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Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia On February 18, 2006, Swift detected GRB 060218, an unusually long (about 2000 seconds) and nearby (about 440 million light years) burst which was unusually dim despite its close distance, and may be an indication of an imminent supernova. Swift had its first GRB trigger during a period when the autonomous slewing was enabled on January 17, 2005, at about 12:55 UT. It pointed the XRT telescope to the on-board computed coordinates and observed a bright source in the field of view. GRBs seem to take place at "cosmological distances," which means they can be used to probe the distant, and therefore young, universe. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swift_Gamma-Ray_Burst_Mission   (1096 words)

Gamma-ray astronomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Today, these gamma-ray bursts are seen to last for fractions of a second to minutes, popping off like cosmic flashbulbs from unexpected directions, flickering, and then fading after briefly dominating the gamma-ray sky. Gamma-ray astronomy is the astronomical study of the cosmos with gamma rays. Long before experiments could detect gamma rays emitted by cosmic sources, scientists had known that the universe should be producing these photons. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gamma-ray_astronomy   (821 words)

Closest Gamma Ray Burst Gamma Ray Bursts were first detected in 1967 by a satellite monitoring compliance with the 1963 atmospheric nuclear test-ban treaty. As they move farther from the burst, their motion should be detected as a change in their position in the sky. At its brightest, the visible light from this burst was detectable with moderate-sized amateur telescopes. www.nrao.edu /pr/2003/grb030329   (961 words)

Gamma-Ray Burst Physics Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are sudden, intense flashes of gamma-rays which, for a few blinding seconds, light up in an otherwise fairly dark gamma-ray sky. A dramatic development in the last several years has been the measurement and localization of fading x-ray signals a number of GRBs by the Beppo-SAX satellite. Much of the recent work has concentrated on GRB afterglows, a highlight of which was the successful prediction (Meszaros & Rees, ApJ 476, 232, Feb 10, 1997) of the general X-ray and optical behavior of GRB 970228. www.astro.psu.edu /users/nnp/grbphys.html   (923 words)

Gamma-Ray Burst Mystery Unraveled Gamma ray bursts are not "aimed" at the solar system like the article suggests. home » science » Gamma-Ray Burst Mystery Unraveled They were originaly thought to have been spherical until scientists realized that to be so would mean a gamma ray burst broke the laws of physics. digg.com /science/Gamma-Ray_Burst_Mystery_Unraveled_   (686 words)

Gamma-ray Burst FAQ Gamma ray bursts (GRBs for short) are intense and short (approximately 0.1-100 seconds long) bursts of gamma-ray radiation that occur all over the sky approximately once per day at very large distances from Earth. If there is more than one gamma ray burst on the same day, the letter a, b, c, etc. are added to the name (for example, the second gamma ray burst on July 4, 1999 is called GRB 990704b). The two main models of gamma ray bursts (see questions 9 and 10) both theorize that gamma ray bursts arise during the formation of a new black hole. www.astro.caltech.edu /~ejb/faq.html   (2713 words)

The Day The Atmosphere Turned Into a Micro Wave Oven As Arthur C. Clarke once pointed out, gamma explosions may be the reason why we don't notice much of extraterrestrial life forms: long before an alien civilization would have come to the point of going out in a UFO to explore the galaxy, a gamma ray burst would have wiped it away. Gamma ray bursts that damage our world are likely to happen once every 10 million years on average. That's why gamma ray bursts are often called 'the birth cries of black holes'. www.exitmundi.nl /Gamma.htm   (793 words)

Universe Today - Closer, Dimmer Gamma Ray Burst Spotted Cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are flashes of gamma rays that can last from less than a second to a few minutes and occur at random positions in the sky. Even though it was much closer, it wasn't much brighter than other bursts, and astronomers believe this could be the first discovery of a whole new class of gamma ray bursts which aren't as energetic, but could be much more common. A burst of gamma rays observed in 1998 in a closer galaxy appeared even fainter, about one hundred times less bright than GRB 031203. www.universetoday.com /am/publish/closer_dimmer_gamma_ray_burst.html?582004   (1036 words)

Gamma Ray Burst Followup at NOAO Gamma ray burst locations are available through the GRB Coordinates Network (GCN), organized by Scott Barthelmy and others at Goddard Space Flight Center. We have followed up several gamma ray bursts. Finally, some current burst information may also be available from the Astronomer's Telegram site. www.noao.edu /noao/grb   (664 words)

BATSE Current Gamma-Ray Burst Catalog The BATSE Burst Team has a policy of making gamma-ray burst data available to the scientific community as soon as possible. Describes the fraction of time a burst will be triggered on each of the trigger timescales as a function of GRB intensity. The trigger number is a running sequence of BATSE triggers that include cosmic bursts, solar flares and other events. f64.nsstc.nasa.gov /batse/grb/catalog/current   (387 words)

NOVA Online Death Star A Bad Day in the Milky Way Regardless of the mechanism producing the burst, the intense flux of gamma rays would likely be stopped in the lower stratosphere by collisions with atmospheric nitrogen molecules. During the 1990s, the so-called Burst And Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), an instrument aboard NASA's orbiting Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, found that bursts lasting from fractions of a second to tens or hundreds of seconds occurred roughly once a day. Unlike the detection of extrasolar planets, for which astronomers were actively searching, the discovery of gamma-ray bursts -- sudden unpredictable flashes of high-energy photons coming from space -- was serendipitous. www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/gamma/milkyway.html   (855 words)

Gamma-ray bursts: Introduction to a Mystery Gamma-ray bursts are short-lived bursts of gamma-ray photons, the most energetic form of light. Lasting anywhere from a few milliseconds to several minutes, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) shine hundreds of times brighter than a typical supernova and about a million trillion times as bright as the Sun, making them briefly the brightest source of cosmic gamma-ray photons in the observable Universe. These satellites carried gamma ray detectors since a nuclear explosion produces gamma rays. imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l1/bursts.html   (398 words)

APOD: 2000 June 28 - BATSE GRB Final Sky Map Terrestrial Gamma Flashes, unusual bursts of gamma rays that emanate from the Earth itself. GRB, and what happens in the initial stages of the explosion. GRBs occur across our universe and not in sky bands indicative of our Solar System or our Galaxy. antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap000628.html   (169 words)

News in Science - Ray burst may have wiped out life on Earth - 29/04/2004 Gamma-rays bursts (GRB) are extremely high-energy bursts of gamma-ray photons that shine millions of times brighter than the Sun. The researchers said the blast of energy from a GRB would have punched through the Earth's atmosphere and resulted in a powerful burst of UV radiation reaching the ground. The researchers argued that a GRB from our own galaxy could have been "at least partly" responsible for a major mass extinction of coral, sponges and shelled organisms at the end of Ordovician period, about 440 million years ago. www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s1097756.htm   (754 words)

Welcome to the Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer Mission The Swift Gamma Ray Burst Explorer carries three instruments to enable the most detailed observations of gamma ray bursts to date. The XRT and UVOT are X-ray and a UV/optical focusing telescopes respectively which produce sub-arcsecond positions and multiwavelength lightcurves for gamma ray Burst (GRB) afterglows. The positions and images derived by the various instruments are sent as soon as they are available from the spacecraft via the TDRSS system to the Gamma Ray Coordination Network (GCN). www.swift.psu.edu   (253 words)

SPACE.com -- Giant Space Blasts a Two-step Process Gamma ray bursts (GRBs) — the harbingers of death for some massive stars— are intense blasts of energy and radiation that eject from massive dying stars. Intense bursts of high-frequency gamma ray and X-ray radiation from exploding stars were discovered nearly four decades ago. But after closely observing five GRBs and measuring the patterns of X-ray emission, the INAF scientists determined that the afterglow was instead caused by violent shock interactions caused by the initial high-intensity blast. www.space.com /scienceastronomy/050817_swift_bursts.html   (642 words)

ESA Science & Technology: A gamma-ray burst bonanza Such precision observations are providing scientists with a remarkable view of gamma-ray bursts, which occur randomly, fade within seconds, and yet shine with the intensity of millions upon millions of Suns. The process takes a little time, but within a few days, scientists have enough information to find the gamma-ray burst afterglow and study it. Scientists say that these bursts signal the birth of a brand new black hole, either through the death of a massive star or through the merger of two neutron stars or black holes. sci.esa.int /content/news/index.cfm?aid=21&cid=44&oid=32011   (449 words)

Scientists witness visible light from a powerful gamma-ray burst The gamma ray and optical counterpart burst is near the constellation Corona Borealis. Due to the challenges of determining the burst position in the sky, previous observations of visible light from gamma-ray bursts have all been made hours after the burst had ended. The entire duration of the gamma-ray burst was only 110 seconds, but in that brief span of time Akerlof's team was able to do what had never been done before: follow the variations of visible light throughout the burst. science.nasa.gov /newhome/headlines/ast27jan99_1.htm   (2092 words)

Wired News: Gamma-Ray Burst Mystery Unraveled Since the 1980s, the two most popular theories of the origin of gamma-ray bursts postulated stupendous explosions at gigantic distances, either from a supernova caused by the sudden collapse of a massive star's core, or the merger of two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole. To solve this mystery, the Swift Gamma Ray Burst Mission was launched on Oct. 7, 2004. Gamma-ray bursts have been one of astronomy's most challenging mysteries since their discovery in the early 1970s. www.wired.com /news/space/0,2697,69071,00.html?tw=rss.TOP   (755 words)

BBC NEWS Science/Nature Most distant cosmic blast sighted Gamma-ray bursts are intense flares of high-energy radiation that appear without warning from across the cosmos. The latest, record gamma-ray burst was detected on 4 September, 2005, and lasted about three minutes. Scientists on four continents, using a variety of telescopes, have been tracking the burst and its afterglow as it gradually faded. news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/4237800.stm   (583 words)

SPACE.com -- First Gamma Ray Burst Captured at Initial Eruption Astronomers believe that gamma ray bursts (GRBs) occur when a black hole is born or merges with another star, releasing a flurry of energy greater than any other event in the universe. They usually first detect a burst using x-ray or gamma ray observations, both of which are invisible to the naked eye. A worldwide network of telescopes has for the first time detected a rare "dark" gamma ray burst within a minute after the event, potentially doubling the number of observable bursts and changing scientists' theories of these energetic events. www.space.com /scienceastronomy/dark_grb_021223.html   (908 words)

HubbleSite - Gamma-Ray Burst Found to be Most Energetic Event in Universe - 5/6/1998 A team of astronomers has announced that a recently detected gamma-ray burst was as bright as the rest of the universe, releasing a hundred times more energy than previously theorized. The extremely faint and distant object marked with an arrow is the host galaxy of the gamma-ray burst. This Hubble image of the GRB 971214 field was taken about four months after the burst, well after the afterglow had faded away. hubblesite.org /newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/1998/17   (190 words)

Universe Today - Gamma Ray Burst Mystery Solved "Gamma-ray bursts in general are notoriously difficult to study, but the shortest ones have been next to impossible to pin down," said Dr. Neil Gehrels of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., principal investigator of NASA's Swift satellite and lead author on one of the Nature reports. Four short gamma-ray bursts have been detected since May. Two of these are featured in four papers in the October 6 issue of Nature. Ricker added that the July 9 burst and probably the May 9 burst are located in the outskirts of their host galaxies, where old merging binaries are expected to be. www.universetoday.com /am/publish/grb_mystery_solved.html?5102005   (1218 words)

BBC NEWS Science/Nature Gamma-ray burst mystery solved "All gamma-ray bursts may have associated supernovae that are too faint to observe," says Matheson, who believes that because the burst was both close and bright, the supernova was detectable. At the moment, researchers cannot yet determine the timing of the gamma burst relative to the supernova (whether one preceded the other or whether both began at the same time), but the same event - a star explosion - was certainly the trigger for both, they say. After news of the latest burst was relayed around the world, astronomers working at the 6.5-metre Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) at Mount Hopkins in Arizona, US, were able to interrupt their schedule to look at the burster. news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2949735.stm   (623 words)

NASA - Top Story - gamma-ray burst "Rosetta Stone" This telling March 29 burst in the constellation Leo, one of the brightest and closest on record, reveals for the first time that a gamma-ray burst and a supernova-- the two most energetic explosions known in the Universe -- occur essentially simultaneously, a quick and powerful one-two punch. Scientists have pieced together the key elements of a gamma-ray burst, from star death to dramatic black hole birth, thanks to a March 29, 2003 explosion considered the "Rosetta stone" of such bursts. In previous gamma-ray bursts, scientists had found evidence of iron in the afterglow light, a signature of a star explosion. www.nasa.gov /centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/0618rosettaburst.html   (1670 words)

Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: The Brightest Explosions in the Universe -- [ ASTRONOMY ] -- Every time a gamma-ray burst goes off, a black hole is born The flash was another of the famous gamma-ray bursts, which in recent decades have been one of astronomy's most intriguing mysteries. The first sighting of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) came on July 2, 1967, from military satellites watching for nuclear tests in space. If the event had instead taken place a few thousand light-years away, it would have been as bright as the midday sun, and it would have dosed Earth with enough radiation to kill off nearly every living thing. www.sciam.com /article.cfm?articleID=00056F3D-4B5A-1DC8-AF71809EC588EEDF&chanID=sa008   (284 words)

Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: A Gamma-Ray Burst, in Detail Gamma-ray bursts typically last less than a hundred seconds, and much of the information gathered about them so far has relied on data from afterglows, which are lower-energy forms of light that can linger for days or weeks following the events. The authors say their findings support the so-called collapsar model for gamma-ray bursts, which posits that the explosions result from stars that are collapsing to form black holes. "If a gamma ray burst is the birth cry of a black hole, then the HETE satellite has just allowed us into the delivery room," says Derek Fox of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif., and the lead author of the report. www.sciam.com /article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=0005A5FA-0A9E-1E79-A98A809EC5880105   (398 words)

Official NASA Swift Homepage Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions the Universe has seen since the Big Bang. With Swift, a NASA mission with international participation, scientists will now have a tool dedicated to answering these questions and solving the gamma-ray burst mystery. Its three instruments will give scientists the ability to scrutinize gamma-ray bursts like never before. heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/swift/swiftsc.html   (282 words)

Gamma-ray Burst 011211 GCN 1200), the gamma ray energy released, assuming isotropy, is 6.3x10^52 erg, assuming a Friedman-Robertson-Walker cosmology with H0=65 Km/s Mpc and Omega_m=0.3. COMMENTS: X-ray Rich GRB detected in WFC1 (XRF011211) On Dec. 11, 19:09:21 UT an X-ray rich GRB (XRF011211) has been detected in BeppoSAX WFC1 www.aip.de /~jcg/grb011211.html   (2777 words)

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