
	Where results make sense

Topic: Gandhara

Related Topics

Gandara

Kuninda kingdom

Kalinga (India)

Pala Empire

Kushan Empire

Buddhist art

Hadda

Rashtrakuta

History of Buddhism

Kharosthi

Purushapura

Buddhist symbolism

Gandharan Buddhist texts

Vajrapani

Chalukya

In the News (Sat 11 Oct 08)

Angelina Jolie

Brett Myers

Manmohan Singh

Charlie Manuel

Japanese Grand Prix

Nobel Peace Prize

Halo 3

Swedish Academy

Ricky Ponting

Dalai Lama

	Gandhara
		Gandhara is the name of an ancient province and kingdom, which in classical times, was limited to a small region in ancient India.
		In the sixth to fourth centuries BCE Gandhara was dominated under the Achaemenid Dynasty of Iran.
		The Gandhara schools is probably credited with the first representation of the Buddha in human form, the portrayal of Sakyamuni in his human shape, rather than shown as a symbol.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/gandhara.shtml (1480 words)

	Greco-Buddhist art - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Under the Indo-Greeks and then the Kushans, the interaction of Greek and Buddhist culture flourished in the area of Gandhara, in today’s northern Pakistan, before spreading further into India, influencing the art of Mathura, and then the Buddhist art of the Gupta empire, which was to extend to the rest of South-East Asia.
		The motif was adopted extensively throughout the Indian sub-continent, Atlas being substituted for the Indian Yaksa in the monuments of the Sunga around the 2nd century BCE.
		The earliest Hellenistic statues of the Buddha portray him in a style reminiscent of a king, where the traditional Buddhist symbols (the Dharma wheel, the empty throne, the Bodhi tree, the lions) are absent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art (4922 words)

	Buddhist Art of North-West Pakistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Economic prosperity of Gandhara, and the importance of her key position in the world's commerce is attested to alike by literary and historical records and archaeological records.
		In arts and crafts, also, Gandhara was well-advanced and her products, which included delicately-worked gold and silver jewelry and carved ivory and metal objects, were highly prized in many parts of the civilized world.
		For this fusion, the ground was already prepared by the long and intimate contact of Gandhara with West, further strengthened by migration of artists and craftsmen and import of art objects from Roman Empire during the prosperous reign of Kanishka.
	www.caroun.com /Art/Pakistan/BuddhistArtofNorth-WestPakistan.html (2002 words)

	Gandhara Era (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The materials used for Gandhara sculpture were green phyllite and gray-blue mica schist, which, in general, belong to an earlier phase, and stucco, which was used increasingly after the 3rd century A.D. The sculptures were originally painted and gilded.
		Gandhara's role in the evolution of the Buddha image has been a point of considerable disagreement among scholars.
		The Gandhara school drew upon the anthropomorphic traditions of Roman religion and represented the Buddha with a youthful Apollo-like face, dressed in garments resembling those seen on Roman imperial statues.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/gandhara.html (307 words)

	Gandhara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gandhara is also thought to be the location of the mystical Lake Dhanakosha, birthplace of Padmasambhava, founder of Tibetan Buddhism.
		Recording and Preserving Gandhara's Cultural Heritage Article in Culture Without Context by Robin Coningham and Ihsan Ali, describing the history of archaeological looting in the Gandhara region of Pakistan.
		Gandhara Period Painting Discovered From Dawn, a hand-made painting on stucco plaster, dating between 3rd and 5th century AD, has been recovered from the ruins of a monastery, locally called Jinna Wali Dehri, about 18km from here near Khanpur.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Gandhara.html (509 words)

	Gandhara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gandhara was located on the grand northern high road (Uttarapatha) and was a centre of international commercial activities.
		Gandharas and their king figure prominently as strong allies of the Kurus against the Pandavas in Mahabharata war.
		Both Gandhara and Kamboja soon fell a prey to the Achaemenian Dynasty of Persia during the reign of Cyrus the Great or in the first year of Darius I.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Gandhara_culture.htm (3697 words)

	Gandhara - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Gandhara, historic region in the northwest of ancient India, comprising what is now northwestern Pakistan.
		In northwest India, in a region that was called Gandhara in ancient times and now includes Afghanistan and part of the Punjab, a Greco-Buddhist...
		Taxila, also known as Takshasila, important, ancient cultural and trade center and seat of learning, the capital of the famed region of Gandhara in...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Gandhara.html (80 words)

	The Gandhara Exhibition
		The kingdom of Gandhara was mentioned in the Rig Veda in a poem attributed to Gandharae and Aryan patriarch who established a colony on the southern bank of the river Kophas (now the Kabul river).
		Gandhara is also mentioned in historical sources dating to the 6th century B.C. when it was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire during the reigns of Cyrus II and Darius I. Gandhara was a seat of Buddhist culture from the 1st century B.C. to the 5th century A.D. and greatly influenced the arts of Asia.
		The main gallery with images of Buddha and a presentation of his life reveal that the sculpture of Gandhara was essentially religious in character as it narrated the life of Buddha in stone, bronze, terracotta or stucco.
	ilil.essortment.com /gandharabuddhis_rvqr.htm (813 words)

	Gandhara University History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gandhara University is one of the recent generations of Pakistan Universities, established in the private sector in November 2002 at Peshawar, indeed of the most ancient lands known to man. The name of university was selected on the basis of once known "Gandhara" is dotted profusely with archaeological cities of great cultural significance.
		A case for the establishment of Gandhara University was initiated in 1997.
		the Gandhara University envisaged to grow as a modern central of excellence both nationally and internationally, having inspiration from diverse eastern and western tradition.
	www.gandhara.edu.pk /History.htm (196 words)

	Gandhara - Bedeutung, Definition, Erklärung im netlexikon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In der Folge gehörte Gandhara den griechischen Königen Baktriens, dann den nach Indien vordringenden Shaka.
		Gandhara ist bekannt für den ausgeprägten Gandhara-Stil in der buddhistischen Kunst, einer Nachwirkung des graeco-buddhistischen Synkretismus, der indische und hellenistische Einflüsse in den Jahrhunderten nach Alexander des Großen Eroberungen in Zentralasien im Jahr 334 v.
		Ausgehend von Gandhara fand der Buddhismus über die Seidenstraße seinen Weg nach Ostasien, nach China und in der Folge Korea und Japan.
	www.lexikon-definition.de /Gandhara.html (643 words)

	Gandhara on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		GANDHARA [Gandhara], historic region of India, now in NW Pakistan.
		AD), and especially under Kanishka, Gandhara developed a noted school of sculpture, consisting mainly of images of Buddha and reliefs representing scenes from Buddhist texts, but with marked Greco-Roman elements of style.
		The art form flourished in Gandhara until the 5th cent., when the region was conquered by the Huns.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Gandhara.asp (320 words)

	Gandhara Civilization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was from these centres that a unique art of sculpture originated which is known as Gandhara Art all over the world.
		Today the Gandhara Sculptures occupy a prominent place in the museums of England, France, Germany, USA, Japan, Korea, China, India and Afghanistan together with many private collections world over, as well as in the museums of Pakistan.
		Nevertheless, the zenith of this Gandhara Art is one and only "Fasting Buddha" now on display in Lahore Museum, Lahore.
	www.heritage.gov.pk /html_Pages/gandhara.html (501 words)

	The Khyber Gateway >> History of Swat
		Gandhara Art flourished in Udyana, though Gandhara and Udyana were two separate geographical units.
		During 1st century AD, Gandhara became the second holy land of Buddhism and experienced an unique economic and cultural flowering, with a flourishing trade with Rome and China.
		The Kushan dynasty ruled for four centuries till it was over run by the White Huns in 5th century AD and the glory of the Gandhara era came to an end.
	www.khyber.org /pashtoplaces/swathistory.shtml (1962 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Heritage \| Asia's hybrid culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gandhara, the once opulent central Asian city described in the travels of Marco Polo, stood on the Silk Road traversed by missionaries, merchants and pilgrims.
		Gandhara occupied a large area of what today are northwest India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, and its ancient highways linked India with China, Tibet and western Asia.
		Scholars and art historians argue heatedly about the origins of this hybrid art, especially the enigmatic statues, the work of anonymous sculptors, which were the result of the encounter of two great civilisations, the Greece of Alexander the Great and the India of Buddha.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/707/he2.htm (713 words)

	Gandhara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gandhara was located mainly on northern side of Kabul River.
		Gandhara was first ruled from Kabul and then from Udabhandapura (Hind).
		Gandhara's language, Gāndhārī, was a collection of related Prakrit or "Middle Indo-Aryan" dialects.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Gandhara.htm (3697 words)

	Taxila2002-1
		Gandhara was the region, which, in present-day Pakistan, includes Peshawar, Dir, Swat, Bajaur and Bunair.
		Pakistani archaeologists continued the work after 1947 and found that in addition to the Gandhara settlements of Taxila between the period 600 B.C. to 100 A.D, there were also the Neolithic settlements found in Taxila and in the areas of Mardan, Peshawar between the rivers of Indus and Kabul as they join at Attock.
		The classic Gandhara age – was the flowering of about 800 years of Indian, Persian, Greek, and Central Asian cultures.The city of Taxila is on the Grand Trunk [ GT] road about 30 miles from Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
	www.the-south-asian.com /Oct2002/Taxila2002-1.htm (884 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Explaining how the various religions came to combined, she said, it was based on the influence of trade, specially the Silk Route, as the exchange of goods is connected with ideas, beliefs philosophies as well as technical know-how, as found even in some arts and crafts (in architecture and handicrafts, among others).
		Speaking of how she came to be interested in Gandhara Art, she said that she was fascinated in that particular genre of culture when she was studying Indian Art and Philology.
		Dwelling on how she had the opportunity to undertake the study of Gandhara Art, Johne said that this was at the Institute of Indian Art and Philology in Berlin.
	www.buddhistnews.tv /current/gandhara-art-230304.php (534 words)

	Culture Without Context: Issue 3, Recording and preserving Gandhara's cultural heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The pivot of routes to southern, central, eastern and western Asia, its strategic position is testified by its presence as the Achaemenid empire's most easterly province in the sixth century BC and the southern edge of the expansionist USSR in the 1980s (Allchin1992; Dupree 1980).
		The region continued to flourish under successive rulers until its established socio-economic frameworks were destroyed by the incursions of the Hephthalites or White Huns in the fifth century AD (Allchin and Cribb 1992).
		Gandhara is also the term given to this region's sculptural and architectural koine between the first and sixth centuries AD, first initiated by the Kushans (Harle 1992; Pugachenkova et al.
	www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk /IARC/cwoc/issue3/Gandhara.htm (2430 words)

	Iranica.com - GANDHARA
		The name of Gandha@ra or Gandha@r^ occurs in ancient Indian texts as the name of a people, obviously the inhabitants of Ga@ndha@ra, a district traditionally placed in the extreme northwest of the Indian subcontinent.
		It is likely that in antiquity the people of Ga@ndha@ra were mainly Indian, as may be deduced from the fact that Indian languages (Pashai) are still being spoken in isolated valleys north and east of modern Kabul.
		Ga@ndha@ra has become widely known as the center of the so-called Gandhara Art, which flourished in the early first millennium C.E. This art is characterized by strong influence from the Hellenistic and Roman West.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v10f3/v10f358.html (717 words)

	Heritage and cultural items, gandhara civilization antiques and products.
		Gandhara civilization was one of the most oldest civilizations of the world.
		The face of the ancient Gandhara Civilization Queen was discovered after digging into the tons of sand.
		Centuries before the Christ, this Gandhara civilization was one of the most cultured civilizations of the world.
	www.mystiqueasia.net /cultural.htm (386 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Early Gandhara Buddha images 'are shown either standing, sitting cross-legged or lying on his death bed and in different poses including Abhayamudra (Reassurance) Dhayanamudra (meditation), Dharmachakramudra (preaching) and Bhumisparshamudra (the earth touching).
		Most conspicuous among the large number of Buddha Statues and images discovered in the Gandhara region are the two colossal rock cut images in the Swat Valley.
		In Gandhara, beginning from the Asoka era up to the end of the Buddhist period a large number of inscriptions have been discovered.
	www.buddhistnews.tv /current/gandhara-040904.php (1169 words)

	Rajiv Malhotra's Blog - Rajiv Malhotra web blogs, Rajiv Malhotra blogger in India, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gandhara was the trade crossroad and cultural meeting place between India, Central Asia, and the Middle East.
		It was a province of the Persian king Darius I in the fifth century B.C.E. After conquering it in the 4th century B.C.E., Alexander encountered the vast army of the Nandas in the Punjab, and his soldiers mutinied causing him to leave India.
		Thereafter, Gandhara was ruled by the Maurya dynasty of India, and during the reign of the Indian emperor Ashoka (3rd century B.C.E.), Buddhism spread and became the world's first religion across Eurasia, influencing early Christianity and East Asian civilizations.
	www.sulekha.com /blogs/blogdisplay.aspx?cid=4383 (5226 words)

	Gandhara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gandhara was centered in Purushapura (now Peshwar) and included the area north of the Indus Rive, primarily in present-day Pakistan.
		Over three centuries, Gandhara produced an artistic style that combined the influences of Indian art with traditions from Iran, China, Greece, and Rome.
		The extraordinary art of the Gandhara remains largely unknown to the general public.
	www.afaweb.org /exhibitions/Gandhara_000.php (352 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)