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Topic: Gamma ray

	Gamma ray - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gamma rays (often denoted by the Greek letter gamma, γ) are an energetic form of electromagnetic radiation produced by radioactive decay or other nuclear or subatomic processes such as electron-positron annihilation.
		Gamma rays are a form of ionizing radiation; they are more penetrating than either alpha or beta radiation (neither of which is electromagnetic radiation), but less ionizing.
		Gamma rays, x-rays, visible light, and UV rays are all forms of electromagnetic radiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gamma_ray (1887 words)

	Gamma ray burst - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Optical afterglow of gamma ray burst GRB-990123 (the bright dot within the white square and in the enlarged cutout) on 23 January 1999.
		The damage from a gamma ray burst would probably be significantly greater than a supernova at the same distance.
		A Soft gamma repeater is a type of magnetar which emits large bursts of gamma rays and X-rays at irregular intervals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gamma_ray_burst (3642 words)

	Gamma ray
		Gamma rays are often defined to begin at an energy of 10 keV / 2.42 EHz / 124 pm, although electromagnetic radiation from around 10 keV to several hundred keV is also referred to as hard X rays.
		Gamma ray is a term for high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by nuclear transitions, while X ray is a term for high-energy electromagnetic radiation produced by energy transitions due to accelerating electrons.
		Gamma rays from nuclear fallout would probably cause the largest number of casualties in the event of the use of nuclear weapons in a nuclear war.
	gamma-ray.ask.dyndns.dk (1317 words)

	Gamma ray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ray Gamma Anywere In the LÃricas Anywere Of the Galaxy In the LÃricas Gammas Of the Ray Of the Ray Of the LÃricas Of the Galaxy...
		The explosion of the ray is suspicious of the extinction
		Gamma center for the department of university of Washington of sciences of the space of the physics - Santo Louis, MONTH (arrows of McDonnell of the group of the ray of the high energy of I key in to extend itself)...
	ray.letgosearch.com /gamma-ray.htm (3708 words)

	A Mystery: Gamma Ray Bursts
		In addition to the constant flux of gamma rays illustrated in the adjacent image, there are also observed sudden pulses of gamma rays lasting typically seconds in which enormous amounts of energy appear to be poured out in gamma rays by still unknown sources.
		Furthermore, the mechanism producing the gamma rays must be such as to allow the gamma rays to escape without too much interaction with surrounding matter, because that interaction would convert the gamma rays to light of longer wavelength.
		Assuming these transients to be near the location of the gamma ray burst and the Doppler shifts to be Hubble redshifts, these observations have almost conclusively shown that gamma ray bursts are at cosmological distances and not in the halo of the local galaxy.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/cosmology/gammaray.html (765 words)

	Mars Odyssey: Technology
		By measuring gamma rays coming from the martian surface, it is possible to calculate how abundant various elements are and how they are distributed around the planet's surface.
		In the late southern summer on Mars in 2003, the buried ice in the north was not visible due to the thick polar cap of carbon dioxide.
		The gamma ray spectrometer consists of four main components: the gamma sensor head, the neutron spectrometer, the high energy neutron detector, and the central electronics assembly.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /odyssey/technology/grs.html (585 words)

	Gamma-ray laser (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		X rays are the most energetic forms taken by the photons of light and there are new technologies which offer the prospect for directly multiplying the numbers and energies of X ray photons from media of even microscopic dimensions.
		This was the first time a (gamma, gamma') reaction had been excited from an isomeric target as needed for triggering the release of exawatt materials and was the first evidence of the existence of giant pumping resonances.
		Unfortunately, because of the unfamiliar perspectives arising from the strongly interdisciplinary nature of the challenge in stimulating the emission of gamma rays, it is customary to feel that despite abundant evidence to the contrary, nuclei are somehow "shielded" by the electrons and cannot be "seen" by radiation emitted by non-nuclear sources.
	www.utdallas.edu /research/quantum/cqeseg3.htm (2169 words)

	Gamma-ray Burst FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gamma ray bursts (GRBs for short) are intense and short (approximately 0.1-100 seconds long) bursts of gamma-ray radiation that occur all over the sky approximately once per day at very large distances from Earth.
		Gamma rays are very energetic photons (E>10^5 eV), which represent the most extreme portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (ranging from radio waves at the lowest energies through visible optical light at higher energies, to gamma rays at the highest energies).
		If there is more than one gamma ray burst on the same day, the letter a, b, c, etc. are added to the name (for example, the second gamma ray burst on July 4, 1999 is called GRB 990704b).
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~ejb/faq.html (2713 words)

	Gamma-Ray Astronomy
		Even though cosmic rays have nothing to do with the electromagnetic radiation, they are difficult to distinguish from gamma-rays in detectors.
		As astronomers obtained the first precise measurements of gamma radiation from the centre of our galaxy, the Milky Way, they were surprised to find a high density of gamma-ray sources.
		During this decay there is often a gamma photon emission at a very specific frequency, which corresponds to a sort of spectral fingerprint of the nucleus.
	isdc.unige.ch /Outreach/Science/science.html (2455 words)

	Big Bertha Thing Gamma Ray Bursters
		While the satellite's gamma ray detector has poor resolution, a gamma-ray burst will generally have an X-ray component, which should allow the X-ray cameras to quickly pinpoint the source for observation by optical and other telescopes.
		At least one of the correlated optical sources may have had nothing to do with a gamma ray burst, and simply happened to be in the right place at the right time.
		There was a peak of gamma and X-ray emission 25 seconds after the event was first detected, followed by a somewhat smaller peak 40 seconds after the beginning of the event.
	www.geocities.com /tonylance/gammaray.html (2263 words)

	The Cosmic Gamma Ray Burst Web Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A study of gamma ray burst spectra shows one more thing that these mysterious, cosmological gamma ray bursts are not.
		Gamma ray bursts were discovered by accident in the 1960's, and for the past 30 years they've been the target of intense research and speculation by astronomers.
		BATSE was designed specifically for the study of the enigmatic gamma ray bursters and has led to a new understanding of their origin and distribution in the universe.
	www.batse.com (488 words)

	Download gamma ray mp3 - all artist song (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gamma ray is a term for high energy electromagnetic radiation produced by nuclear.
		The INTEGRAL Science Operations Centre (ISOC) The International Gamma Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) is an European Space Agency mission with the participation of Russia and the USA.
		BATSE was designed specifically for the study of the enigmatic gamma ray bursters and has led to a new.
	gammadownloadraymp3.blogspot.com (355 words)

	SPACE.com -- Gamma Ray Bursts and Supernovae
		To appreciate the enormous energy released by gamma ray bursts, or GRBs as they're called, an understanding of some of the elements that may go into the massive fireballs is useful.
		If the model is correct, writes Paradijs, then after detecting this high-energy, faster-moving jet from the gamma ray burst, astronomers ought to be able to spot the signature of a supernova in the vicinity.
		Gamma ray bursts were first observed in 1967, quite by accident after U.S. satellites were deployed to monitor possible violations of the nuclear test ban treaty.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/grb_supernova_991021.html (1041 words)

	Gamma ray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The race to the gamma explosion of the ray reveals the gigantic explosion, death and the birth
		The explosions of the ray range are the explosions of brief duration of photons of the ray range, the form more enÃ©rgia of light.
		Years 60 by the military satellites of the United States were discovered serendipitously in the last that was in the glance towards outside for the Soviet nuclear test in the violation of the atmospheric nuclear treaty of the interdiction of the test.
	gamma-ray.loadmp3music.com (516 words)

	Amazon.com: No World Order: Music: Gamma Ray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This is arguably the best album from Gamma Ray (GR) since Ralf Scheeppers left, and the second one after the "Heading For Tomorrow" -Of course, I exclude the "Blast From The Past", which is a "best-of..." release.
		Gamma Ray will always be compared somehow with Helloween, considering that Kai Hansen (guitar & vocals) of Helloween started this band...but there's lots of elements of modern prog bands and bombastic rock groups like Queen that make their influences clear within these songs.
		I cannot say that I own Gamma Ray's 7th album, No World Order (2001), nor any of their other records, but I will say this: having listened to samples of this album in it's entirety, as well as the full length Mp3 of "Heart of the Unicorn," I must say that the album is awesome.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00005RGH4?v=glance (2127 words)

	Gamma-rays (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Unlike optical light and X-rays, gamma rays cannot be captured and reflected in mirrors.
		In high-energy gamma rays, the Moon is actually brighter than the quiet Sun.
		The familiar sights of constantly shining stars and galaxies would be replaced by something ever-changing.
	imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov /ems/gamma.html (722 words)

	APOD: 2005 March 31 - Gamma Ray Earth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Earth's gamma-ray glow is indeed very faint, and this image was constructed by combining data from seven years of exposure during the life of the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory,
		Brightest near the edge and faint near the center, the picture indicates that the gamma rays are coming from high in Earth's atmosphere.
		The gamma rays are produced as the atmosphere interacts with high energy cosmic rays from space,
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap050331.html (222 words)

	( gamma ray ))) HOME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Founded by veteran concept art directors James Clyne and Feng Zhu, Gamma Ray Studios is the premier production house, providing original concepts, ideas, and art direction for the entertainment world.
		Located in Hollywood California, Gamma Ray has over ten years of experience in the film, game, and interactive industries.
		Gamma Ray Studios also specializes in the development of original Intellectual Properties (IP).
	www.gammaraystudios.com (116 words)

	Original discovery of gamma-ray bursts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For the many attendees at the Fourth Huntsville Gamma Ray Burst Symposium, Ray Klebasabel described how he discovered gamma ray bursts as he was making sure that his detectors would not be fooled by mother nature.
		Three more soon followed, and starting with Vela 3, the gamma ray detectors were made of cesium iodide which scintillates - flashes with visible light - when gamma rays pass through it.
		Renamed the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, it was launched in 1991 and joined a wide array of Earth satellites and deep space probes that carried much smaller detectors.
	science.msfc.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast19sep97_2.htm (873 words)

	NOVA Online \| Death Star \| A Bad Day in the Milky Way
		Busily scanning Earth for gamma rays from nuclear explosions, Vela satellites inadvertently discovered the most violent celestial explosions since the Big Bang.
		During the 1990s, the so-called Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), an instrument aboard NASA's orbiting Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, found that bursts lasting from fractions of a second to tens or hundreds of seconds occurred roughly once a day.
		Regardless of the mechanism producing the burst, the intense flux of gamma rays would likely be stopped in the lower stratosphere by collisions with atmospheric nitrogen molecules.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/gamma/milkyway.html (855 words)

	Gamma Ray mp3 album download
		Gamma Ray [Long Version] mp3, length - 449 sec.
		Gamma Ray (Edited Version) mp3, length - 318 sec.
		Gamma Ray (Long Version) mp3, length - 446 sec.
	e4q.com /362.html (1087 words)

	Gamma Ray - Last.fm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Founded in 1989 by Kai Hansen after leaving Helloween, Gamma Ray borrowed straight from the Helloween classics, and continued to pioneer Hansen's style of power metal.
		gamma ray german german metal germany hard rock heavy metal melodic death metal melodic metal melodic power metal metal power power metal progressive metal rock seen live speed metal symphonic metal thrash metal
		Listen to music, see charts for Gamma Ray - Land of the Free, Gamma Ray - Man on a Mission, Gamma Ray - Rising of the Damned, Gamma Ray - Rebellion in Dreamland, Gamma Ray - All of the Damned
	www.last.fm /music/Gamma+Ray (287 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Gamma-ray weapons could trigger next arms race
		The energy, emitted as gamma radiation, is thousands of times greater than that from conventional chemical explosives.
		Scientists have known for many years that the nuclei of some elements, such as hafnium, can exist in a high-energy state, or nuclear isomer, that slowly decays to a low-energy state by emitting gamma rays.
		The effect of a nuclear-isomer explosion would be to release high-energy gamma rays capable of killing any living thing in the immediate area.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4049 (976 words)

	Cosmic ray / Gamma ray / Neutrino experiments
		Although I try to be as comprehensive and as much up-to-date as possible, in particular in cosmic rays and gamma rays, such a collection can never be complete and some links may be out-dated or not functional.
		AGILE [Astro-rivelatore Gamma a Immagini LEggero] X-ray/gamma ray mission to be launched in October 2006.
		CANGAROO at Woomera, Australia [Collaboration between Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback].
	www.mpi-hd.mpg.de /hfm/CosmicRay/CosmicRaySites.html (2637 words)

	Wired News: Gamma-Ray Burst Mystery Unraveled
		But no data was available to prove it one way or the other because the evidence -- incredibly short bursts of gamma rays -- was too ephemeral for systematic observation.
		Now a flurry of research is coming to a head that offers the first detailed view of the origin of so-called short gamma-ray bursts, revealing a picture that is consistent with the merging neutron star theory.
		To solve this mystery, the Swift Gamma Ray Burst Mission was launched on Oct. 7, 2004.
	www.wired.com /news/space/0,2697,69071,00.html?tw=rss.TOP (755 words)

	The History of Gamma-ray Astronomy - Introduction
		Hard work by several brilliant scientists had shown us that a number of different processes which were occurring in the Universe would result in gamma-ray emission.
		These processes included cosmic ray interactions with interstellar gas, supernova explosions, and interactions of energetic electrons with magnetic fields.
		Such a background would be expected from the interaction of cosmic rays (very energetic charged particles in space) with gas found between the stars.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l1/history_gamma.html (1116 words)

	Lunar & Planetary Lab at The University of Arizona (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) is a significant component of NASA's Mars Surveyor Program.
		This will include a global map of water deposits, their variation with depth near the surface, and the seasonal changes of the polar ice caps.
		In addition, GRS will participate in the study of cosmic gamma ray bursts.
	grs.lpl.arizona.edu (127 words)

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