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Topic: Gammaretrovirus

	Medscape MEDLINE search: Gammaretrovirus
		Silencing and variegation of gammaretrovirus and lentivirus vectors.
		The koala retrovirus (KoRV) is a gammaretrovirus closely related to the gibbon ape leukemia virus and induces leukemias and immune deficiencies associated with opportunistic infections, such as chlamydiosis.
		Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), Gammaretrovirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, a Lentivirus, are members of the family Retroviridae, and may establish persistent infections in the domestic cat (Felis catus).
	search.medscape.com /uslclient/searchMedline.do?queryText=Gammaretrovirus (1095 words)

	For a number of yeas, gammaretroviruses have been used in the clinic as a gene transfer vector
		The vector was derived from a murine gammaretrovirus, a member of the Retroviridae family.
		Gammaretrovirus vectors integrate into the host genome, potentially resulting in long-term expression of the therapeutic gene for the life of the transduced cells and their progeny.
		However, one limitation to the use of gammaretroviral vectors is that they do not transduce non-dividing cells, such as macrophages, resting T lymphocytes, unstimulated hematopoietic stem cells, or neurons.
	www.fda.gov /ohrms/dockets/ac/01/briefing/3794b2_02.htm (3489 words)

	Gammaretrovirus Terms and Definitions at www.MedicalGlossary.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Leukemia Virus, Gibbon Ape - A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia in the gibbon ape.
		Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses, Avian - A group of viruses in the genus GAMMARETROVIRUS comprising a few isolates from birds, with no known corresponding endogenous relatives.
		Originally isolated from a fibrosarcoma in a woolly monkey, WMSV is a replication-defective v-onc virus which carries the sis oncogene.
	www.medicalglossary.org /retroviridae_gammaretrovirus_definitions.html (342 words)

	Retroviridae Terms and Definitions at www.MedicalGlossary.org
		Family of RNA viruses that infects birds and mammals and encodes the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
		A key feature of retrovirus biology is the synthesis of a DNA copy of the genome which is integrated into cellular DNA.
		Gammaretrovirus - A genus of RETROVIRIDAE comprising endogenous sequences in mammals, related RETICULOENDOTHELIOSIS VIRUSES, AVIAN, and a reptilian virus.
	www.medicalglossary.org /rna_viruses_retroviridae_definitions.html (547 words)

	CBER Expertise - Carolyn A. Wilson, Viral Safety Studies in Xenotransplantation and Gene Therapy Products
		For example, a derivative of a mouse gammaretrovirus was used for gene therapy given to children in a clinical trial for X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (more commonly known as the "Bubble Boy Disease").
		Although this therapy appeared to be highly effective, some patients developed a serious adverse event, leukemia, demonstrating that these animal viruses may cause disease in humans.
		We use molecular biology, tissue culture, and animal models to study the conditions that affect virus infection and transmission, with an emphasis on studying the factors that influence the ability of PERV to infect human cells.
	www.fda.gov /cber/research/wilson.htm (463 words)

	IOTF- Interagency Oncology Taskforce
		Gammaretroviruses, or those retroviruses formerly classified as type C, are retroviruses with a simple genomic and particle structure, many of which have been shown to cause tumors in certain animal models.
		Wilson's laboratory, in recent years, has been studying a gammaretrovirus that is present as an endogenous element in the pig genome.
		Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are heritable viruses, present in all pigs, and in all pig cells.
	iotftraining.nci.nih.gov /wilson.html (324 words)

	Retrovirology \| Full text \| Intrahost variations in the envelope receptor-binding domain (RBD) of HTLV-1 and STLV-1 ...
		The prototypic Gammaretrovirus MLV SU comprises several variable regions that confer receptor binding properties which are distinctive of MLV subgroups [26].
		HTLV SU has been shown to have a modular structure similar to that of MLV SU [27,28] and like all identified gammaretrovirus envelopes [29,30] it recognizes a multimembrane-spanning nutrient-transporter as a receptor.
		The first 160 amino acids of the 291 residue-long mature HTLV-1 SU have been shown to contain the HTLV Env receptor binding domain (RBD) and to direct binding to the glucose transporter GLUT1 shown to be a HTLV-1 and 2 receptor [28,31,32].
	www.retrovirology.com /content/3/1/29 (3615 words)

	In Vitro Characterization of a Koala Retrovirus -- Oliveira et al. 80 (6): 3104 -- The Journal of Virology
		The recent cloning and characterization of a full-length gammaretrovirus
		The recent isolation of a gammaretrovirus from koalas (6) with
		KoRV, an endogenizing genomic relative of the exogenous gammaretrovirus
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/80/6/3104 (1820 words)

	Characterization of HIV-1 vectors with gammaretrovirus envelope glycoproteins produced from stable packaging cells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		High-titre HIV-1 vectors bearing gammaretrovirus envelopes (Env) are continuously produced from STAR cells.
		Our results indicate that gammaretrovirus pseudotypes from STAR cells are relatively stable at 37°C and are resistant to inactivation by freeze
		All pseudotypes could be efficiently concentrated, but soluble gammaretrovirus Env could act as an inhibitor of infection.
	origin.www.nature.com /gt/journal/v11/n7/abs/3302189a.html (272 words)

	[No title]
		The apparently spherical nucleocapsid (nucleoid) is eccentric for members of the genus Betaretrovirus, concentric for members of the genera Alpharetrovirus, Gammaretrovirus, Deltaretrovirus, and Spumavirus, and rod or truncated cone-shape for members of the genus Lentivirus (Fig.
		Historically, a nomenclature based on electron microscopy classified members of the Alphavirus and Gammaretrovirus genera, which assemble their immature capsids at the plasma membrane, as C-type viruses.
		Members of the Betaretrovirus genus in contrast were said to assemble A-type particles (immature capsids) in the cytoplasm which then budded with either a B-type (MMTV) or D-type (Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, M-PMV) morphology.
	www.virustaxonomyonline.com /virtax/lpext.dll/vtax/agp-0013/rtr03/rtr03-sec1-0001?f=templates&fn=document-frame.htm&2.0 (1450 words)

	Virology Journal \| Abstract \| 1743-422x-3-101 \| Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of a new Amphotropic murine ...
		The molecular, biological and phylogenetic properties of amphotropic retroviruses including MuLV-1313 are distinct compared to a large family of exogenously- or endogenously-transmitted ecotropic, polytropic and xenotropic MuLV strains of the laboratory and feral mice.
		Further, both the naturally occurring amphotropic and a biologically discrete ecotropic retrovirus of the Southern California wild mice are more closely related to each other on the evolutionary tree than any other mammalian gammaretrovirus indicating a common origin of these viruses.
		This is the first report of a complete genomic analysis of a unique group of phylogenetically distinct amphotropic virus.
	www.virologyj.com /content/3/1/101 (501 words)

	ECACC -
		However, the cell lines displayed in Table 1 represent a stable HIV-1 packaging system.
		These cell lines offer the opportunity to generate HIV vectors with a variety of different gammaretrovirus envelope proteins.
		The murine leukaemia virus amphotropic (MLA-A) envelope protein allows transduction of cells from a wide variety of species including human and mouse cells.
	www.ecacc.org.uk /detail2.asp?itemid=92707 (305 words)

	6th Annual Symposium on Antiviral Drug Resistance: Targets and Mechanisms -- Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN cDNA encoding a C-terminally truncated form of CPSF6 was identified in an expression screen for factors that interfere with HIV-1 replication.
		Infection by different primate lentiviruses, including replication competent X4-tropic and R5-tropic HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV, is strongly inhibited by truncated CPSF6 whereas infection by the gammaretrovirus MLV is not.
		The infection block is postentry and appears to either interfere with the proper trafficking of the HIV-1 reverse transcription complex or stability of the viral cDNA genome.
	web.ncifcrf.gov /campus/symposium/abstract33_2005.html (328 words)

	Retrovirus Encyclopedia Article @ Genetically.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Genus Betaretrovirus; type species: Mouse mammary tumour virus
		Genus Gammaretrovirus; type species: Murine leukemia virus; others include Feline leukemia virus
		Genus Deltaretrovirus; type species: Bovine leukemia virus; others include the cancer-causing Human T-lymphotropic virus
	www.genetically.org /encyclopedia/Retrovirus (1054 words)

	[No title]
		The Gypsy retroelement can spread in the germ line of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster via both env-independent and env-dependent processes.
		Thus, Gypsy is both an active retrotransposon and an infectious retrovirus resembling the gammaretrovirus MuLV.
		However, unlike gammaretroviruses, the Gypsy Gag structural precursor is not processed into Matrix, Capsid and Nucleocapsid (NC) proteins.
	lib.bioinfo.pl /auth:Gabus,C (4808 words)

	Free Association: March 2006 Archives
		The paper by Anatoly Urisman and colleagues, just published in PLoS Pathogens, describes data that was presented at the February meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, and covered in the press at that time.
		report a novel gammaretrovirus in 8 out of 20 prostate cancers from individuals homozygous (QQ) for a common R462Q variant in RNase L, an enzyme that degrades viral and cellular single-stranded RNAs.
		Only one tumor out of 66 from individuals who did not have the QQ genotype harbored such a virus.
	blogs.nature.com /ng/freeassociation/2006/03 (3570 words)

	00.061. Retroviridae - ICTVdB Index of Viruses
		The list of species demarcation criteria is: - Differences in genome sequence,
		Several primate retroviruses have been described that appear to be divergent members of a single virus that arose from a recombination event in which the env gene of a primate gammaretrovirus was captured.
		The most divergent of these are the endogenous Squirrel monkey retrovirus (SMRV) and Langur virus (LNGV), which are unable to infect cells from the primate species of origin.
	phene.cpmc.columbia.edu /Ictv/fs_retro.htm (944 words)

	Retrovirology \| Full text \| Review of the twelfth West Coast retrovirus meeting
		This suggests GALV and KoRV probably originated from a common ancestor, with KoRV diverging at an earlier time point than GALV.
		One potential source could be an infectious murine gammaretrovirus, as elements related to the envelope genes of GALV and KoRV were found in the genomes of several Asian feral mice species.
		In an attempt to identify potential vectors for transmission between koalas in Australia and gibbon apes in Thailand, Eiden et al found both GALV and KoRV were able to infect mosquito cells, thus establishing the possibility that insects could have acted as an infectious intermediate.
	www.retrovirology.com /content/2/1/72 (5724 words)

	6th Annual Symposium on Antiviral Drug Resistance: Targets and Mechanisms -- Program
		RHESUS TRIM5-ALPHA IMPOSES AN EARLY REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION BLOCK ON CELL MEMBRANE FUSION OR ENDOCYTOTIC ROUTES OF HIV-1 INFECTION
		While CA appears to be associated with the reverse transcription complex (RTC) of the gammaretrovirus MLV, it is hypothesized that the CA shell of HIV-1 uncoats soon after virion penetration, and this step is necessary for the efficient initiation of reverse transcription.
		Biochemically purified HIV-1 RTCs capable of cDNA synthesis have little or no CA.
	web.ncifcrf.gov /campus/symposium/abstract54_2005.html (451 words)

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