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	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The observatory was launched on the Space Shuttle Atlantis, mission STS-37, on 5 April 1991.
		Gamma ray burst 990123 (January 23, 1999) was one of the brightest bursts recorded at the time, and was the first GRB with an optical afterglow observed during the prompt gamma ray emission (a reverse shock flash).
		The discovery of terrestrial gamma ray sources in 1994 that come from thunderclouds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory (793 words)

	THE GAMMA RAY OBSERVATORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) is a space-based instrument designed to study the universe in an invisible, high-energy form of light known as gamma rays.
		Gamma rays are a form of light that cannot be seen by the human eye.
		The gamma rays emitted from celestial objects span a wide range of energies; the most energetic gamma rays to be studied by GRO have energies some 1 million times greater than the weakest.
	vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov /er/seh/gamray.html (2097 words)

	GRO
		The specific objectives of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory include (1) studying gamma-ray sources emitting in our Galaxy and beyond, (2) investigating evolutionary forces in neutron stars and fl holes, (3) performing detailed studies of nucleosynthesis, and (4) searching for primordial fl hole emissions.
		Astrophysical laboratory for gamma ray observations; deployed from STS-37 4/7/91; renamed Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was intentionally deorbited on by NASA over the objections of the scientific community on June 3, 2000.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/craft/gro.htm (477 words)

	Gamma-ray Burst FAQ
		Gamma ray bursts (GRBs for short) are intense and short (approximately 0.1-100 seconds long) bursts of gamma-ray radiation that occur all over the sky approximately once per day at very large distances from Earth.
		Gamma rays are very energetic photons (E>10^5 eV), which represent the most extreme portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (ranging from radio waves at the lowest energies through visible optical light at higher energies, to gamma rays at the highest energies).
		If there is more than one gamma ray burst on the same day, the letter a, b, c, etc. are added to the name (for example, the second gamma ray burst on July 4, 1999 is called GRB 990704b).
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~ejb/faq.html (2713 words)

	The Cosmic Gamma Ray Burst Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		A study of gamma ray burst spectra shows one more thing that these mysterious, cosmological gamma ray bursts are not.
		Gamma ray bursts were discovered by accident in the 1960's, and for the past 30 years they've been the target of intense research and speculation by astronomers.
		BATSE was designed specifically for the study of the enigmatic gamma ray bursters and has led to a new understanding of their origin and distribution in the universe.
	www.batse.com (488 words)

	Swift - Gamma Ray Space Observatory
		The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer is a three-telescope space observatory for studying the position, brightness, and physical properties of gamma ray bursts.
		Although gamma ray bursts are the largest known explosions in the Universe, outshining the rest of the Universe when they explode unpredictably in distant galaxies, their underlying nature and the cause of the explosion are true mysteries of astrophysics.
		Swift would use its gamma ray telescope, X-ray telescope, and ultraviolet/optical telescope to determine the nature of gamma ray bursts by probing distant regions of the Universe.
	www.src.le.ac.uk /projects/swift (220 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Gamma-Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		GRO makes gamma-ray map of Milky Way core.
		ESA launches most sensitive gamma ray observatory ever built.
		Observatory on a suicide mission.(Compton Gamma Ray Observatory to be directed in controlled plunge)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-GammaRayObs.asp (121 words)

	Gamma ray observatory debuts
		Yesterday’s inauguration of the first element of an international telescope array in Namibia provides astronomers with the most sensitive high-energy gamma ray observatory ever--a powerful new tool for studying the most violent processes in the universe.
		The intensity of Cherenkov radiation emitted by the particle shower produced by the gamma ray is proportional to the gamma ray's energy, whereas the geometry of the shower betrays its direction of origin.
		The new $3 million observatory, called HESS (High-Energy Stereoscopic System), is a European-African collaboration led by the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany.
	www.govertschilling.nl /artikelen/science/020904_sc.htm (376 words)

	Swift: Gamma-Ray Observatory fully operational
		The third telescope aboard NASA’s Swift gamma-ray observatory, the Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) with key involvement from UK scientists at University College London’s Mullard Space Science Laboratory, has seen first light and is now poised to observe its first gamma-ray burst.
		The UVOT is now poised on the Swift observatory to add to the limited data now available in optical wavelengths and to capture the first data ever available in ultraviolet wavelengths from an early gamma-ray-burst light curve.
		This is a ‘false-colour’ image with the shortest wavelength ultraviolet rays being represented as blue, and the longest visible light wavelengths as red.
	www.mssl.ucl.ac.uk /pages/general/projects/swift/uvot_firstlight_pr.htm (1383 words)

	Imagine the Universe! News Desk
		NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory re-entered the Earth's atmosphere at approximately 2:10 a.m.
		As planned, pieces of the observatory that survived the re-entry landed in the Pacific Ocean approximately 2,400 miles (3,862 km) southeast of Hawaii.
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was the second of NASA's Great Observatories and the gamma-ray equivalent to the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/features/news/05jun2000.html (799 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| European gamma ray observatory launched
		This radiation in the gamma ray spectrum is invisible to the human eye and any conventional telescope mirror.
		To analyze the energy emitted by gamma ray sources, a spectrometer is also included in the complement of instruments.
		Gamma rays are known to come from the vast supernovae of dying stars, fl holes and gamma ray bursts, which are not completely understood.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0210/17integral (1070 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions: Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
		The Compton Observatory is one of NASA's four Great Observatories, with the mission of observing the sky in the light of gamma-rays.
		The increased risk to human life from another gyroscope failure (assuming that the shuttle option is not used) is due to the 10% probability of a gyroscope failure, which would force the use of the zero-gyroscope reentry mode.
		They believe that the risks of continuing to fly CGRO are extremely low, that the planned reentry is unnecessary and that the intentional destruction of the Compton observatory would be a tragedy.
	www.nasawatch.com /cgro/05.16.00.cgro.faq.html (1372 words)

	NASA plans to de-orbit the massive Compton Gamma-ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Compton Gamma-ray Observatory is destined for a watery grave in the remote Pacific on June 3, 2000.
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was the most massive instrument ever launched by a NASA Space Shuttle in 1991 and continues to revolutionize gamma-ray astronomy.
		Using graphics and data from NASA's Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, this animation illustrates one of the most exciting mysteries of modern astrophysics, gamma-ray bursts.
	spacescience.com /headlines/y2000/ast25mar_1m.htm (882 words)

	BATSE Web
		The primary objective of BATSE was to study the phenomenon of gamma-ray bursts, although the detectors also recorded data from pulsars, terrestrial gamma-ray flashes, soft gamma repeaters, fl holes, and other exotic astrophysical objects.
		It was also capable of detecting less impulsive sources by measuring their modulation using the Earth Occultation technique.
		Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was removed from orbit by NASA on 4 June, 2000 bringing to an end the successful 9-year CGRO mission.
	gammaray.msfc.nasa.gov /batse (149 words)

	APOD: 2000 April 8 - Compton Observatory In Orbit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Explanation: Nine years ago the massive Compton Gamma Ray Observatory was deployed in low earth orbit.
		Lofted above the protective atmosphere, Compton's instruments could explore the extreme high-energy Universe in gamma rays, photons with 100,000 times or more the energy of visible light.
		The premier gamma-ray observatory far exceeded expectations for a two- to five-year mission, but a recent gyroscope failure has prompted NASA to decide to steer the satellite safely back into the atmosphere.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap000408.html (164 words)

	Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was the second of NASA's Great Observatories.
		Launched in 1991 as the most massive civilian payload to be launched by the shuttle at the time, CGRO's instruments collected data in the gamma ray region.
		Combined, they discovered over 400 gamma ray sources, 10 times more than had been previously known.
	www.ballaerospace.com /cgro.html (158 words)

	Physics Division \| The Milagro Gamma-Ray Observatory \| Los Alamos National Laboratory
		They are very inefficient detectors of the gamma rays in the EAS.
		Since gamma rays outnumber electrons and positrons by a ratio of roughly 4:1 and the scintillator covers less then 1% of the total area of the array, traditional EAS arrays have rather high energy thresholds.
		However, this method of distinguishing between gamma rays and nuclear cosmic rays is not as efficient as the imaging method used by ACTs.
	www.lanl.gov /milagro/detecting.shtml (454 words)

	Spacecraft: Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
		The 33,000-pound Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was one of the largest spacecraft ever launched on the Shuttle.
		During its time in orbit, the spacecraft explored violent and invisible gamma ray bursts, antimatter fountains, and particle jets streaming millions of miles per hour away from fl holes.
		Compton recorded over 2500 gamma ray bursts; before Compton, only about 300 had been detected, and only one third of those had known positions.
	www.aoe.vt.edu /~cdhall/Space/archives/000139.html (603 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		COMPTON GAMMA-RAY OBSERVATORY [Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory] see gamma-ray astronomy.
		Gamma-ray glow bathes Milky Way.(Compton Gamma Ray Observatory finds halo of gamma rays around Milky Way)(Brief Article)
		Gamma glow from the moon.(images from Compton Gamma Ray Observatory indicate moon's gamma rays are stronger than those of the sun)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-C1ompG1ammaO1bs.asp (162 words)

	SPACE.com -- New article compton gamma ray observatory plunges into Pacific oceanin a fiery suicide.
		New article compton gamma ray observatory plunges into Pacific oceanin a fiery suicide.
		"This is a painful time for the scientists who have used Compton for nine years...as it plunges into the atmosphere and flies apart," said Neil Gehrels, project scientist for the observatory at Goddard.
		Since Compton began its operation in orbit, over 700 scientists have used the satellite and its instruments to survey the surrounding universe, Gehrels said.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/compton_deorbits_000604.html (801 words)

	Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory the second of the “Great Observatories” of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
		In 1991 NASA launched the 17-tonne Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) into high Earth orbit.
		It carried four instruments designed to observe gamma...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Compton_Gamma-Ray_Observatory.html (112 words)

	GRO: The Gamma Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		On April 5, 1991, the space shuttle Atlantis carried into orbit the largest scientific payload every delivered via shuttle, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory known as CGRO.
		bursts of gamma rays that last for intervals of between 30 milliseconds to more than 1000 seconds.
		OSSE uses 4 separate detectors to observed sources at relatively low gamma ray energies from 100,000 to 10 million electron volts (0.1 to 10 MeV).
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/GRO.htm (267 words)

	StarChild: Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory was launched April 7, 1991 and observed the high-energy Universe until June 4, 2000 when it safely de-orbited and burned up in the Earth's atmosphere.
		The mission of CGRO was to study gamma-ray emissions in not only our galaxy, but other galaxies beyond ours.
		From creating an all-sky map which allowed scientists to better understand the interaction between cosmic rays and interstellar dust, to studying the mysterious phenomenon of gamma-ray bursts, CGRO opened wide a new window on the workings of the cosmos.
	starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/StarChild/space_level2/cgro.html (177 words)

	High Energy Gamma Ray Observatory
		PACT employs the wavefront sampling technique to study celestial VHE Gamma Rays.
		Very High Energy Gamma Ray Observations are carried out here using the well known Atmospheric Cerenkov Technique during clear moon-less nights of winter and spring months.
		Atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes (ACT) are deployed in the field in the form of an array called Pachmarhi Array of Cerenkov telescopes (PACT).
	www.tifr.res.in /~pnbhat/hegro.html (337 words)

	CGRO
		he Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory was launched on April 5, 1991.
		The second of NASA's great observatories, CGRO has four instruments that cover an unprecedented six orders of magnitude in energy, from 30 keV to 30 GeV.
		Over this energy range CGRO has an improved sensitivity over previous missions of a full order of magnitude.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/cgro/cgro.html (170 words)

	A Dictionary of Astronomy: Compton Gamma Ray Observatory @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		A Dictionary of Astronomy: Compton Gamma Ray Observatory @ HighBeam Research
		Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) A NASA satellite launched in 1991 April to observe gamma rays from celestial objects.
		GRO was the second of the series of Great Observatories.
	highbeam.com /doc/1O80:ComptonGammaRayObservatry/Compton+Gamma+Ray+... (123 words)

	Physics Division \| The Milagro Gamma-Ray Observatory \| Los Alamos National Laboratory
		Even then they could only look at the source if the weather was good and the moon was set.
		Milagro is ideally suited to monitor the variable TeV Universe and discover new sources of TeV gamma rays.
		In the following pages we will explain how we "see" these photons and what they may tell us about the Universe.
	www.lanl.gov /milagro (413 words)

	NASA - Swift Mission: Catching Gamma-Ray Bursts on the Fly...
		Swift is a first-of-its-kind multi-wavelength observatory dedicated to the study of gamma-ray burst (GRB) science.
		Its three instruments will work together to observe GRBs and afterglows in the gamma ray, X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical wavebands.
		The Swift satellite will be able to detect and study the fl hole/gamma ray burst connection.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/swift/main/index.html (454 words)

	APOD: 2000 January 16 - The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		APOD: 2000 January 16 - The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
		Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) was the most massive instrument ever launched by a
		NASA Space Shuttle in 1991 and continues to revolutionize
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap000116.html (146 words)

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