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Topic: Gamma camera

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Nuclear medicine

Gamma ray

Gamma knife

SPECT

Tomogram

Scintillation (physics)

Stress (physics)

Radiopharmaceutical

Radiology

Compton scattering

Meta state

Photoelectric effect

Spectroscopy

Radiation therapy

Technetium

	Spotlight: Gamma Camera
		Gamma imagers have been used in hospitals for several years, allowing radiographers to observe in detail a patient's lymph nodes and reveal tumours.
		Lees' camera could be used in parallel with the bigger gamma cameras to zoom in more closely on a tumour or diseased joints.
		An additional detector layer on the CCD is sensitive to the gamma radiation emitted by the radioisotope.
	www.psigate.ac.uk /spotlight/issue18/camera.html (460 words)

	Gamma ray - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gamma rays (often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) are an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactive decay or other nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation.
		Gamma rays are a form of ionizing radiation; they are more penetrating than either alpha or beta radiation (neither of which is electromagnetic radiation), but less ionizing.
		Gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, and UV rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gamma_ray (1872 words)

	Gamma camera - TheBestLinks.com - Nuclear, Photon, Vacuum tube, Camera, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The system accumulates counts of gamma radiation, specifically of those gamma photons which are absorbed by a crystal in the camera, usually a large flat crystal of sodium iodide with thallium doping designed for this purpose, housed in a light sealed housing.
		It serves as sort of a multiple pinhole camera lens to improve the spatial resolution of the detection process, though also significantly decreasing the sensitivity of detection since most of the photons aimed at the camera face are absorbed by the collimator.
		The sides and back of the camera are thick walled lead to provide shielding from gamma photons arriving from source the camera is not aimed toward.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Gamma_camera.html (516 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Since gamma cameras for each type of imaging (for example, SPECT or Compton scatter imaging) are expensive, the lack of adaptability has prevented the widespread use of different imaging techniques which, in conjunction, may complement the overall imaging of a patient.
		For example, the entire gamma camera may be rotated around a target with the detector surface of the gamma camera presented toward the target for performing SPECT imaging.
		While the disclosed tomographic camera and method of use have been particularly shown and described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=98/34132.980806&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (2531 words)

	Single photon emission computed tomography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the similar way as a plain X-ray is a 2-dimensional view of a 3-dimensional structure, the image obtained by a gamma camera image is a 2D view of 3D distribution of a radionuclide.
		SPECT imaging is performed by using a gamma camera to acquire multiple images (also called projections) from multiple angles.
		Because SPECT acquisition is very similar to planar gamma camera imaging, the same radiopharmaceuticals may be used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SPECT (913 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Gamma ray [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gamma rays (often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) are an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation (see Electromagnetic spectrum) produced by radioactivity or other nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation.
		Gamma rays are often defined to begin at an energy of 10 keV / 2.42 EHz / 124 pm, although electromagnetic radiation from around 10 keV to several hundred keV is also referred to as hard X rays.
		Gamma rays from nuclear fallout would probably cause the largest number of casualties in the event of the use of nuclear weapons in a nuclear war.
	encyclozine.com /Gamma_rays (1371 words)

	Gamma camera using rotating scintillation bar detector and method for tomographic imaging using the same patent ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		One or more detectors are used to detect the emitted gamma photons, and the information collected from the detector(s) is processed to calculate the position of origin of the emitted photon from the source (i.e., the body organ or tissue under study).
		The rotating slit camera has an elongated slit provided in an opaque disk located between the imaging object and the detector, such that scintillation event detection is obtained only in one dimension along the length of the slit (i.e., only a single spatial coordinate is obtained) at a time.
		One advantage of the rotating slit camera is that it eliminates the requirement for the inefficient simple collimator or pinhole apertures in the conventional Anger camera, which greatly restrict the percentage of gamma photons emanating from an imaging object that ultimately reach the detector.
	www.freshpatents.com /Gamma-camera-using-rotating-scintillation-bar-detector-and-method-for-tomographic-imaging-using-the-same-dt20050210ptan20050029461.php (1323 words)

	Gamma camera system - Patent 4061919
		When a gamma ray emanating from the region of investigative interest interacts with the crystal, a scintillation is produced at the point of gamma ray absorption and appropriate ones of the photomultiplier tubes of the matrix respond to the thus generated light to develop output signals.
		The resolution capabilities of gamma cameras incorporating scintillation detector crystals, inter alia, is limited both by the light coupling intermediate the detector and phototube matrix or array as well as by scatter phenomena of the gamma radiation witnessed emanating from within the in vivo region of investigation.
		Characterized as a gamma camera, the system operates in conjunction with a solid state detector, for instance of the ultra-pure germanium variety, which is formed having a plurality of discrete components.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4061919.html (17870 words)

	Gamma ‘camera’ eyed for security, medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The camera uses four-inch-square sheets of germanium to detect gamma rays, a high-energy form of light produced by nuclear reactions.
		GAMMA CAMERA — At the heart of the Compton Camera are sheets of germanium about four inches square, divided into strips and set into boxes about one inch deep.
		Gamma rays striking the sheets induce a shower of electrons, which are sensed by the wires crossing each sheet.
	www.anl.gov /Media_Center/News/2003/031031gammacam.htm (859 words)

	Gamma Camera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A block diagram of the basic components of a gamma camera is shown in Figure 1.
		The gamma camera can therefore be considered to be a sophisticated arrangement of electronic circuits used to translate the position of a flash of light in a scintillation crystal to a flash of light at a related point on the screen of an oscilloscope.
		The collimator is a device which is attached to the front of the gamma camera head (Figure 1).
	www.bh.rmit.edu.au /mrs/subject/mr100/gamcam.html (1905 words)

	Gamma camera
		A gamma camera is a complex device consisting of one or more detectors mounted on a gantry.
		The system accumulates counts of gamma photons that are absorbed by a crystal in the camera, usually a large flat crystal of sodium iodide with thallium doping in a light-sealed housing.
		The crystal scintillates in response to incident gamma radiation: when the energy of a gamma photon is absorbed, it emits a faint flash of light.
	www.mrsci.com /Radiology/Gamma_camera.php (636 words)

	SPECT Hardware Requirements
		The instrument used in Nuclear Medicine for the detection of gamma rays is known as the Gamma camera.
		The collimator is a pattern of holes through gamma ray absorbing material, usually lead or tungsten, that allows the projection of the gamma ray image onto the detector crystal.
		A gamma ray photon interacts with the detector by means of the Photoelectric Effect or Compton Scattering with the iodide ions of the crystal.
	www.physics.ubc.ca /~mirg/home/tutorial/hardware.html (591 words)

	Digirad: About - News & Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In a solid-state camera there are thousands of detector elements, each of which is connected to the readout system.
		Additionally, Digirad continues to expand its leadership position in solid-state gamma camera development with three additional patent allowance grants by the U.S. Patent Office in January 1999, and with over 20 additional U.S. patent applications pending in the area of solid-state radiation detection technology.
		The 2020tc Imager is a compact high performance, mobile gamma camera for nuclear medicine imaging and its design combines the advantages of solid-state reliability with improved performance features to provide enhanced image contrast.
	www.digirad.com /about_news-detail.asp?id=22 (541 words)

	Dilon Technologies, LLC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The camera's proven ability to provide clearer and more concise images to women with questionable mammograms is realized after years of cooperative scientific and medical research with the U.S. Department of Energy, several hospitals and major universities.
		The portable camera will soon be available in the areas most advanced breast imaging centers; providing rapid results at the patient's point of care.
		Researchers conclude that Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging with the Dilon 6800 yields a 97% Negative Predictive Value and high sensitivity for sub-centimeter cancers, which relates to its superb ability to determine the nature of suspicious lesions (cancerous or not), and to predict when cancers are truly there.
	www.dilon.com /pr_05112004.html (513 words)

	Learn about Panasonic's AJ-HDC27F - VariCam^® Variable Frame Rate 16:9 HD Cinema^TM Camera with ...
		This function greatly increases the camera's usable dynamic range, especially in traditionally limiting areas such as highlight handling, which until now was a serious limitation for most HD cameras.
		Cinematographers are able through the Cine Gamma feature to control the camera's gamma transfer function to best optimize control over tonality, from extreme highlights to the lowest of shadow areas.
		If you set the camera for 60-fps with no shutter, the exposure time is 1/60th of a second and each camera frame is recorded once on tape.
	catalog2.panasonic.com /webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ModelDetail?displayTab=O&storeId=11201&catalogId=13051&itemId=68646&catGroupId=14569&modelNo=AJ-HDC27F&surfModel=AJ-HDC27F (982 words)

	Gamma Camera Overview - IS2 Medical Systems
		Gamma cameras with the best resolution and performance at the best price.
		Here’s the top five reasons why IS2 cameras are the smart choice for the best diagnosis and maximum return on investment.
		And IS2 cameras can also be easily connected to most other makes and models of cameras and computers as well as peripherals such as printers, email and network components.
	www.is2medical.com /cameras/camera-overview.cfm (483 words)

	Gamma Camera Service - Molecular Imaging - Cancer Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A key modality of molecular imaging, the gamma camera has been used in imaging centers and hospitals for several years.
		San Antonio Molecular Imaging uses the gamma camera to “map” a patient’s body for physicians involved in the treatment of a disease.
		The patient is injected with a radioactive dye and asked to lie on the camera bed.
	www.texascancerclinic.com /sami/gammacamera.aspx (123 words)

	Clinical & Referral Service - Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		August 2002 marked an momentous occasion for the Equine Centre with the arrival of the new $600,000 state of the art gamma camera, jointly funded by Racing Victoria and the AE Rowden White Foundation.
		Nuclear Medicine, through the use of the gamma camera and other technologies, has many applications and benefits for horses whether they be thoroughbred or ponies.
		The advantage of the gamma camera is that it can detect alterations in bone structure of 1-2% where as x-rays require about a 40% alteration.
	www.equinecentre.com.au /crs_imaging.shtml (681 words)

	GW Hospital : Dilon 6800 Gamma Camera
		This camera may potentially revolutionize how doctors detect breast cancer, enabling them to detect breast cancer at its earliest, most treatable stages, perhaps saving lives in the process.
		Compared with current gamma camera technology, Dilon’s scans were able to detect smaller cancers and those in portions of the breast not well imaged with the currently available technology.
		More mobile and versatile than current gamma cameras, the new device has a flexible arm that can be placed right next to the woman’s chest, minimizing the distance between the breast and imaging receptor and helping to provide maximum resolution for suspect breast regions.
	www.gwhospital.com /p5575.html (252 words)

	PNNL Available Technologies: Calibrating Gamma Cameras with a Flood Source (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gamma camera imaging systems are essential tools in nuclear medicine.
		These systems are routinely checked for quality performance using sealed "flood" sources that present a uniform gamma field as a uniform gray-scale image in the camera field-of-view.
		Using a flood source, potential imaging system defects appear as lighter or darker regions to indicate locations of camera detectors that are not properly tuned.
	availabletechnologies.pnl.gov /biomedical/cal.stm (152 words)

	New scanner holds promise of better breast cancer detection
		When compared with scintimammographic images taken on a standard gamma camera, the new camera, called a high-resolution breast-specific gamma camera (HRBGC), was able to detect more (78%) malignancies than a standard gamma camera (68%).
		Standard gamma cameras have some significant drawbacks, including registration and resolution issues, and the fact that they cannot acquire multiple views, making it difficult detect lesions <1cm.
		After injection with the radiopharmaceutical, the women received consecutive scans; one with the conventional gamma camera, and then one with the prototype camera.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-07/sonm-nsh070102.php (588 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Gamma camera
		By far the most widely used gamma camera was invented by H. Anger in the 1960s and thus is also frequently called the Anger camera.
		The Anger camera principle is also used in one type of PET camera (see PET imaging), either using six crystals arranged in a hexagon configuration or retrofitting a dual head gamma camera with an electronic coincidence detection circuitry.
		Digital gamma cameras are currently under development which use arrays of small crystals digitally interfaced to a computer.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_i/g/GAMMA_CAMERA.aspx (147 words)

	A Portable Gamma Camera for Radiation Monitoring - Guru (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: A compact gamma camera capable of imaging high energy gamma rays (up to 2 MeV) is currently being developed for nuclear industrial applications.
		The incoming gamma ray direction is determined by a segmented collimator.
		The camera exhibits energy resolutions of 17% FWHM at 122 keV and 12% FWHM at 662 keV.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /91225.html (570 words)

	Veterinary Report Vol.22 No.4:Veterinary Nuclear Medicine
		With the right foreleg of the horse near the gamma camera, Janet signaled that the horse was ready to be scanned.
		Using a donated camera, they developed non-invasive techniques for diagnosis of equine lameness and lung problems that otherwise went undetected by conventional diagnostic techniques.
		The nuclear medicine facility received a new camera in February that not only has a larger field, but also has a crane and trolley system to move the camera easily about the animal.
	www.cvm.uiuc.edu /vetreport/fall1998/features/veterinary.html (830 words)

	Gamma camera positron emission tomography -- Bird et al. 74 (880): 303 -- The British Journal of Radiology
		Gamma camera positron emission tomography -- Bird et al.
		Feasibility of fluorodeoxyglucose dual-head gamma camera imaging in the evaluation of lung cancer: comparison with FDG PET.
		F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging with a dual-head coincidence gamma camera for detection of myocardial viability.
	bjr.birjournals.org /cgi/content/full/74/880/303 (1741 words)

	Gamma camera tomography apparatus - Patent 4220861
		According to the invention, an apparatus for making tomographic or normal surveys by means of a gamma camera comprises a base frame, which rotatably supports a discoidal member of horizontal axis, on which an articulation support for a survey head containing a gamma camera is radially mobile.
		The construction of such an apparatus involves problems which are not easily solved, in that a structure must be provided which is able to support a gamma camera in a manner mobile along a circumference about a patient, so as to take radial views thereof.
		It should be noted that by simply withdrawing the support 49 and halting the unit 12 in a predetermined angular position, the apparatus can perform the function of the normal gamma camera apparatus in which the patient is disposed in any suitable position, for example orthogonally to the axis of the discoidal unit 12.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4220861.html (1654 words)

	Nuclear Medicine Gamma Probe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Gamma Probe is particularly useful during cancer surgeries by onco surgeons and Head and Neck surgeons, and endocrine surgeons for breast, head and neck, thyroid, vulval and penile cancers, melanoma and also in parathyroid tumours.
		During surgery using the Gamma Probe, this sentinel node is identified, excised and sent for biopsy (frozen section).
		This Gamma probe radio guided surgeries are extensively used in US and European hospitals with proven efficacy.
	www.aimshospital.org /whatsnew/gammaprobe.html (426 words)

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