluation.html (933 words)

	The Tree Ball Game
		From the late 900s onwards, there was a virtual explosion of Tree Ball, with a dozen teams in the Vale alone, seven or eight teams from Akdor, three Milken teams, and occasionally a Rat Brownie team will be in contention for several years.
		Championship games are played to packed crowds from all races, with magical open-air broadcasts taking place in several major cities.
		The 1557 Championship game in particular attracted a huge crowd (the game was played between two hills to accommodate the masses of Brownies, men, elves, dwarves and others who came to watch the event).
	www.santharia.com /games/tree_ball.htm (860 words)

	Cprogramming.com: Your Resource for C++ Programming
		Thus, for large games like Chess and Go, computer programs are forced to estimate who is winning or losing by sampling just a small portion of the entire tree.
		So, minimax game trees can be used best for games in which both players can see the entire game situation.
		The reason this data structure is named the minimax game tree is because of the logic behind the structure.
	www.cprogramming.com /tutorial/AI/minimaxtree1.html (633 words)

	Decision Trees
		Also see their Decision Trees Applet: "Learning is the ability to improve one's behaviour based on experience and represents an important element of computational intelligence.
		Although rules and decision trees may seem similar at first, they are in fact quite different both in terms of the information they discover from databases and in terms of their behavior on new data items.
		Decision trees are attractive because they show clearly how to reach a decision, and because they are easy to construct automatically from labeled instances.
	www.aaai.org /AITopics/html/trees.html (1049 words)

	CS241 Lab 7 - Game Tree (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A common use of n-ary trees is game trees.
		For this lab you must construct and print a complete game tree for a simple game (or,if the game you choose is too big, a particular position in a game).
		The root of the tree is the situation at the beginningof the game.
	www.willamette.edu /~levenick/oldStuff/oldClasses05/cs241_old/labs/xtra/lab7.html (161 words)

	instruction
		To select a move, click directly on the rectangle on the tree or at the bottom of the window where a player is prompted to make a choice.
		When a minimum number of players required by the game structure connects to the game (in our example the minimum number of players are two, a seller and a buyer), or in the second option when a moderator decides to match the players, the players matched for that session can start selecting the moves.
		When the game ends, the terminal node that is reached is highlighted in blue and the outcome corresponding to that terminal node is shown at the bottom of the window for the players paired for that game.
	www.comlabgames.com /tree/tree_instruction/instructions.html (3251 words)

	GameScene: The Christmas Tree Game
		Decorate the Christmas Tree with different colored lights by dragging light bulbs from the boxes on the left and placing them in the sockets on the tree to the right.
		The goal of the game is to match the bulbs to a preset color pattern.
		You begin the game with 1000 points and lose 1 point per second, and 50 points every time you plug the tree in.
	gamescene.com /The_Christmas_Tree_Game.html (223 words)

	Banana Tree Game
		This is basically a scoring game, and can be used in various different ways.
		Put the kids in groups (6 is usually good as there are usually 6 rows of desks), but keep them seated at their desks.
		Each tree has 9 "rungs" (add more or less depending on the amount of time you wish to play), and some bananas at the top.
	www.genkienglish.net /BananaTree.htm (296 words)

	Hamed's Introduction to Game Algorithms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Zero sum games are games such as chess, checkers, and reversi; in which the total amount of "payoff" is constant.
		A finite game is a game in which every possible combination of moves leads to an end of the game.
		A portion of the game tree for "Tic-tac-toe" is shown in Figure 1.
	ce.sharif.edu /~ahmadinejad/gametree (2503 words)

	Creating the poker game from scratch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		There are in general many ways to construct a game tree in Gambit; this section illustrates one way with the goals of demonstrating most of the common tree-building operations, and to show how games with repeated structure can be constructed with relative ease using the available operations.
		First, you might want to set the game's title, which is used to identify the game in the caption of the frame.
		When created, games have only a "null" outcome, which is attached to all nodes and has a payoff of zero to all players.
	econweb.tamu.edu /gambit/manual-0.97.1.0/gui.poker.build.html (2011 words)

	Learning Tree Board Game (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As attorney for the inventor of an innovative Learning Tree Board Game, we are currently seeking manufacturing companies to license, purchase patent rights or enter into a royalty agreement for this timely invention.
		The Learning Tree Board Game is an educational game that helps children from the ages of three through six to develop motor skills and aid in the identification of shapes, vowels, numbers and colors.
		The Learning Tree Board Game is comprised of a game board having a picture of a tree, a sand box, a green area, and several other images overlaying the tree.
	www.invention.net /riveraj.htm (249 words)

	The End of the Game - Assignment 2
		A game state is comprised of the number of beans in each position, a flag indicating whether it is currently the top or bottom player’s turn, and a flag indicating whether the game has ended.
		Assuming that you had a complete game tree at your disposal, this is a simple approach to implement.
		First of all, the number of game states on each level of the tree grows exponentially as you work your way down the tree, since there are as many as six possible moves that can be taken from any particular game state.
	www.ics.uci.edu /~jacobson/ics23/LabManual/02-EndOfTheGame.html (3156 words)

	Searches, tree pruning and tree ordering in Go
		In actual games, local success may mean global disaster; local problems spill out and combine with one another, and small details in the resolution of one problem become key points in the next.
		In descriptions of the game tree, I will use filial relationships among nodes (cousin, child, parent) in a fairly informal way; I hope it will not be difficult to follow.
		The examples use a negmax representation for the game tree, where all nodes are maximizers and the value of the parent is the negative of the maximum of the values of the children.
	www.andromeda.com /people/ddyer/go/search.html (3856 words)

	Game Trees in Realtime Games
		A game tree is a tree that consists of nodes.
		In a game that is not turnbased this is right out as your opponent can change the current state at any given moment.
		The first games you would get utterly obliterated by it cause it would always quickly send a pack of cheap units over to destroy your base.
	ai-depot.com /GameAI/GameTree.html (2464 words)

	Computer Science Game Trees
		Above is a section of a game tree for tic tac toe.
		If the game is over in the given position, then there is nothing to compute; minimax will simply return the score of the board.
		In fact, to completely search either of these games, we would first need to develop interstellar travel, as by the time we finish analyzing a move the sun will have gone nova and the earth will no longer exist.
	www.ocf.berkeley.edu /~yosenl/extras/alphabeta/alphabeta.html (1087 words)

	Game Tree - Game Theory .net
		A game tree (also called the extensive form) is a graphical representation of a sequential game.
		The game tree consists of nodes (or vertices), which are points at which players can take actions, connected by edges, which represent the actions that may be taken at that node.
		Every set of edges from the first node through the tree eventually arrives at a terminal node, representing an end to the game.
	www.gametheory.net /Dictionary/GameTree.html (160 words)

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