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Topic: Garbage collection (computer science)

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	COMPUTER SCIENCE
		These skills are necessary for dealing with the problems encountered in business, industry, and governmental computer applications; for holding administrative or engineering positions requiring the planning and implementation of computer systems; for teaching computer science; and/or further study in computer science, in particular, for doctoral study.
		A bachelor's degree in a high quality computer science program or satisfactory completion of the Advanced GRE in computer Science may be substituted for some or all of the subject area admission requirements.
		Individuals who have worked at a high professional level in the computer industry may be able to substitute work experience for some of the specific subject area requirements, subject to review by the department graduate committee.
	www.uncc.edu /gradmiss/catalog/ComputerScience.htm (2719 words)

	Book Review: Garbage Collection
		Functional programmers have always needed garbage collection, to reclaim unused data structures and function closures, but the rest of the world is now discovering that safe programming requires an automatic garbage collector.
		Mark-sweep collection (McCarthy 1960) and reference counting (Collins 1960) were first described in 1960, and the 1981 survey paper by Cohen (1981) cited 111 papers on garbage collection; Jones and Lins cite almost 500 references.
		Chapter 1 explains what garbage collection is and why it is useful in software engineering, and discusses many of the issues -- demands placed on a collector and the different kinds of collection algorithms that meet these demands -- that are covered in the rest of the book.
	www.cs.princeton.edu /~appel/papers/gcreview.html (1030 words)

	Garbage collection on Java 1.1.8 JVMs
		Garbage is nothing more than memory no longer in use by the program as space to store objects.
		If requests come in at random times, it is possible that when the previous requester is finished, the normal class garbage collection will clean up this class by freeing the heap space it occupied, only to have to re-instantiate the class when the next request comes along.
		Garbage collection is put off for a long time, but once it starts, it can take quite a long time and impose an intolerable delay on the user.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/java/library/j-garbage-collection.html (2401 words)

	Peter Kelly: Distributed garbage collection
		Garbage collection in the case of a single process system is relatively straightforward.
		This means that when collecting a set of objects distributed among the memory heaps of different processes, it's best to minimise the number of messages that have to be sent.
		There are many different approaches to distributed garbage collection, a good overview of which is given here, but what I'll try to do here is just to give an explanation of the algorithm I've implemented in nreduce, which is largely based on the algorithm described in this paper.
	pmkelly.blogspot.com /2006/09/distributed-garbage-collection.html (1622 words)

	NREVERSAL of Fortune
		Garbage collection by undoing is more powerful than traditional garbage collection, because it can be used even for Actor systems in which the garbage may be quite active and thus hard to catch [Baker77].
		Garbage collection is a favorite topic of researchers; the number of published papers on this topic approaches 1,000.
		Computer architects find that the reverse of reference strings are an important concept in the study of memory hierarchies; e.g., the optimal page replacement algorithm is the least-recently-used algorithm running on the reversed reference string.
	www.pipeline.com /~hbaker1/ReverseGC.html (8264 words)

	Introduction to the Collections Framework
		If you are moving from the historical collection classes to the new framework classes, one of the primary differences is that all operations are unsynchronized with the new classes.
		After you've added all the necessary elements to a collection, it may be convenient to treat that collection as read-only, to prevent the accidental modification of the collection.
		While the JGL is a good alternative collection framework, it didn't meet the design goals of the Collections Framework team: "The main design goal was to produce an API that was reasonably small, both in size, and, more importantly, in conceptual weight." With that in mind, the team came up with the Collections Framework.
	java.sun.com /developer/onlineTraining/collections/Collection.html (6755 words)

	Garbage (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Garbage, in the context of computer science, refers to objects, data, or other regions of the memory of a computer system (or other system resources), which will not be used in any future computation by the system, or by a program running on it.
		Note that syntactic garbage is a (usually strict) subset of semantic garbage--as it is entirely possible for an object to hold a reference to another object without the latter object being used.
		Garbage collection uses various algorithms to automatically analyze the state of a program, identify garbage, and deallocate it without intervention by the programmer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Garbage_(computer_science) (467 words)

	Garbage Collection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In a non-garbage collected language, in addition to determining doing this, each module must be aware of whether any other (including those which haven't been written yet) also accesses the object, and if not free it.
		Garbage collection thus reduces "the base problem of not having a handle on the useful life of your objects" from a global one to a local one.
		So, no garbage collection doesn't solve the memory leak problem by itself, in the sense of without thought, but it isn't just a matter of making leaks less common (and premature deallocations/reallocations impossible).
	www.wildcard.demon.co.uk /dev/gc.html (674 words)

	Computer Science
		This course puts the components of computer science in context, serving as an overview for students specializing in computational disciplines and alerting all students to important subtleties that may arise when applying computation in their studies, research, and work.
		This course introduces the formal foundations of computer science, the fundamental limits of computation, and the limits of efficient computation.
		The goal of the course is to bring students up to the frontiers of computer graphics research and prepare them for their own research.
	pr.caltech.edu /catalog/courses/listing/cs.html (2842 words)

	Computer Science
		The GAD is a publication of the Association for Computing Machinery; it provides information on graduate programs in computing, including degrees offered and specialties, numbers of faculty and students, faculty interest areas, computer equipment available, types and amounts of financial aid available to qualified students, and admissions requirements and application deadlines.
		The collection, which is updated monthly, may be searched by author, title, journal, conference, or words anywhere in the record; it's also possible to limit the search by publication type and year.
		NCSTRL is a collection of research reports and papers from institutions around the world awarding doctoral degrees in computer science or engineering, and some industrial and government research laboratories.
	library.albany.edu /subject/csci.htm (8473 words)

	College of Staten Island - Graduate Studies Programs, Computer Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Any other registered CSI graduate course in computer science shall be counted as an elective for the purposes of fulfilling the MS in Computer Science degree requirements, with the exception of those courses specifically identified as computing for teachers or other computer science teacher education courses.
		An advanced course in computer architecture covering a variety of classical computer architecture topics with heavy emphasis on the quantitative approach to analyzing computer architecture and evaluating design tradeoffs.
		Students will choose a research topic in Computer Science and select two journal papers on the topic; the articles must be approved by the instructor.
	www.csi.cuny.edu /graduatestudies/programs/computer.php3 (1531 words)

	OOPS Group Publications
		Paul R. Wilson of the Department of Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin.
		We survey basic garbage collection algorithms, and variations such as incremental and generational collection; we then discuss low-level implementation considerations and relationships between storage management systems, languages, and compilers.
		Generational garbage collection can improve this situation somewhat at the virtual memory level, by reclaiming and reusing a smaller amount of memory more frequently.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/oops/papers.html (4948 words)

	Computer Science - Weber State University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The computer and IT industry are looking for graduates with high levels of expertise.
		Employment within the computer science industry is anticipated to grow faster than average through 2014 according to the US Department of Labor.
		In the Computer Science Department at Weber State University, we teach students hands-on training, logical thinking, computer theory and system internals.
	www.weber.edu /cs (254 words)

	Hacker Dictionary :: Terms :: GC
		`Garbage collection' is computer-science jargon for a particular class of strategies for dynamically reallocating computer memory.
		One such strategy involves periodically scanning all the data in memory and determining what is no longer accessible; useless data items are then discarded so that the memory they occupy can be recycled and used for another purpose.
		Implementations of the LISP language usually use garbage collection.
	www.hacker-dictionary.com /terms/GC (185 words)

	The Harvey Mudd College Computer Science REU Site
		Garbage collection was once the domain of “unconventional” programming languages such as Lisp and SmallTalk, while programmers working in mainstream languages managed their own memory.
		Current garbage collectors employ a number of assumptions about the the way data is used that may not be true for programs written in an imperative style, particularly those programs that make heavy use of arrays and thus do not use pointers to provide indirection.
		They will begin by studying the basics of garbage collection, and then examine recent research in the field with a view to developing a topic that can be meaningfully studied in the time available..
	www.cs.hmc.edu /REU/projects.html (1806 words)

	[Chapter 11] 11.7 Garbage Collection
		In Internet Explorer 3.0, garbage collection is implemented in a technically sound way and you don't have to understand any of its details--it is enough to know that when your objects are no longer in use, the memory they occupy will automatically be reclaimed by the system.
		The entire cycle may be garbage, because there is no way to refer to any of these objects from a program, but because they all refer to each other, a reference-counting garbage collector will not be able to detect and free this unused memory.
		The garbage collection scheme in Navigator 2.0 is much simpler than that in Navigator 3.0, and, unfortunately, it is inadequate for the needs of JavaScript programs that use multiple windows and frames.
	www.cs.ait.ac.th /~on/O/oreilly/web/jscript/ch11_07.htm (1856 words)

	Understanding Garbage Collection in the .NET Framework (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The term garbage collection can be defined as management of the allocation and release of memory in an application.
		The garbage collector is optimized to perform the memory free-up at the best time based upon the allocations being made.
		When the garbage collector runs for the next time, these objects are terminated and the memory is released.
	www.c-sharpcorner.com /Code/2002/Aug/GCinNet.asp (770 words)

	Women in Computer Science and Engineering
		Eshrat received her Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Toronto in 1976.
		The main goal of this research is to study, develop and experimentally evaluate memory allocation and garbage collection techniques that significantly advance the state of knowledge in GC.
		She is currently interested in multipoint communications in IP and broadband networks with emphasis on flow/congestion control and quality of service guarantees; video multicast; and multicast routing in IP and mobile networks.
	www.cs.yorku.ca /~eshrat/WiCSE/faculty.html (304 words)

	WPI Computer Science - Faster Garbage Collection
		Detecting the time when a data item ("object") will no longer be used is now the responsibility of an automated garbage collection algorithm, and it is important to make this algorithm fast.
		The state of the art in garbage collection are generational copying algorithms.
		I will review the underlying garbage collection mechanisms that are shared by all these algorithms, and the costs they incur.
	www.cs.wpi.edu /News/Colloquium/19990/20000218.html (285 words)

	IBM \| Research \| David F. Bacon \| Publications
		An overview of the technology behind Metronome real-time garbage collection and our ongoing research program in making Java a high-level real-time programming language, and addressing the needs of complex real-time systems in general.
		Presents a new abstract, generalized, and more accurate algorithm for concurrent garbage collection, shows how both pre-existing and new concrete algorithms can be derived, and studies the relative performance of four algorithms.
		Tracing and reference counting garbage collection are shown to be duals of one another, and all high-performance garbage collectors are shown to be hybrids of tracing and reference counting.
	www.research.ibm.com /people/d/dfb/publications.html (3115 words)

	gc definition from the Dictionary of Words Online
		`garbage collection' is computer-science techspeak for a particular class of strategies for dynamically but transparently reallocating computer memory i.e., without requiring explicit allocation and deallocation by higher-level software.
		a storage allocator with garbage collection by hans-j.
		2000-04-19 see also: garbage collection c malloc pointers sun-3 sun-4 vax bsd ultrix intel 80386 unix sgi alpha osf/1 sequent encore rs/600 hp-ux sony news a/ux amiga next lt;ftp://parcftp.xerox.com/pub/russell/gc3.4.tar.zgt;
	www.dictionaryofwords.com /gc_pag1.html (359 words)

	Continuing Education : University of Vermont
		The Certificate in Computer Software requires completion of at least 15 credits (5 courses) in advisor-approved computer software courses, including CS 21, with a grade C (2.0) or better in each course.
		However, it is recommended that students enroll prior to beginning coursework to ensure that they are properly advised and that their selected courses are approved by a faculty advisor from the Department of Computer Science.
		Although computer laboratories are available on campus for student use during limited hours, students will be at a significant disadvantage if they do not have access to their own computer.
	www.uvm.edu /~learn/?Page=computer.html (1036 words)

	Garbage Collection
		A more sophisticated explanation for the effectiveness of generational garbage collectors is that they try to predict which objects are likely to die soon, and how well they work depends upon the accuracy of these heuristic predictions.
		Although they invented older-first collection for the theoretical purpose of showing that a generational collector can outperform non-generational collection even for the radioactive decay model, they reasoned that older-first collection might work well for the long-lived objects of real programs.
		Generational garbage collection works well when the collector can identify regions of heap storage that contain a higher proportion of garbage than for the heap as a whole.
	www.ccs.neu.edu /home/will/GC (1018 words)

	[No title]
		] In a computer program with dynamic storage allocation, the automatic process of identifying those memory cells whose contents are no longer useful for the computation in progress and then making them available for some other use.
		] A phrase often stressed during introductory courses in computer utilization as a reminder that, regardless of the correctness of the logic built into the program, no answer can be valid if the input is erroneous.
		] The ratio of the charge collected to the charge liberated by the initial ionizing event in a radiation-counter tube.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/G/G3/DictG3.html (1925 words)

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