
	Where results make sense

Topic: Garden path sentence

Related Topics

Computational linguistics

Parsing

In the News (Sat 19 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Garden path sentence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Garden path sentences are used in psycholinguistics to illustrate that human beings process language one word at a time.
		The enhancements in questions are not a matter of deliberately introducing garden path errors into natural language systems, but giving these systems the ability to process language incrementally, autonomously without user intervention to tell systems where individual sentences begin or end, is liable to occur spontaneously.
		The ability to simulate the garden path effect is not a computational linguistic goal in itself, but a potentially useful measure of the ability to perform incremental processing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Garden_path_sentence (569 words)

	There’s a pattern here to see » Blog Archive » Linguist thought able to read isn’t
		I’m willing to bet that if this headline were included among a set of sentences in a psycholinguistic experiment of the appropriate type, the result would be similar to other garden path sentences: people would take a significantly longer time reading it than other, “ordinary” sentences (where time is measured in milliseconds, mind you).
		A garden path often occurs when the usage in the ambiguous sentence is unexpected given past usages of words and phrases.
		One source of the garden pathing here is that doctors are people who do a lot of suspecting (e.g., about the cause of someone’s illness), and unlike, say, mobsters, they are not highly frequent suspects themselves.
	camba.ucsd.edu /bakovic/blog/index.php/garden-path (959 words)

	SparkNotes: Language: Syntax
		For example, we can parse the sentence, "The boy hit the ball." The noun phrase of this sentence is "the boy," the verb phrase is "hit," and the object phrase is "the ball." Phrases can be moved around for stylistic reasons or to draw more attention to a certain part of the sentence.
		Subjects were shown a sentence on a computer screen one word at a time, and could press a key to advance to the next word when they were ready.
		The errors we make in parsing such sentences are called garden-path errors, because they lead us down the wrong path (the proverbial garden path).
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/cognitive/language/section3.rhtml (960 words)

	[No title]
		A garden path sentence invites the listener to consider one possible parse, and then at the end forces him to abandon this parse in favor of another.
		For most informants, there is a distinct feeling of having to re-parse the sentence; it does not feel like both parses were being built up simultaneously, and the second one was tested after the first was ruled out.
		An explanation for this is that while the listener is parsing ``fell down and broke its leg'' as a verb phrase, he or she is also trying to re-analyze ``the horse raced past the barn'' as a noun phrase.
	www.norvig.com /ucsd.html (2345 words)

	Re: Garden Path (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		: Hi Ronni, : Definition on page 389 reads: Garden path sentence: a sentence in : which the comprehender assumes a particular meaning of a : word or phrase but discovers later that the assumption : was incorrect, forcing the comprehender to backtrack : and reinterpret the sentence.
		Throughout : the entire sentence I thought the speaker was afraid : of Ali's physical abilities but at the end of the sentence : the word "alcohol" changed my perception of the : entire sentence.
		So, I had to "garden path" my way : through the sentence again to understand the : real meaning of the word "punch." In this case, the word : "punch" was referring to his ability to handle alcohol and not : his physical ability.
	locutus.ucr.edu /Classes/135OLD/wwwboard/oldmessages/47.html (705 words)

	VERBAL WORKING MEMORY AND SENTENCE COMPREHENSION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In general, for garden path sentences like (7), group differences in reading times and accuracies were not statistically significant and differences in reading times were not found while subjects were reading the ambiguous portions of the sentence.
		Just and Carpenter (1992) studied garden path sentences similar to those in (7) but in which the animacy of the first noun constrains the possible interpretation of the sentence, as well as sentences that were unambiguous because of the presence of a relative pronoun.
		The sentence complexity metric in these experiments, however, was the presence of a negative element in the sentence (e.g., A cat does not hunt mice), which significantly affects the complexity of the judgment task but has little effect on the complexity of the syntactic structure of the sentence.
	cogprints.org /623/00/bbs_caplan.html (16452 words)

	[No title]
		In sentence (a), her is being used as a possessive determiner, and duck is a noun.
		In sentence (b), her is the noun phrase and duck is a verb.
		The trickier sentences are shown by the peaks in the middle of the plot.
	www.cs.earlham.edu /~davisab/presentation.txt (2337 words)

	[No title]
		A sentence with a large gap between the highest and second ranked interpretation has low ambiguity; one with nearly-equal ranked interpretations has high ambiguity; and in general the degree of ambiguity is inversely proportional to the sharpness of the drop-off in ranking.
		A garden path sentence invites the listener to consider one possible parse, and then at the end forces this parse to be abandoned in favor of another.
		Sentence (59) provides a topological clash that cannot easily be resolved into a single interpretation, even though the meaning of the two cliches is consistent.
	www.norvig.com /bls88.html (5379 words)

	Language Lecture Notes - E. Pritchard
		Sentence processing's idea that people use a lexicon to create the syntactic representation of the sentence is similar to the text processing idea that meaning is created through the resonance of the text with information already in memory.
		For example, in sentence processing models the word "milked" would be treated the same in "a farmer milked" as it would be in "a cow milked." However, text processing models would not treat "milked" as meaning the same thing in those two contexts.
		There are sentences that lead recipients down a garden path, so that they think a sentence is saying one thing, when it turns out to being saying something quite different.
	io.uwinnipeg.ca /~epritch1/lang1.htm (3347 words)

	Dangling modifier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some such modifiers are fairly standard, and not considered dangling modifiers — "speaking of [topic]", for example, is commonly used as a transition from one topic to a related one — but this is not generally the case: in "Fuming, she left the room", "fuming" can only modify "she".
		One of the reasons the sentence adverb usage seems more acceptable these days is that its semantics are reminiscent of the German hoffentlich ("it is to be hoped that") which implies (in the context of the first example) that the speaker hopes the sun will shine.
		Garden path sentence, a stylistic pitfall that causes confusion in a way similar to dangling modifiers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dangling_modifier (455 words)

	Language Miniatures 108: 'Garden path' sentences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In other words the sentence misled you, or to use a colloquial expression, you were "led down the garden path".
		It does this when we hear or read a sentence that momentarily misleads us into interpreting the meaning, only to force us to change our mind when the rest of the sentence joins the procession.
		The fact that nouns and verbs frequently have the same form in English is another source of garden path sentences.
	home.bluemarble.net /~langmin/miniatures/garden.htm (700 words)

	Computing Papers on Path (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The code studied utilizes a random path model using entwined paths that can be shown to model the quantum mechanical properties of a particle in a box.
		Fixed receiver path networks (FRP-network), where each processor in the network has a unique receive path, reduce the complexity of on-chip data-path and control logic, as well as exploit the I/O count and bandwidth advantages of opto-electronics to increase the network bandwidth and to reduce node latencies.
		T he other was tosee whether of English sentences a the automatic syntactic module region operate s or not, according to the ambiguous in each sentence.
	computing.breinestorm.net /path (2687 words)

	Moon Free of Shadows
		In linguistics garden path sentences are defined as temporarily ambiguous sentences.
		Discovered in 1970, they are sentences that are constructed so as to be especially hard to parse for humans.
		Hmmm, no, "Streak hits half a doesn't" is not of the a garden path variety, because there are no alternative parses, and no "eureka!" moment, not even after re-reading the sentence five times.
	blogs.sun.com /robc/date/20050113 (245 words)

	What Others Are Saying About Garden Lunacy
		Share his daydream of recruiting garden club members at a Hortiholics Anonymous meeting, visit the wacky world of TV and magazine photo shoots, and test your talent for separating gardeners from non-gardeners with his eye chart.
		Gardeners will laugh as they recognize themselves, but they will also be comforted by the fact that there are people out there who are even more obsessive than they are.
		Garden Lunacy: A Growing Concern is filled with tales -- of travel problems in a late snowstorm with a car full of plants, an apartment overflowing with seedlings or plants, and [someone] carefully tending a marijuana plant in a public garden.
	www.gardenlunacy.com /others.htm (1721 words)

	Introduction
		This is most apparent in the case of the garden path sentence; sentences that have an ambiguity in interpretation that is resolved upon reaching a disambiguator.
		Then, his papers categorize garden path sentences into groups based on the type of ambiguity resolved; these are modeled as well to show how a FSG handle typical adult redundancy processing.
		A garden path sentence contains an element that can be assigned more than one lexical category (N, V, MOD, ADJ) or representation (meaning, pronunciation, intonation) which appears before a disambiguating element that fixes the interpretation of the sentence both semantically and phonologically by restricting the ambiguous element to a single category and representation.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~marce/ling/fsg/intro.html (903 words)

	Computing Papers on Garden path (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Parsing involves the identification of the components of a sentence (e.g., subject, verb, object) and their relationship to each other a.
		Garden-path structure: the assumption that we follow a word-by-word path in sentence processing, in which we attempt to fit a sentence into a presented structure i.
		We are testing the hypothesis directly by developing a corpus of sentences which a native speaker can analyze without conscious effort, and constructing a neural net architecture that accepts a buffer of sentence elements fed in sequentially as input and produces structure buildin...
	computing.breinestorm.net /garden+path (2461 words)

	TYPE OF PROPOSAL:
		Problem Statement: If a human reads sentence (1) as written (with no question mark, exclamation mark, or period), a problem immediately arises concerning the pronunciation of the phrase can it and the intonation pattern assigned to it (which can be imperative or question).
		Sentence (1) can be given the semantic, syntactic, phonetic, and intonation analysis in (2) or (3).
		Sentences like (1) pose a particularly difficult problem for any text-to-speech machine that processes the words of a sentence sequentially from left to right while attempting to produce the sentence in spoken form over a loudspeaker.
	www.nyu.edu /its/humanities/ach_allc2001/papers/dougherty/index.html (1642 words)

	Garden Path Sentences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Such sentences are so called because they lead the listener up the garden path to an incorrect parsing.
		Pinker remarks that garden path sentences are one of the hallmarks of bad writing.
		None of these sentences has random words tacked on; none of them are sentence fragments stitched together; none of them are incomplete.
	home.tiac.net /~cri/1998/garpath1.html (157 words)

	Why Babies are Geniuses at Grammar... (reddit.com)
		For instance, your sentence 'this is a nice example for the...fallacies'.
		In the previous sentence, think about the difference between 'this is a picture of my brothers' and 'this is a picture for my brothers'.
		Cognitively, your subconcious embeds context clues to your forward speech in grammatically-correct full sentences, in the language you are thinking in when you give them.
	reddit.com /info/f7td/comments (1624 words)

	Prelim Answer Attempts
		In nominative-accusative languages, the subject of a transitive sentence and the subject of an intransitive sentence are both marked in nominative case.
		The subject of a transitive sentence and the object of a transitive sentence have no morphological marking, and are thus in the absolutive case.
		Ambiguous sentences such as "The cop saw the spy with the binoculars." and "He took the right turn at the intersection." are different from garden-paths since both interpretations are possible, depending on context.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~meylysa/prelim/prelim.html (11007 words)

	PSY 531 General Announcements
		Listen to the examples of identical sentences (in British English) with different tone, and be certain that you understand the difference in meaning attributed to them.
		What Ladefoged's website does is it takes a sentence, namely "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush", and plays just the first formant, just the second formant, just the third formant, all three formants together, etc. so you can hear what each band of energy sounds like separately.
		EXTRA CREDIT 1: There are 2 meanings associated with the sentence in c -- one in which the man uses the binoculars to see the spy, and one in which the man see the spy who happens to have binoculars.
	online.sfsu.edu /~johnjkim/courses/FALL03/531/531.general_info.html (3855 words)

	languagehat.com: Comment on MORE LAX SYNTAX.
		That is to say, even though the easiest way to fix it would be to put a "which" in there near the start, this "wrong" version isn't even wrong until you get to the last three words.
		A garden path sentence is grammatical but doesn't seem to be.
		Anacoluthon is the author just forgetting mid-way how their sentence started, and taking off from a wrong memory, to give something ungrammatical.
	www.languagehat.com /mt/mt-comments.cgi?entry_id=1420 (501 words)

	Halfbakery: Garden Noam
		[A "garden path sentence" is a sentence one misreads at first, due to a wrong decision in an ambiguous grammatical situation.
		And a Garden Richard Feynman and a Garden Stephen Hawking (seated).
		I've been told that 'the garden path' was a polite term for the path to the outhouse.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Garden_20Noam (452 words)

	Sorting It All Out : Garden Path Menus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I remarked to Melanie that it must be a garden path sentence -- a pragmatic one, at that!
		Of course I always wondered why they are called garden path sentences anyway -- they seem to cause a much bigger jolt.
		Not exactly a garden path sentence, but numbers in French can lead me astray -- something like "quatre-vingt dix-sept" leads to two false starts ("4 -- no 80-something -- no 90-something ") when fishing out change at the cash.
	blogs.msdn.com /michkap/archive/2006/07/23/675957.aspx (660 words)

	Stanford Linguistics Colloquium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		For example in a sentence like "Pat loves cats and dogs," traditional parsers are likely to examine and then abandon the VP structure VP(V(loves) N(cats)) in favor of VP(V(loves) NP(cats and dogs)).
		This non-deterministic backtracking search process is ubiquitous in our conception of computational linguistics because of the entrenched role of Boolean logic formalisms in linguistics.
		I will re-cast parsing in a convex optimization framework and demonstrate how this approach scales gracefully to context-sensitive languages and to joint intonation and syntax parsing.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/linguistics/colloq/1999/1999may28.html (297 words)

	Ambiguities > Garden Path Sentences
		garden path sentences because they are easily misunderstood (they lead you down the garden path) even though they are all grammatical!
		Unless you are a linguist who has studied syntax and garden path sentences, the answer is probably "no".
		garden path suggestions; please send them to us.
	www.fun-with-words.com /ambiguous_garden_path.html (471 words)

	Add a Sentence, Create a Story..... - GardenGuides Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The deer that roamed the neighbourhood were in search of this year's bountiful garden greens to tempt their palates.
		Both their hearts beat in unison as their eyes met, then the deer turned and looked to the path that she had come from.
		Jenny, the small child, sat hidden in the tall grass and could barely hold her excitement as she witnessed the gathering of wildlife on the pond.
	www.gardenguides.com /forum/showthread.php?t=17785 (459 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)