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Topic: Gamma-butyrolactone

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Gamma-butyrolactone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia gamma-Butyrolactone, also known as GBL, butyrolactone, 1,4-lactone, 4-butyrolactone, 4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone, is a hygroscopic colorless oily liquid with a weak characteristic odor of medium solubility in water (≥ 10 g / 100 ml). en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gamma-butyrolactone

1.4 butanediol ghb - see information on 1.4 butanediol ghb provided by Steroid Encyclopaedia Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL), Gamma Hydroxzybutiryc acid ( GHB) y 1.4 butanediol (BD). gamma butyrolactone and 1,4- butanediol to GHB, the symptoms were nearly... of gamma butyrolactone and 1,4- butanediol to GHB, the symptoms were... www.steroid-encyclopaedia.com /1/1.4-butanediol-ghb.html

Federal Analog Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (B) The designation of gamma butyrolactone or any other chemical as a listed chemical pursuant to paragraph (34) or (35) does not preclude a finding pursuant to subparagraph (A) of this paragraph that the chemical is a controlled substance analogue. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Federal_Analog_Act

CORK Bibliography: GHB After reports of toxic effects of gamma -hydroxybutyrate and its resultant regulation by the federal government, 1,4-butanediol and gamma- butyrolactone, another precursor of gamma- hydroxybutyrate and an industrial solvent, began to be marketed as dietary supplements. As predicted from the metabolism of gamma butyrolactone and 1,4-butanediol to GHB, the symptoms were nearly identical to those reported from GHB withdrawal. Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) was identified in the blood of 13 subjects arrested for impaired driving. www.projectcork.org /bibliographies/data/Bibliography_GHBGammaHydroxybut.html

Gamma X 98%GBL Gamma- butyrolactone, also known as GBL is one of the main components of GHB. Gamma X is extremely strong, as 1 to 2 ml should be enough for an adult person from 70 to 80 kg. In case of an overdose, symptoms may be similar as with GHB, such as loss of consciousness, slower respiration which can lead to an hart attack. www.qherbz.com /english/en-gb/p_133.html

CERI: Feature Article: The Emergence of GHB Alternatives It is also possible that the longer action of butyrolactone may become a liability with higher doses that are not fully cleared within the 6-8 hour sleep period. Butyrolactone alone is distributed in tanker truck loads to many industries. GHB is rapidly metabolized (within an hour of consumption), whereas butyrolactone is metabolized only after hydrolysis, which extends the sleep-inducing properties of butyrolactone. www.ceri.com /ghbalt.htm

GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE (4-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID GAMMA-LACTONE) Gamma-Butyrolactone is an intermediate for the manufacture of butyric acid compounds and pyrrolidones used as a plasticizer, solvent for polymers, nylon precursor and in insecticides. O between a carboxyl and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid forms gamma-butyrolactone and delta-hydroxydecanoic acid forms delta-decalactone spontaneously. 1,4-Butanolide; Butyric Acid Lactone; Butyrolactone; 4-Butyrolactone; Tetrahydro-2-Furanone Dihydro-2(3H)-Furanone; Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone; butyrylactone; butyrl lactone; dihydro-2(3H)-furanone; 4-deoxytetronic acid; 4-hydroxybutyric acid, gamma-lactone; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid cyclic ester; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone; tetrahydro-2-furanone; 1,4-Lactone; sigma-Butyrolactone; www.chemicalland21.com /arokorhi/lifescience/agro/GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE.htm

CNN - FDA takes action against bodybuilding supplement - January 21, 1999 While gamma butyrolactone itself isn't illegal, once consumed it metabolizes in the body to create gamma hydroxybutyric acid, or GHB, which is illegal to produce or sell. The supplements contain the ingredient gamma butyrolactone and are marketed under various brand names, including Blue Nitro, Renewtrient, Revivariant, GH Revitalizer, Gamma and Remforce. Marketed as muscle-building supplements and sold over the Internet and in health food stores and fitness centers, gamma butyrolactone products have also been touted as everything from a fat burner to a sleep aid to an aphrodisiac. www.cnn.com /HEALTH/9901/21/drug.recall/index.html

HB 273 - As Introduced - harmful intoxicant - gamma butyrolactone The bill adds gamma butyrolactone (GBL), a chemical that is also marketed as a dietary supplement, and 1,4 butanediol (BD), an industrial chemical that is contained in products used for their body building effects, to the list of “harmful intoxicants.” When either of these chemicals is taken to induce intoxication, it converts (i.e. Expands the definition of "harmful intoxicants" to include the chemicals gamma butyrolactone and 1,4 butanediol Expands the definition of "hamful intoxicants" to include the chemicals gamma butyrolactone and 1,4 butanediol www.lbo.state.oh.us /fiscal/fiscalnotes/124ga/HB0273IN.HTM

ghb analogs: Mick Hart's Bodybuilding Mag Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol are analogs of GHB that can be substituted for it. GBL (gamma butyrolactone) and BD (1,4 butanediol) are both chemicals that turn into GHB once ingested. GHB - Analogs - blue nitro, 2(3H) Furanone di-hydro, Revivarant, GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE,gamma butyrolactone, drug addiction, designer drugs, rave, gamma hydroxy butyrate... www.nobullcollection.com /28/ghb-analogs.html

NTP: Abstract for TR-406 - gamma-Butyrolactone A decreased incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms in dosed male mice and decreased incidences of mammary gland fibroadenomas and cysts and pituitary cysts in female rats were associated with the administration of g -butyrolactone. Synonyms: Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone (8CI) (9CI), 1,2-butanolide, butyrolactone, 1,4-butanolide, 4-butyrolactone, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone, g -hydroxybutyric acid cyclic ester, g -hydroxybutyric acid lactone, g -lactone 4-hydroxy-butanoic acid, butyric acid lactone, butyryl lactone, 4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone, tetrahydro-2-furanone, 4-butanolide, 4-deoxytetronic acid, g -hydroxybutyrolactone ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /index.cfm?objectid=07097962-0CEC-4EFA-62E349AF22EB2E9D

GHB FAQs: References "Effect of gamma- hydroxybutyrate and its antagonist NCS-382 on spontaneous cell firing in the prefrontal cortex of the rat". "Gamma hydroxybutyrate: Correlation of serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels with electroencephalographic and behavioral effects". "Gamma Hydroxybutyrate in the monkey - I: electroencephalographic, behavioral, and pharmacokinetic studies". users.lycaeum.org /~ghbfaq/references.html

Gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) GBL is also known chemically as dihydro-2 (3H)-furanone; butyrolactone; 1,2-butanolide; 1,4-butanolide; gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone; 3-hydroxybutyric acid lactone and 4-hydroxybutanoic acid lactone. The reason GBL was introduced into the dietary supplement marketplace is because it is easily converted into gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) after ingestion and is used as a prodrug of GHB. GHB has been classified as a schedule I substance and is illegal to use except in certain FDA-allowed clinical trials. www.gettingwell.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/gam_0285.shtml

Psychoactive and Addictive Substances Gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol are analogs of GHB that can be substituted for it. GBL is also known by the chemical names 2(3H)-furanone dihydro; butyrolactone; gamma-butyrolactone; 4-butyrolactone; dihydro-2(3H)-furanone; 4-butanolide; 2(3H)-furanone, dihydro; tetrahydro-2-furanone; and butyrolactone gamma. When taken orally, GBL is converted in the body to gamma hydroxybutyrate or GHB. drugandhealthinfo.org /page06.php?ID=258

RRR_2(3):2000 Gamma hydroxybutyric acid (GHB, Figure 1) is a naturally occurring, normal constituent of the human body found primarily in the basal ganglia. Pharmacologically, GHB acts as a neurotransmitter antagonist and is metabolized to succinic semialdehyde and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Therapeutically, it has been used as a general anesthetic and was purported to be a growth hormone stimulator by the health food industry. www.frfoundation.org /rrr23200.htm

Gamma-butyrolactone It is also a precursor of GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) which has become notorious as a "date rape" drug. It has also been claimed to be an odorant in popcorn, along with 2-pyridylketone. www.tlchm.bris.ac.uk /motm/ethylacetate/ghb.htm

Changmao Biochemical Engineering Company Limited¡ª¡ªS(-)-3-Hydroxy-gamma-Butyrolactone S(-) -3-Hydroxy-¦Ã- butyrolactone is an important intermediate in organic synthesis and an important chiral pool. www.cmbec.com /en/product/product13.htm

Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein (BarA) as a transcriptional regulator in Streptomyces virginiae -- Kinoshita et al. 179 (22): 6986 -- The Journal of Bacteriology Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein (BarA) as a transcriptional regulator in Streptomyces virginiae -- Kinoshita et al. Butyrolactone autoregulator receptor protein (BarA) as a transcriptional regulator in Streptomyces virginiae Nakano, H., Takehara, E., Nihira, T., Yamada, Y. Gene Replacement Analysis of the Streptomyces virginiae barA Gene Encoding the Butyrolactone Autoregulator Receptor Reveals that BarA Acts as a Repressor in Virginiamycin Biosynthesis. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/179/22/6986

Patent 5637442: Method for treating photolithographic developer and stripper waste streams containing resist or solder mask and gamma butyrolactone or benzyl alcohol A method is disclosed for using the simple, environmentally friendly organic compounds gamma-butyrolactone and benzyl alcohol to develop and to strip free radical-initiated, addition polymerizable resists, cationically cured resists and solder masks and Vacrel photoresists. Water rinse conditions in combination with the conditions in Table IV for the propylene carbonate and gamma butyrolactone were the following: rinse temperature: between about 20.degree.-60.degree. removing the gamma butyrolactone bearing fumes from the process; www.freepatentsonline.com /5637442.html

WSNIA - The Educator - Fall 2002 - article This may be gamma butyrolactone (GBL) or 1,4-butanediol (BD). Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is an illicit chemical that has become a major cause of drug-related comas in the US and other countries. Another analog that has surfaced, gamma hydroxyvalerate (GHV), is on its way to becoming as universal as GBL and BD. www.wsnia.org /articles/Fall2002/GHBAdd_Withd.htm

Gbl Paint Stripper Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL) Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) is another GHB precursor... The substance, gamma butyrolactone, or GBL, is marketed under a number of brand names, including Blue Nitro, Firewater... GBL is used industrially as an engine degreaser, paint stripper and solvent... www.home-decor-and-more.net /167/gbl-paint-stripper.html

Nail Care, Pedicure and Manicures-Butyrolactone Nail Polish GHB can be readily synthesized from gamma butyrolactone (GBL, Figure 2). Methods of Use: Used for the Butyrolactone Hydropropylcellulose - Gamma Butyrolactone... carrying the nail polish remover ONCE REMOVED or any other product with the primary ingredient of butyrolactone or gamma... www.nail-corner.co.uk /naildirectory/butyrolactone-nail-polish.html

CERI Q&A: Georgia, Land of Felons? So while you may be technically in compliance with Georgia law regarding your use of butyrolactone, the people who make, interpret and enforce the law have not demonstrated sufficient smarts to understand neither the full implications nor the subtlety of that which they are attempting to control. Given such idiocy, it is hard to answer your question as to whether or not the Georgia authorities would consider butyrolactone to be a controlled substance. In a professional, technical, scientific context, butyrolactone is not an optical, positional or geometric isomer of GHB. www.ceri.com /q_v7n2q2.htm

ATWH June 2001 GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate, an ergogenic agent and recreational central nervous system depressant drug popular in the 1980s) was linked to 71 deaths and has been banned for sale since 1990. www.ahcpub.com /ahc_root_html/products/samples/atwh062001c.html

GHB GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) is a naturally occurring component of human cells that is usually used as an intoxicating chemical obtained by the mixture of " lactone " (short for gamma butyrlactone -GBL) and lye (sodium hydroxide) in the proper amounts. Xyrem is a drug whose active ingredient is sodium oxybate, (gamma hydroxybutyrate or GHB), used to reduce the number of cataplexy attacks in patients with narcolepsy (cataplexy is a condition characterized by weak or paralyzed muscles). There are two other chemicals which are used as GHB equivalents: 1,4 -butanediol and gamma butyrlactone. cienciaforense.com /Pages/Toxicology/GHB.htm

butyrolactone Glycol Butyldiglycol Butyldiglycolacetate Butylhydroxytoluene (Bht) Butyrolactone C Calcium Chloride Calcium Chloride... Robinson Brothers is a well known, well established commercial manufacturer of specialty organic chemicals. A collection of molecules (mostly metal complexes), whose interactive 3-D models can be visualized with Chime. www.neis.com /chemnames/B/butyrolactone.asp

CERI Q&A: GBL Toxicity? The use of butyrolactone may be a second-choice solution, but it may be better than doing without GHB or butyrolactone. Certainly, the FDA and police will have a harder time eliminating butyrolactone because of wide-spread industrial uses that must be sacrificed to accomplish a zero-tolerance policy. In a long-term dosing experiment in rodents, very high doses of butyrolactone showed a surprising lack of toxicity [NTIS, 1992]. www.ceri.com /q_v7n4q1.htm

gbl paint stripper Gamma butyrolactone ( GBL), which is used in products such as paint stripper, varnish and other similar products, is mixed with more obtainale... As a result of stricter laws, Gamma butyrolactone ( GBL) and 1,4 butanediol (BD) have... Sodium Oxybate Made From: gamma butyrolactone ( GBL) and Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium... www.probrushes.com /paint/gbl-paint-stripper.html

Club Drugs Containing GHB Your Health Connection GBL (gamma butyrolactone) is the key ingredient in a number of products that promise better sleep, more enjoyable sex, or bigger muscles. If you're unsure whether a product contains GBL, GBH, or BD, look for these chemical names on the label: 1,4 butanediol, tetramethylene glycol, gamma butyrolactone, or 2(3H)-Furanone di-hydro. Unlike some supplements, GBL actually does something once it reaches the body: It changes to GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate), a potent depressant of the central nervous system. www.yourhealthconnection.com /topic/gbl

DEA Resources, Microgram, March 2004 Analysis of gamma- hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma- butyrolactone (GBL): Interconversion studies (22,23,24,25,26), by CE and HPLC (27), by GC/MS with BSTFA derivatization (28), by GC/MS and H1-NMR (29), by HPLC (30), by HPLC/UV-Vis and HPLC/Thermospray MS (31), by IR (32), and gamma- butyrolactone in wine by GC/MS (33). However, there is some low-level experimentation occurring with gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA), and comments indicate that the users believe that GABA will form GHB in vivo. Lewis A, Smith E. gamma - Hydroxybutyrate: From the 60's to the present. www.usdoj.gov /dea/programs/forensicsci/microgram/mg0304/mg0304.html

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