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Topic: Garcia II of Kongo

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	ILW.COM - US v. Martinez-Garcia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Garcia initially argues that the district court was without authority to make the finding that his 1988 burglary conviction was an "aggravated felony" for purposes of the maximum penalty enhancement of 8 U.S.C. sec.
		Garcia's guilty plea to the 1988 burglary charge went only to an admission that he unlawfully entered a vehicle with the intent to commit a theft, but neither his plea nor the charging document encompassed an admission or charge that he completed the act of taking property from the vehicle./5 3.
		In pleading guilty to this charge, Garcia admitted engaging in conduct which we determine to fit within the parameters of an attempt to commit a theft offense under the INA, and the district court therefore did not err in concluding that the defendant's 1988 conviction was an aggravated felony.
	www.ilw.com /immigdaily/cases/2001,1001-Martinez.shtm (2131 words)

	ILW.COM - Garcia v. Reno (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Garcia is a national of Mexico who married a U.S. citizen in 1978 and consequently attained lawful permanent residency in the United States.
		Garcia argues on appeal, as he did before the district court, that the BIA improperly interpreted the term "crime of violence" to include DWI, resulting in the removal order.
		Garcia's claim is different from Max-George's, because he challenges the BIA's interpretation of "crime of violence," while Max-George challenged--on due process grounds--the retroactive application of § 1227(a)(2)(A)(iii) to cover a crime committed before the enactment of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act.
	www.ilw.com /immigdaily/cases/2000,1128-Garcia.shtm (838 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		Kongo was ruled by the manikongo, or king, and was divided into six provinces, each administered by a governor appointed by the manikongo.
		In 1641, Manikongo Garcia II allied himself with the Dutch in an attempt to control Portuguese slave traders, but in 1665 a Portuguese force decisively defeated the army of Kongo and from that time onward the manikongo was little more than a vassal of Portugal.
		The area of Kongo was incorporated mostly into Angola and partly into the Independent State of the Congo (see Congo, Democratic Republic of the) in the late 19th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:kongo-ki (358 words)

	Kongo Kingdom Of: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		KONGO, KINGDOM OF kÃ´ngËgÅ, kÅngËâ“, former state of W central Africa, founded in the 14th cent.
		The Kongo prophet, Simon Kimbangu...corresponds to that of the former Kongo kingdom, which extends from...the re-establishment of a Kongo kingdom.
		From the powerful wooden statues of the Kongo to the stunning gold jewelry of the Asante, selections from this trove have been...among the most skilled and clever speakers in the kingdom, it is only fitting that Asante proverbs are given...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/kongo_kingdom_of.jsp (1757 words)

	AFRICAN POLITICAL ETHICS AND THE SLAVE TRADE
		Garcia's understanding of the slave trade was that it had caused people to affirm that he was never lord of Angola or Matamba, and moreover, that the application of force had made this so.
		Garcia reflected this attitude well when he wrote the Dutch governor of Brazil, "as the nature of the Portuguese in unquiet and given to sowing discord, and they seek all means to put us head over heels and in revolution, and they do all this for their own ends."
		Garcia's attitude towards runaways probably reflected the larger claim that Portugal's colony of Angola existed for war and slavery, and thus represented an upsetting of the normal process of enslavement.
	muweb.millersville.edu /~winthrop/Thornton.html (6590 words)

	Africa and Slavery 1500-1800 by Sanderson Beck
		Eight years later a Kongo embassy went to Lisbon, and by 1506 the Kongo king was baptized as Afonso I; the Portuguese renamed his Mbanza capital Sao Salvador.
		In 1664 Ndongo ngola Ari II by defeating local chiefs took control of trade routes in order to tax caravans between Luanda and the Kongo; but in 1671 the Luanda governor captured the Ndongo royal family and sent them to a monastery in Portugal, building a fort in their last capital.
		Garcia died and was succeeded by Antonio; but at Mbwila (Ambuila) in 1665 the Angolan army of 360 Europeans and 7,000 Africans defeated and killed Antonio and 400 Kongo nobles.
	www.san.beck.org /1-13-Africa1500-1800.html (22906 words)

	1665
		July 7 - King Charles II of England leaves London with his entourage, fleeing the Great Plague.
		Rumours abound that syphilis wards off the Plague, causing many Londoners to frequent the brothels.
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese forces defeat and kill king Garcia II of Kongo, ending native rule of that kingdom.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/1/16/1665.html (540 words)

	Central Africa, 1600-1800 A.D. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Deteriorating environmental conditions and the dissolution of the Kongo kingdom in the Atlantic region leads to wide-ranging and protracted violence as rival kingdoms compete for natural resources and political dominance.
		Portugal contributes to the instability as it clashes with neighboring kingdoms to establish and expand Angola, a small colony at the northwestern tip of the present country of Angola.
		The successive reigns of Kongo kings Garcia II (1641–61) and Antonio I (1661–65) witness a prolonged campaign to restore centralized control of the kingdom by containing Portuguese aggression emanating from Angola.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/09/sfc/ht09sfc.htm (830 words)

	EISA { AFRICAN DEMOCRACY PROFILES & COMPARATIVE INFORMATION - ANGOLA }
		Internal disaffection within the Kongo state led to conflicts over succession at the centre and an inability of the central authority to assert its authority of the component parts of the kingdom at the periphery.
		From this base she assembled a coalition of states in 1635, which included Matamba, Ndongo, Kongo, Kassanje, Dembos and Kissamas, with which she was able to keep the Portuguese at bay (Library of Congress 1996a, 1989e, Angolan Embassy 1996a).
		They defeated the army of Anthony, Garcia's successor, at the Battle of Mbwila in 1665 and reduced the Kongo to vassalage, installing a Portuguese puppet on the throne (Library of Congress 1989d, Angolan Embassy 1996a, 1996b).
	www.eisa.org.za /WEP/angoverview3.htm (958 words)

	1665 info here at en.72of100e.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese troubles triumph 'n kill khan Garcia II of Kongo, swan native regimen of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to be reformed King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet finished the beach of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a corresponding charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies 'n expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
	en.72of100e.info /warcraft-pvp-movies/1665 (753 words)

	Untitled1
		Alexander II of Russia, 193, 197, 214, 216
		Henry II of England, 54, 66, 78, 80, 84
		Philip II of Spain, 72, 225, 231, 239, 241
	www.quaker.org /clq/wealth-and-poverty/26index.htm (214 words)

	1665 info here at en.27of100b.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese thewss subjugation & kill caesar Garcia II of Kongo, generation native guideline of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to emerge as King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet cancelled the seaboard of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a unimportant charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies & expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
	en.27of100b.info /1665 (721 words)

	1665 info here at en.90of100b.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese efforts vanquishment and kill mikado Garcia II of Kongo, omega native paradigmatic of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to wax King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet the strand of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a plop charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies and expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
	en.90of100b.info /1665 (648 words)

	Operation Enduring Freedom - Deployments
		As of the end of November 2001 eight B-1s and ten B-52s were deployed to Diego Garcia.
		This was Japan's first military contingent since World War II to be deployed in support of forces in combat.
		The Japanese force is stationed at the island of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/ops/enduring-freedom_deploy.htm (4381 words)

	Northeastern University - International Affairs
		Topics include the Cold War, independence and national movements in developing countries, the globalization of the world economy, scientific and technological innovations, wealth and poverty, the eradication of some diseases and the spread of others, the fall of the Soviet Union, Middle East turmoil, and the enduring conflict between Israel and Palestine.
		Provides an analysis of the culture of the West (encompassing a geographic region stretching from Moscow to the Pacific) from the end of the Renaissance to the present, focusing on the conjunction of environmental, political, economic, social, cultural, and psychological forces that encouraged or discouraged creativity.
		Large portions of the course focus on World Wars I and II, but attention is also paid to the smaller wars of this period, to unconventional and nonmilitary forms of warfare, to the international trade in arms and training, and to terrorism, both state-sponsored and transnational.
	www.casdn.neu.edu /~intl/courses.shtml (7448 words)

	H-Net Review: John K. Thornton on The Kongo Kingdom
		The Kingdom of Kongo was an important African state, and an important part of the American background because as many as one in five African Americans descend from people who were originally from the Kingdom of Kongo.
		He then mistakenly contends that the Portuguese conquered Kongo in the aftermath of the battle, though in the introduction he describes this as simply the break up of the country.
		This approach is at odds with virtually all scholarship produced since the early 1970s, which puts Kongo's "Golden Age" in the early and mid-seventeenth century, and views the Jaga invasion as a relatively minor problem.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=16266953064758 (809 words)

	Kongo, kingdom of - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Kongo, kingdom of" at HighBeam.
		Le roi du Kongo et les monstres sacres: mythes et rites bantous, III.(Book Review)
		There are many Kongo worlds particularities of magico-religious beliefs among the Vili and Yombe of Congo-Brazzaville.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-kongo-ki.html (521 words)

	1665 info here at en.32of100c.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese impulses defeasance & kill mikado Garcia II of Kongo, completion native propriety of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to develop into King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet not employed the littoral of Lowestoft.
		July July 7 - King Charles II of England leaves London with her entourage, fleeing the Great Plague.
	en.32of100c.info /1665 (680 words)

	1665 info here at en.24of100b.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese mights breakdown & kill majesty Garcia II of Kongo, cessation native guide of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to turn into King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet inoperative the seaboard of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a subsequent charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies & expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
	en.24of100b.info /1665 (740 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to become King James II of England) defeats the, um Dutch Fleet off the, um coast of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a second charter for the, um Province of Carolina, which clarifies expands the, um borders of the, um Lords Proprietors' tracts.
		July July 7 - King Charles II of England leaves London with his entourage, fleeing the, um Great Plague.
	www.n00bie.net /1665 (554 words)

	1665 info here at en.86of100c.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese enforcements break und kill baron Garcia II of Kongo, expiry native of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to turn not allowed King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet unavailable the seacoast of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a supplementary charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies und expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
	en.86of100c.info /denver-cpa/1665 (642 words)

	Falkland, Fife oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		traditional counties]] Queen Elizabeth II, head of state of the United Kingdom, is descended from King James VI, King of Scots, the first Scottish monarch to also be King of England (James I, King of England from 1603).
		Monarchs between 1603 and 1707, such as James VI and I and James VII and II, reigned over separate states and hence used a dual ordinal (see Personal union).
		The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II who acceded to the throne in 1952 and was crowned in 1953.
	falkland.fife.en.oddd.org (10991 words)

	1665 info here at en.blogaustralia.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese drubbing kill mikado Garcia II of Kongo, native principle of that kingdom.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a twofold charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
		July July 7 - King Charles II of England leaves London with their entourage, fleeing the Great Plague.
	en.blogaustralia.info /general-knowledge-questions-and-answers/1665 (776 words)

	1665 info here at en.94of100b.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese velocitys ruin kill khan Garcia II of Kongo, swan expression native truism of that kingdom.
		June June 3 - James Stuart, Duke of York (later to turn into King James II of England) defeats the Dutch Fleet small the beach of Lowestoft.
		June 30 - King Charles II of England issues a under charter for the Province of Carolina, which clarifies expands the borders of the Lords Proprietors' tracts.
	en.94of100b.info /1665 (714 words)

	AllRefer.com - Kongo, kingdom of, Africa History (African History) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		AllRefer.com - Kongo, kingdom of, Africa History (African History) - Encyclopedia
		Kongo, kingdom of[kOng´gO, kong´–] Pronunciation Key, former state of W central Africa, founded in the 14th cent.
		In 1482, Diogo CAo, a Portuguese explorer, visited the kingdom, and the reigning manikongo, Nzinga Nkuwu, was favorably impressed with Portuguese culture.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Kongo-ki.html (462 words)

	kingdom of Kongo
		Afonso I (reigned 1505–43), was raised as a Christian and attempted to convert the kingdom to Christianity and European ways.
		The slave trade, which undermined the social structure of Kongo, continued to weaken the authority of the
		In 1641, Manikongo Garcia II allied himself with the Dutch in an attempt to control Portuguese slave traders, but in 1665 a Portuguese force decisively defeated the army of Kongo and from that time onward the
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0828072.html (395 words)

	Kongo, Kingdom Of - ENCYCLOPEDIA - The History Channel UK
		Kongo, kingdom of, former state of W central Africa, founded in the 14th cent.
		However, in 1569 the Portuguese aided Kongo by helping to repel an invasion from the east by a Lunda
		Except as otherwise permitted by written agreement, the following are prohibited: copying substantial portions or the entirety of the work in machine readable form, making multiple printouts thereof, and other uses of the work inconsistent with U.S. and applicable foreign copyright and related laws.
	www.thehistorychannel.co.uk /staging/search/search.php?word=Kongo-ki (484 words)

	Angola Traditional states
		Although the Kongo Kingdom encompassed a large area in present-day Congo (Kinshasa), it is recorded here because its capital city, Mbanza Kongo (São Salvador), has always been in present-day Angola.
		The record for the 18th and early 19th century is very obscure and there are conflicting lists of rulers and dates up to Pedro V.
		Vilombo II Vinene Kaneketela II Cingi II Cinene Livonge
	www.worldstatesmen.org /Angola_native.html (292 words)

	1665 oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		- Battle of Ambuila: Portuguese forces defeat and kill king Garcia II of Kongo, ending native rule of that kingdom.
		- 1975 - Charlie Chaplin is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II of England.
		According to legend, fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse in Estonia, and turned the Danes' luck.
	oddd.org /en/1665 (6771 words)

	[No title]
		It was during World War II that U.S. Army organization finally got modernized.
		The organization adopted for armor divisions back then (brigades and a variable number of battalions), was the basis of the 1960s reorganization, and is still at the core of the new brigade organization.
		Brazil was one of the few countries that sent combat units to fight alongside Allied troops during World War II.
	www.strategypage.com /fyeo/howtomakewar/docs/htworld.htm (6770 words)

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