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Topic: Gang of Four China

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	Gang of Four - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Gang of Four (Simplified Chinese: 四人帮; Traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a group of Communist Party leaders in the People's Republic of China who were arrested and removed from their positions in 1976, following the death of Mao Zedong, and were blamed for the events of the Cultural Revolution.
		The "Gang" had arranged for Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Enlai's protege, to be purged in April 1976, but by early 1978, he was to become the real power of the Party.
		In 1981, the four deposed leaders were subjected to a show trial and convicted of anti-party activities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gang_of_Four_(China) (664 words)

	CBC News: Member of China's Gang of Four dies
		The Cultural Revolution, China's official policy for a decade, was a period of ferment as Mao tried to suppress "bourgeois" tendencies and maintain a spirit of revolution.
		The Gang of Four, which included Mao's wife, were leaders of the most extreme faction of the government.
		The name Gang of Four was a derisive term attached to the group to belittle them.
	www.cbc.ca /story/world/national/2005/05/10/china-zhanf050510.html (378 words)

	The Aftermath of the Chinese Cultural Revolution
		To show the evil ways of the Gang of Four, they people had the Gang of Four become more publicized so others could be more aware of their wrong doings.
		The Gang of Four was destroyed in October when the CCp began to attack and deal with each member (without using violence).
		China was able to learn from its mistake, and non-communist parties have been ruling since.
	www.angelfire.com /creep/ccrk (369 words)

	The Choice of Value of China Reform
		The establishment of socialism in Russia and China after the October Revolution and the victory of Chinese revolution is the vivid embodiment of this historical law.
		China, a big eastern backward country, has never experienced a developed stage of capitalism, and has no developed productivity created by capitalism to inherit, and what she can inherit is just farmer's small scale production and city’s handcrafted workshop left behind by the old China of semi–feudal and semi–colony.
		However, the success of China reform is not from the general implementation of this standard, but from the pursuit of superior and most reasonable choice of value under the direction of this standard.
	netx.u-paris10.fr /actuelmarx/m4Ye.htm (3773 words)

	Member of China's Gang of Four Dies (phillyBurbs.com) \| Asia
		BEIJING - Zhang Chunqiao, one of the Gang of Four that terrorized China during the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution by persecuting thousands of people, wrecking the economy and pushing the country to the brink of famine, has died at age 88.
		The Gang of Four, which reportedly was given its name by Communist Party founder Mao Zedong, directed the purge of thousands of moderate party officials and intellectuals.
		Led by Mao's wife, Jiang Qing, the Gang of Four and its allies inflicted physical and emotional damage that still reverberates in Chinese society, despite economic reforms that have raised living standards and a loosened social controls.
	www.phillyburbs.com /pb-dyn/news/90-05102005-487132.html (453 words)

	Gang of Four (China): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Gang of Four (China) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gang of Four (四人帮 Pinyin si4 ren2 bang1) was a group of Chinese Communist politicians based in Shanghai.
		The group was founded by Mao Zedong's fourth wife Jiang Qing, the other members were Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan and Wang Hongwen.
		The group was formed after the 9th Party Congress in 1969 and named the Gang of Four by Mao, who is regarded as the fifth member of the group (Kang Sheng[?] and Xie Fuzhi[?] are also seen as similarly radical but not part of the Gang).
	www.encyclopedian.com /ga/Gang-of-Four-(China).html (359 words)

	Gang of Four China - Definition up Erdmond.Com
		(Liu Shaoqi had died in prison in 1969.) It is now officially maintained in China that Mao in his last year turned against Jiang and her associates, and that after his death on 9_September 1976 they attempted to seize power (the same allegation made against Lin Biao in 1971).
		In 1981 the four fallen leaders were paraded before a show-trial and convicted of anti-party activities.
		The vilification of the "Gang" served a useful purpose for the Deng regime.
	www.erdmond.com /Gang_of_Four_(China).html (560 words)

	Jiang Qing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1960 she became minister for culture, and played a key role in the 1966–69 Cultural Revolution as the leading member of the Shanghai-based Gang of Four, who attempted to seize power in 1976.
		On Mao’s death in September 1976, the Gang of Four, with Jiang as a leading figure, sought to seize power by organizing military coups in Shanghai and Beijing.
		The Gang were blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, but Jiang asserted during her trial that she had only followed Mao’s orders as an obedient wife.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0018946.html (259 words)

	Gang of Four Review
		Gang of Four is a ladder or climbing game where players attempt to evacuate their hands by playing a variety of familiar Poker combinations with each combination valued greater than the previous.
		Gang of Four can certainly be played casually, hitting the table only a few times per year as a social activity.
		Gang of Four is one of the few card games that can compete with the depth of a board game.
	www.thegamesjournal.com /reviews/GangOfFour.shtml (2624 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gang of Four (China) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Kang Sheng Kang Sheng (Chinese: 康生) (1898–December 16, 1975), Communist Party of China official, was head of the Peoples Republic of Chinas security apparatus until his death, and was subsequently accused along with the Gang of Four of being responsible for persecutions during the Cultural Revolution.
		It is now officially claimed by Chinese propaganda agencies that Mao in his last year turned against Jiang and her associates, and that after his death on 9 September 1976 they attempted to seize power (the same allegation made against Lin Biao in 1971).
		Mass media is the term used to denote, as a class, that section of the media specifically conceived and designed to reach a very large audience (typically at least as large as the whole population of a nation state).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gang-of-Four-(China) (1658 words)

	AsiaSource: Chronology of Modern China - a resource of the Asia Society
		China is critical of Soviet revisionism and idea of peaceful coexistence; a major rift occurs between China and the Soviet Union.
		China protests US bombing of North Vietnam, claiming that an attack on North Vietnam would be the same as an attack on China.
		The Gang of Four and several others are tried and convicted for their role in the Cultural Revolution.
	www.asiasource.org /society/china-chron.cfm (3145 words)

	Gang of Four Shrinkwraps Entertainment.
		As Greil Marcus has noted, Gang of Four's "stance is not that of the cultural politician, of someone denouncing or criticizing, but of an ordinary person struggling to make sense of his or her life" (128).
		But it was the Gang of Four that drew attention and created controversy among their peers when in 1978 the band signed with EMI in Britain and Warner Bros. in the United States, large and powerful transnational corporations.
		Gang of Four's attention to gender and sexual relations--both in their music and in interviews--has often been noted.
	webhome.idirect.com /~boweevil/gofint.html (5378 words)

	Cultural Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For many of the 'intellectuals,' most of whom were recently graduated college students, this was in effect a kind of internal exile, and the conditions in which they were forced to labour were often harsh in the extreme; many deaths from malnutrition, overwork, and disease are reported.
		Western observers suggest that much of China's five thousand years of dynamic history was in effect destroyed in a short period of ten years, and such destruction to historical artifacts cannot be matched anywhere else in the world at any time.
		However, there are many workers and peasants in China who, left behind by economic liberalization and the widening rich-poor gap, feel nostalgia towards the Cultural Revolution (as well as the Maoist Era in general), during which the proletariat was glorified.
	www.infothis.com /find/Cultural_Revolution (6264 words)

	gillmusic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gang Of Four, an unsigned punk band from Leeds (named after the renegade communist faction led by Mao's widow, who staged a 10-day leadership coup in China two years earlier), have managed to get a booking at what is still the most insalubrious nightspot in the so-called "Great Border City".
		That Gang Of Four aren't necessarily the first point of reference when exposing the second-hand ideas of today's plagiarists is perhaps down to their subsequent career, one which ultimately failed to match the achievement of their debut.
		As a guitarist he is also the narrator, to the degree that the Gang of Four, their words not much less cut up than their sound, used one.
	www.gillmusic.com /go4_history.html (2361 words)

	Gang of Four -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		After Mao's death, on Sept. 9, 1976, however, his widow, Jiang Qing, and her so-called Gang of Four undertook a coup that was...
		Wang was a member of the notorious Gang of Four, who gained great political power during the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), which was launched by Chairman Mao Zedong to purge thousands of moderate party officials and intellectuals.
		Information on history and present status of gangs in the U.S. Discusses the socio-economic, family, and psychological factors, the implications of their effects on family life, and offers tips for intervention and prevention.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9035993?tocId=9035993 (907 words)

	Liu Shaoqi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1936 he was the General Secretary of Northern China, leading the anti-Japanese movements in that area.
		After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Liu was elected as the president of PRC by the Second and Third National People's Congress.
		He was humiliated during the Cultural Revolution led by Mao and the Gang of Four (China)Gang of Four, being labeled as a "traitor" and "scab".
	www.infothis.com /find/Liu_Shaoqi (358 words)

	Gang of Four
		One set of posters denounced the notorious Gang of Four in China.
		Around the same time, I started listening to the band Gang of Four (not the be confused by the later Gang of Four of Design Patterns).
		The Gang of Four were political but also had a great abrasive sound.
	www.bobcongdon.net /blog/2004/03/gang-of-four.html (160 words)

	Gang of Four on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The most notable of the Gang of Four was Jiang Qing, Mao's widow.
		Four netted in anti-gang sting MS-13 problem: Nationwide effort leads to arrests in Gwinnett and DeKalb counties.
		In the summer of 1978, the Johnston brothers, of Mountain City, Tennessee, were responsible for the murders of four young men- all junior members of the Johnstons' prolific burglary ring- and a 15-yea
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/GangF1our.asp (623 words)

	People's Republic of China: IV
		One major effect of the plenum was the resignation of the members of the "Little Gang of Four" (an allusion to the original Gang of Four, Mao's allies)--Hua's closest collaborators and the backbone of opposition to Deng.
		Hua too was recognized for his contributions in defeating the Gang of Four but was branded a "whateverist." Hua also was criticized for his anti-Deng Xiaoping posture in the period 1976-77.
		The culmination of Deng's drive to consolidate his power and ensure the continuity of his reformist policies among his successors was the calling of the Twelfth National Party Congress in September 1982 and the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress in December 1982.
	www-chaos.umd.edu /history/prc4.html (1863 words)

	The Gang of Four : China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Gang of Four was a group of Communist politicians based in Shanghai.
		After their removal, two other men who were already dead in 1976, Kang Sheng and Xie Fuzhi, were named as having been part of the "Gang." The "Gang" had arranged for Deng Xiaoping, to be purged in 1966.
		Members of the gangs were arrested and removed from their positions in 1976, following the death of Mao Zedong.
	cn.pagenation.com /416024.page (176 words)

	Gang Of Four (China) Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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	www.karr.net /search/encyclopedia/Gang_of_Four_%28China%29 (849 words)

	FREE In-depth report - The Gang Of Four, 1974-76 - China
		During the early and mid-1970s, the radical group later known as the Gang of Four attempted to dominate the power center through their network of supporters and, most important, through their control of the media.
		More moderate leaders, however, were developing and promulgating a pragmatic program for rapid modernization of the economy that contradicted the set of policies expressed in the media.
		If you did not find the information you were looking for on the subject of The Gang Of Four, 1974-76 you may wish to do another search of Exploitz.com: related The Gang Of Four, 1974-76 search
	www.exploitz.com /China-The-Gang-Of-Four-197476-cg.php (327 words)

	Gang of four (US,Japan,SKorea,Australia) leaves China out in the cold [Free Republic]
		He said there might be a need for the four countries "to come together and talk more often".
		Blackwill, now Bush's new Ambassador to India, thought it "prudent for the four allies to begin now to build enhanced patterns of co-operation and co-ordination, lest they be forced to do so in the midst of a crisis".
		Singapore has called China a bully and has offered their ports to the US Navy.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b657e3a0cae.htm (1410 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ China / Glossary
		At the August 1977 Eleventh National Party Congress, the Cultural Revolution was declared officially to have ended with the arrest in October 1976 of the Gang of Four.
		These activists were encouraged to criticize the Gang of Four and previous (failed) government policies, but the wall was closed in December 1979 when the leadership and the communist party system were being criticized along with past mistakes and leaders.
		The majority of foreign investment in China is by overseas Chinese, and more than 90 percent of all foreign tourists who visit China are overseas Chinese.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/china/cn_glos.html (2744 words)

	Cultural Revolution - Gang of Four Ceramics
		Some experts have even suggested that the 'Gang of Four' is really 'the Gang of Five', with Mao as the missing figure but lurking presence.
		This color ceramics were made during the prime political career of the Gang of Four, and is now considered illegal to distribute in China.
		A contemporary comparison has been made in the Western world between the current Chinese central government’s power structure and the Gang of Four, as major Chinese politicians, headed by the formal prime minister Jiang Ze Min, are once again, Shanghai born politicians.
	www.1930shanghai.com /items/154908/item154908store.html (244 words)

	Gang Of Four Interview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In December I was excited to be invited to interview the Gang Of Four in their old spiritual home - The Fenton pub in Leeds, a favourite spot from their student days at the College of Art.
		I should explain that The Gang Of Four had a powerful effect on me in the late 70s / early 80s and I still have an image of Andy Gill lodged in my brain, hurtling across the stage, flaying a guitar wildly.
		Musicality is an interesting thing and when I listen to bands that have taken an inspiration from the Gang Of Four, the first thing they inject is top line and melody.
	www.vanguardonline.f9.co.uk /0501IGOF.htm (2733 words)

	Zhou Enlai
		A member of a noted Mandarin family, he was educated in China at an American-supported school and a university in Japan.
		He was largely responsible for China's reestablishing contacts with the West in the early 1970s before becoming ill. He died Jan., 1976.
		Gang of Four - Gang of Four, term of opprobrium given by the Chinese Communist authorities to four persons held...
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0853405.html (487 words)

	Gang of Four
		The term, Gang of Four, was first used to describe four powerful radicals in Communist China that rose to power during the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) and dominated Chinese politics during the early 1970s.
		Led by Jiang Qing, a former actress and the power-hungry wife of Chairman Mao, the Gang of Four dominated political, economic and cultural life in China for years.
		The Gang of Four card game was first conceived during the upheaval of the Cultural Revolution.
	www.boardgamegeek.com /game/3085 (494 words)

	The FRSO and the Mass Line
		It is true that there was an element of error here on the part of the Avakian RCP too, namely absolute support for the "Gang of Four" in China, who themselves made some very serious errors.
		Still, Avakian and the RCP were correct in their general appraisal of what had happened in China, and the RWH forces who split off were essentially wrong.
		When the topic comes up they still tend to focus on what is clearly a secondary issue, how to evaluate "the Gang of Four", and I don't think they do a fair and balanced summation even there.
	www.massline.info /frso (919 words)

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