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Topic: Ganglioside

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	Ganglioside - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid) linked on the sugar chain.
		It is a component of the cell plasma membrane which modulates cell signal transduction events.
		Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders [1].
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ganglioside (95 words)

	gangliosides: heterozygous immune-alterations
		Gangliosides (Gsd) (i) are complex molecules that have sugar-like (saccharides) and oil-like (lipid) components; (ii) are assembled and present in numerous tissues, including neurons and myelin (1-9); and are linked to autism, schizophrenia, and other neurologic disorders (10-14).
		However,studies linking (i) nanomolar concentrations of gangliosides, and (ii) impaired immune function suggest the possibility that heterozygosity for mutations of one or several ganglioside-degradation enzymes are risk factors that increase susceptibility for the development of autism and even for other disorders (eg, schizophrenia, lymphoma, leukemia; see additional findings in citation 1).
		As gangliosides are known to modulate receptor-dependent processes in various cell types, we have evaluated the effect of these molecules on mast cell mediator release.
	members.jorsm.com /~binstock/gsd-immu.htm (4021 words)

	Developmental changes in localization of the main ganglioside during sea urchin embryogenesis -- Nezuo et al. 10 (11): ...
		Kubo,H. and Hoshi,M. (1990) Immunocytochemical study of the distribution of a ganglioside in sea urchin eggs.
		Kubo,H., Irie,A., Inagaki,F. and Hoshi,M. (1990) Gangliosides from the eggs of the sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina.
		Spiegel,S., Yamada,K.M., Hom,B.E., Moss J. and Fishman,P.H. (1985) Fluorescent gangliosides as probes for the retention and organization of fibronectin by ganglioside-deficient mouse cells.
	glycob.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/11/1243 (2595 words)

	Ganglioside-KLH conjugate vaccine plus QS-21 - Patent 7001601
		Ganglioside standards were spotted on nitrocellulose strips (indicated on the vertical axis) and allowed to react with prevaccination and peak titer postvaccination sera from individual patients and peroxidase-labeled goat anti-human IgM or IgG antibody.
		Ganglioside standards were applied to nitrocellulose strips (as indicated on the left) and incubated first with sera and then after washing incubated with peroxidase labelled goat anti-human IgM antibody.
		The basis for selecting these gangliosides as immunogens in melanoma is a quantitative analysis of twenty melanoma biopsies using immune thin layer chromatography to quantitate the levels of these gangliosides on melanomas and various normal tissues.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7001601.html (15118 words)

	Determination of asymmetric structure of ganglioside-DPPC mixed vesicle using SANS, SAXS, and DLS Biophysical Journal - ...
		Gangliosides are mostly located on the cell-surface membranes in the central nervous system, and are rich in lipid microdomains with other particular lipids and proteins in neuronal cells (Ledeen and Yu 1982; Prinetti et al., 2000).
		The elevation of temperature induces a significant shrinkage of the hydrophilic region of the ganglioside micelle at physiological temperature from 20[degrees]C to 40[degrees]C, indicating that the oligosaccharide chains of ganglioside molecules change those conformations sensitively against the rise of temperature (Hirai et al., 1996a, 1996b, 1998a).
		From these previous results, the microdomains enriched in gangliosides are suggested to be able to greatly modulate local charge, hydrophilicity, and dynamics in cell surfaces due to their intrinsic properties, which would regulate directly or indirectly the microdomain functions such as an accumulation of proteins playing roles in transmembrane signaling events and their activation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200309/ai_n9288550 (957 words)

	Seyfried Laboratory - Ganglioside Storage Disorders
		The ganglioside storage diseases are a group of incurable neurodegenerative diseases that involve the storage of either gangliosides GM1 or GM2 in lysosomes of the CNS and visceral tissues.
		We found that NB-DGJ significantly reduced total brain and GM1 and GM2 ganglioside content when administered from p-2 to p-5 in control and storage disease mutants.
		These neonatal ages in mice are comparable to pre-natal ages in humans as they precede the period of active brain myelinogenesis and cerebellar development.
	www2.bc.edu /~seyfridt/ganglioside.html (355 words)

	Association of GM4 ganglioside with the membrane surrounding lipid droplets in shark liver -- Li et al. 43 (7): 1019 -- ...
		The abbreviations of gangliosides are according to the nomenclature
		Lane 1 and 5 are authentic gangliosides GM3 and GM1; lane 2, the crude lipid extract; lane 3: the mono-sialoganglioside fraction; lane 4, the purified ganglioside S. The plate was sprayed with the resorcinol-HCl reagent (18).
		Characterization of neutral sphingolipids and gangliosides from chicken liver.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/43/7/1019 (3698 words)

	Distribution of ganglioside GM1 in L-(alpha)-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol monolayers: A model for lipid ...
		Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid that are primarily found in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes in vertebrate tissue.
		Ganglioside GM1, which contains four neutral sugars and a negatively charged sialic acid, has been extensively investigated; it has been previously used as a raft marker (Harder et al., 1998) because it is a common ganglioside in many plasma membranes and the natural receptor for the cholera toxin B subunit, thus facilitating its direct detection.
		DSC studies of mixtures of PC with small quantities of ganglioside generally indicate that gross phase separations do not occur over broad temperature ranges, suggesting that the ganglioside is completely miscible with PC in the liquid crystalline state (Thompson et al., 1985).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200011/ai_n8927956 (976 words)

	eMedicine - GM1 Gangliosidosis : Article Excerpt by: David H Tegay, DO, FACMG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		ganglioside, oligosaccharides, and the mucopolysaccharide keratan sulfate (and their derivatives).
		ganglioside (GA1), glycoprotein-derived oligosaccharides, and keratan sulfate are found at elevated intracellular concentrations.
		Gangliosides are normal components of cell membranes, particularly neurons, and G
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/gm1-gangliosidosis.htm (427 words)

	Differences in splenic B-lymphocyte ganglioside expression and accessibility in normal and endotoxin-hyporesponsive ...
		Positions of ganglioside standards and directions of solvent runs are as specified in the legend to Figure 1.
		Positions of ganglioside standards and directions of solvent runs are as given in the legend to Figure 1.
		The biological importance of gangliosides of B lymphocytes is underscored
	www.jleukbio.org /cgi/content/full/69/6/969 (3991 words)

	GM-1 Ganglioside - Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The drug GM-1 ganglioside is an experimental drug for acute injury, including stroke and spinal injury.
		A study in 1991 reported in the New England Journal of Medicine reported the results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind drug trial of GM-1 ganglioside in patients with spinal cord injuries, with a follow-up period of one year after the injury to assess recovery.
		The study was claimed by the authors as representing a dramatic increase in neurologic function, with the majority of the patients changing from paralyzed to ambulatory status.
	healthscout.com /ency/1/261/main.html (366 words)

	Combinatorial Ganglioside Biosynthesis -- Kolter et al. 277 (29): 25859 -- Journal of Biological Chemistry
		Ganglioside biosynthesis is catalyzed by glycosyltransferases in the lumen of the Golgi apparatus (1, 36-39, 52).
		Major gangliosides occurring on neurons in adult mammalian brain are underlined.
		ganglioside biosynthesis, mice with a deficiency of GalNAc-transferase
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/29/25859 (4077 words)

	Cell membrane GM1 ganglioside is a functional coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 2 -- Rusnati et al. 99 (7): 4367 ...
		Cell membrane GM1 ganglioside is a functional coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor 2 -- Rusnati et al.
		Gangliosides are neuraminic acid-containing glycosphingolipids and represent characteristic constituents of the plasma membrane
		The role of cell surface gangliosides in mediating FGF2 activity was investigated in endothelial cells.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/7/4367 (4038 words)

	Structure and Function of a Ganglioside Receptor for Porcine Rotavirus -- Rolsma et al. 72 (11): 9079 -- The Journal of ...
		Gangliosides (750 pmol) were applied to the origin of a plastic-backed silica gel TLC plate which had been prerun in chloroform-methanol
		Gangliosides were extracted from intestinal mucosa with solvent, purified by DIPE-1-butanol-NaCl extraction, and analyzed for sialic acid composition as described in Materials and Methods.
		ganglioside concentrations are expressed as nanomoles of ganglioside sialic acid per gram (dry weight) of intestinal mucosa.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/11/9079 (9064 words)

	Dietary Ganglioside and Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Ganglioside GD3 Content and Alter the ...
		Ganglioside and neurotrophic growth factor interactions in retinal neuronal and glial cells.
		GD3 ganglioside is prevalent in fully differentiated neurons from rat retina.
		The effect of ganglioside on oxidation-induced permeability changes in lens and in epithelial cells of lens and retina.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/46/7/2571 (2769 words)

	Mechanisms of Ganglioside Inhibition of APC Function -- Caldwell et al. 171 (4): 1676 -- The Journal of Immunology
		to interfere with the antitumor immune response is the gangliosides.
		Gangliosides inhibit antigen-presenting cell costimulatory activity of monocytes and dendritic cells.
		Gangliosides inhibit T-lymphocyte proliferation by preventing the interaction of interleukin-2 with its cell surface receptors.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/171/4/1676 (4948 words)

	Biological Stratification of Human Neuroblastoma by Complex "B" Pathway Ganglioside Expression -- Hettmer et al. 63 ...
		The monosialoganglioside GM3, derived from lactosylceramide, is the common precursor for both "a" and "b" pathway gangliosides.
		gangliosides in low-stage tumors and infant neuroblastoma (a
		Ganglioside subgroups are expressed as percentage of total gangliosides.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/63/21/7270 (4630 words)

	FRYE
		ganglioside accumulates in many tissues (e.g., heart, liver, spleen), but it is the involvement of neurons in the central and autonomic nervous systems and retina that dominate as recognizable symptoms.
		The weight of the brain in individuals surviving one or more years can be increased more than fifty percent, due to the accumulation of ganglioside in the cells.
		On histologic examination, the neurons are ballooned with cytoplasmic vacuoles, each of which comprises a markedly distended lysosome filled with gangliosides (Fig 2A).
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/anderson/MF.html (1241 words)

	Uptake Pathway of Polyomavirus via Ganglioside GD1a -- Gilbert and Benjamin 78 (22): 12259 -- The Journal of Virology
		Gangliosides that associate with lipid rafts mediate transport of cholera and related toxins from the plasma membrane to ER.
		Gangliosides are receptors for murine polyoma virus and SV40.
		Uncoupling of the cholera toxin-GM1 ganglioside receptor complex from endocytosis, retrograde Golgi trafficking, and downstream signal transduction by depletion of membrane cholesterol.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/22/12259 (4927 words)

	Modulation of CD4 Th Cell Differentiation by Ganglioside GD1a In Vitro -- Shen et al. 175 (8): 4927 -- The Journal of ...
		Cell surface gangliosides are shed by tumors into their microenvironment.
		Detection of a tumour-associated ganglioside in plasma of patients with neuroblastoma.
		Gangliosides from human melanoma tumors impair dendritic cell differentiation from monocytes and induce their apoptosis.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/175/8/4927 (4010 words)

	Development of an Immunoassay for Rapid Detection of Ganglioside GM1 Mimicry in Campylobacter jejuni Strains -- ...
		Gangliosides (1-µg aliquots; Sigma) and LPS extracts (5-µl aliquots) were analyzed by TLC on precoated silica gel 60 glass
		Ganglioside GM mimicry in Campylobacter strains from sporadic infections in the United States.
		Cross-reactive antigen between nervous tissue and a bacterium elicits Guillain-Barré syndrome: molecular mimicry between ganglioside GM and lipopolysaccharide from Penner's serotype 19 of Campylobacter jejuni.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/39/4/1494 (4621 words)

	Clinical Trial: GM1 Ganglioside Effects on Parkinson's Disease
		Clinical Trial: GM1 Ganglioside Effects on Parkinson's Disease
		The study is designed to further examine the extent to which GM1 ganglioside can improve symptoms, delay disease progression, and, perhaps, partially restore damaged brain cells in PD patients.
		GM1 ganglioside is a chemical that is normally found in the brain and is a normal part of the outer covering or membrane of nerve cells.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /show/NCT00037830 (1363 words)

	ganglioside-FGF2 interaction
		Exogenous gangliosides inhibit the binding of 125I-FGF-2 to high affinity tyrosine-kinase FGF-receptors (FGFRs) of endothelial GM 7373 cells at microM concentrations.
		In agreement with their FGFR antagonist activity, free gangliosides inhibit the mitogenic activity exerted by FGF-2 in endothelial GM 7373 cells in the same range of concentrations.
		Since gangliosides are extensively shed by tumor cells and reach elevated levels in the serum of tumor-bearing patients, our data suggest that exogenous gangliosides may affect endothelial cell function by a direct interaction with FGF-2, thus modulating tumor neovascularization.
	www.med.unibs.it /~airc/ganglioside.html (544 words)

	Anti-ganglioside antibodies can bind peripheral nerve nodes of Ranvier and activate the complement cascade without ...
		Gangliosides GM1 and GD1b are antigens for IgM M-protein in a patient with motor neuron disease.
		Analysis of anti-GM1 ganglioside IgM antibodies cloned from motor neuropathy patients demonstrates diverse V-region gene usage with extensive somatic mutation.
		Miller–Fisher syndrome is associated with serum antibodies to GQ1b ganglioside.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/122/5/807 (4214 words)

	Regulation of ganglioside biosynthesis in the nervous system -- Yu et al. 45 (5): 783 -- Journal of Lipid Research
		Ganglioside names are abbreviated according to Svennerholm (96).
		Ganglioside biosynthesis in mouse embryos: sialyltransferase IV and the asialo pathway.
		Axonal transport of gangliosides in the goldfish optic nerve.
	www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/45/5/783 (6407 words)

	Galectin-1 Is a Major Receptor for Ganglioside GM1, a Product of the Growth-controlling Activity of a Cell Surface ...
		with a ganglioside sialidase-mediated increase of GM and lactosylceramide
		blocking of ganglioside GM by the cholera toxin B subunit.
		Quantitation of Neoganglioprotein Binding to the Cell Surface-- Because gangliosides in watery solution exist in the form of micelles, they cannot be used as such in cell binding studies.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/273/18/11205 (4788 words)

	Enhanced insulin sensitivity in mice lacking ganglioside GM3 -- Yamashita et al. 100 (6): 3445 -- Proceedings of the ...
		ganglioside among tissues, and it serves as a precursor for
		Gangliosides are involved in cell-signaling functions as ligands
		Ganglioside GM3 is involved in neuronal cell death
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/6/3445 (3283 words)

	GM1 Ganglioside May Improve Parkinson’s Symptoms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		PHILADELPHIA, PA -- June 22, 1998 -- A naturally-occurring substance in the cell’s membrane may improve symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients and perhaps even help slow down the progression of the disease, according to studies by researchers at Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia.
		Jay Schneider, Ph.D., professor of pathology, cell biology and anatomy and neurology and his co-workers compared a drug, GM1 ganglioside, with a placebo in 45 patients with Parkinson’s disease receiving a 16-week course of treatment.
		GM1 ganglioside is a normal part of the cell membrane that plays an important role in cell growth, development, signal transduction and repair after injury.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/87bb2.htm (589 words)

	(WO/1988/002006) MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY SPECIFIC TO TUMOR CELL SURFACE GANGLIOSIDE AND HYBRIDOMA YIELDING SAME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		(EN) Monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing a ganglioside present on the surface of mouse and human tumor cells and having a cytotoxic activity against the tumor cells, and a hybridoma yielding the same.
		The monoclonal antibody is yielded by fused cells composed of antibody-yielding cells and myeloma cells of mice sensitized with lymphoid tumor cells of mice.
		The monoclonal antibody specifically binds with GD2 of a ganglioside present on the cell surface to exert cytotoxicity, thus being useful for diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
	www.wipo.int /pctdb/en/wo.jsp?WO=1988/02006 (275 words)

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