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Topic: Gardiner Greene Hubbard

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	Clarke School - Historical Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard were shocked to learn that their daughter, Mabel, had become deafened through scarlet fever at the age of four.
		Through a friend she met Gardiner Greene Hubbard, and with his financial support, a small school of five pupils was opened in June 1866, in Chelmsford, Massachusetts.
		Hubbard had several meetings with members of the Massachusetts Legislature and to these meetings he invited Roscoe Greene, an 18-year-old student at Chelmsford School; Jeanie Lippitt, a deaf child who had been trained orally by her mother; and his own daughter, Mabel.
	www.clarkeschool.org /history.html (1339 words)

	info on Gardiner Greene Hubbard b. Aug. 25, 1822 in MA
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard was a descendant of Wm.
		Hubbard of Ipswich, MA and the eldest son of Samuel Hubbard and Mary Ann GREENE.
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard is 9th in descent from William Hubbard of Ipswich, MA and 8th in descent from his son the Rev. William Hubbard of Ipswich.
	www.genforum.genealogy.com /hubbard/messages/4452.html (641 words)

	David Greene Letterbook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Greene submitted a petition to the Governor and Council of Massachusetts in April, 1784, for a license to return to Boston, and was added to the list of Loyalists permitted to return.
		Greene was displeased with the social climate on Antigua where, he felt, "every man seems to live… with a View to some other Place to which he hopes to remove at some future Period." (#94).
		Greene's letters to Thomas Fraser in particular demonstrate Greene's clever wit and a sensitivity to those to whom he is close (see esp. #177 and 182).
	www.clements.umich.edu /Webguides/G/Greene_D.html (1419 words)

	National Geographic Society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The National Geographic Society was founded in the United States on January 27, 1888, by 33 men interested in "organizing a society for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge." They had begun discussing forming the Society two weeks earlier on January 13, 1888.
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard became its first president and his son-in-law, Alexander Graham Bell, eventually succeeded him.
		The Hubbard Medal is awarded by the National Geographic Society for distinction in exploration, discovery, and research.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Geographic_Society (1207 words)

	Explorer's House - Robert M. Poole - Penguin Group (USA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hubbard followed this note with a heavy-handed suggestion that Bell give up his lectures and forgo his plans for training instructors for the deaf.
		Hubbard's timing could not have been worse, for Bell had been under countervailing pressure from his father to spend more time teaching and less time on scientific research, which the elder Bell considered impractical and speculative.
		In Bell's day, this was due largely to the vigilance of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who had finally discovered his great role in life, to orchestrate Bell's defense in patent litigation and to organize the Bell Telephone Company, of which Hubbard would serve as the founding president.
	www.penguinputnam.com /nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,0_1594200327_EXC,00.html (5404 words)

	History of the Telephone : galaxyphones (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a prominent Boston lawyer and the president of the Clarke School for The Deaf, became interested in Bell's experiments.
		They also knew Bell the man, since Bell tutored Hubbard's daughter and he was helping Sander's deaf five year old son learn to speak.
		Hubbard, on the other hand, discouraged Bell's romance with his daughter until the harmonic telegraph was invented.
	www.ebuylondon.co.uk /telephone_history03.asp (1721 words)

	West Coast Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because of his pre-occupation with teaching and inventing, it was left to one of Bell’s financial backers, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, to file the telephone patent application.
		Hubbard submitted the application several weeks prior to the successful test, a decision that proved to be critical in the final outcome of awarding the patent.
		Hubbard and Sanders, and technical assistant Thomas Watson joined in partnership to form the Bell Telephone Company.
	www.westcoasttimes.com.au /050318/050318-alexandergrahambell.htm (1392 words)

	History of telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		By October 1874, Bell's research had progressed to the extent that he could inform his future father-in-law, Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, about the possibility of a multiple telegraph.
		Hubbard, who resented the absolute control then exerted by the Western Union Telegraph Company, instantly saw the potential for breaking such a monopoly and gave Bell the financial backing he needed.
		Bell proceeded with his work on the multiple telegraph, but he did not tell Hubbard that he and Thomas Watson, a young electrician whose services he had enlisted, were also exploring an idea that had occurred to him that summer - that of developing a device that would transmit speech electrically.
	www.pledgeco.com /inventions/telephone.htm (794 words)

	HUBBARD, Gardiner Greene [1822-1897] -- American lawyer, financier
		HUBBARD, Gardiner Greene, lawyer, was born in Boston, Mass., Aug. 25, 1822; son of Judge Samuel and Mary (Greene) Hubbard; grandson of Gardiner Greene, and a direct descendant of the Rev. William Hubbard, Harvard, 1642.
		Hubbard was instrumental in bringing Bell's invention to successful realization by his capital and executive ability.
		Hubbard's widow presented to the U.S. government the large collection of etchings and engravings which he had gathered, together with $20,000 for its annual increase.
	freepages.history.rootsweb.com /~dav4is/people/HUBB316.htm (502 words)

	Metroactive Features \| Techsploits
		Hubbard, whose intellectual interests led him to found the National Geographic Society, was fascinated by the breadth of Bell's scientific knowledge.
		Hubbard was less than delighted, however, when he discovered that Bell's greatest passion was for his 17-year-old daughter Mabel.
		Perhaps it was a peculiar circuit of desire that led Bell to experiment with the phonoautograph, a device that incorporated the severed ear of a dead man. When Bell spoke into the ear, a lever attached to a membrane in the eardrum made wave patterns on smoked glass.
	www.metroactive.com /papers/metro/09.29.04/work-0440.html (802 words)

	Connected Earth: Hubbard, Gardiner Greene (1833-1884) : co-founder of Bell
		Gardiner Hubbard was a founding partner of the Bell Telephone Company alongside Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Sanders, later becoming president of the National Geographic Society.
		A lawyer and businessman, Hubbard believed that that Bell's inventions would go far, but selling the first phones was never easy.
		When the offer was refused Hubbard hit on the idea of leasing out phones rather than selling them, which reduced customers' outlay.
	www.connected-earth.com /Galleries/Pioneersandpersonalities/H/HubbardGardinerGreene/index.htm (166 words)

	Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers (Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Family Papers series includes papers of Alexander Graham Bell's father, Alexander Melville Bell, a leader in the field of vocal physiology and elocution, and Mabel Gardiner Hubbard Bell's father, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, one of the founders of the telephone industry and the first president of the National Geographic Society.
		Also included are docket books of United States and British patents, published volumes of the American Annals of the Deaf, some of which were annotated by Alexander Graham Bell, correspondence of Mabel Gardiner Hubbard Bell and her daughter, Marian Fairchild, scrapbooks, and court proceedings of Bell patent litigation.
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard" "The Use of Highways as Memorials" "Waterways of Canada" "Weeds" "Whittier as a Poet" "William Shakespeare" "Wireless Telegraphy" "Woman's Rights" "World of Silence" "The World's Fair" "Yacht Races" Untitled 1880 ca.
	www.loc.gov /rr/mss/text/bell.html (2315 words)

	Welcome To Thomas Sherwin Pioneers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A little later Gardiner Greene Hubbard also became interested in Bell and made similar offers of assistance.
		By this arrangement Bell turned all his business affairs over to his partners, and on July 11, 1877, he married Mabel G. Hubbard, daughter of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, and left for Europe, where he remained for over a year.
		In 1883, in co-operation with Gardiner Greene Hubbard, he established Science, now the organ of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and from 1896 to 1904 was president of the National Geographic Society.
	www.sherwinpioneers.org /alexandergraham.htm (989 words)

	Alexander Graham Bell - The Humanitarian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Mabel Hubbard, Alexander Graham Bell's wife, was born on November 25, 1857, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		Her Hubbard grandfather was a justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Court.
		Hubbard's daughter, Mabel, deaf since the age of five, became another of Aleck's students.
	www.digitaloutrider.com /html/bell/humanitarian.html (1613 words)

	A Slice of History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Hubbard was finally ready to accept the telephone as a useful instrument of communication.
		Based on success of an earlier venture in leasing shoemaking machines, Hubbard decided telephone service would be leased rather than purchased by consumers, a practice that would remain until the later half of the 1900's.
		One of Hubbard's final but far-reaching acts was to bring aboard the key individual who eventually would establish the communications giant American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), Theodore Vail.
	css.its.psu.edu /news/nlfa98/slice.html (2629 words)

	The Message of Alexander Graham Bell -- Objectivist Center -- Reason, Individualism, Achievement, and Freedom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Two businessmen—one of them his future father-in-law, Gardiner Greene Hubbard—gave him some financial backing, although he had to continue working as a teacher by day.
		In 1874, Bell had the further thought that the amplitude of vocal tones as well as the pitches could be translated into electricity, carried over a wire, and then reproduced at the other end.
		Hubbard even threatened to break off Bell's relationship with his daughter, but Bell's proud and angry reply forced him to back down.
	www.objectivistcenter.org /text/rdonway_message-alexander-graham-bell.asp?navigator (1572 words)

	GILBERT HOVEY GROSVENOR, FATHER OF PHOTOJOURNALISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gardiner Hubbard, most likely, would have clip—clopped in a closed carriage from his Twin Oaks estate on Woodley Road (now the residence of the head of the Taiwan Economic & Cultural Office).
		Hubbard had been a successful lawyer and entrepreneur in Boston with the misfortune that in 1862 his four—year—old daughter Mabel had lost her hearing owing to scarlet fever.
		At Hubbard’s suggestion these first National Geographics were edited by four volunteer vice presidents, each responsible for land, sea, air and art, and by a part—time moonlighting statistician from the Department of Agriculture.
	www.cosmos-club.org /journals/1998/wentzel.html (5131 words)

	A. G. Bell Papers, Browse by Folder
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Family Correspondence, Alexander Graham Bell, January-February 1878
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard, Family Correspondence, Alexander Graham Bell, July-December 1878
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard, General Correspondence, Samuel L. Clemens, 1890
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/bellhtml/magbellFolder1.html (1834 words)

	Welcome to Cleveland Park Historical Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Twin Oaks was built in 1888 for the Gardiner Greene Hubbard as a summer retreat from their in-town residence on Connecticut Avenue just above the White House.
		Hubbard had financially supported his son-in-law in his invention of the telephone and helped him establish the first telephone company.
		Another distinctive feature of Cleveland Park is the topography and the extensive green space scattered throughout and bordering the neighborhood.
	www.clevelandparkdc.org /history/histcp.asp (2016 words)

	Gardiner Greene Hubbard Collection (Prints and Photographs Reading Room, Library of Congress) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard shortly after the completion of the new Library Building.
		The collection had been assembled by her late husband, Gardiner Greene Hubbard (1822-1897), first president of the National Geographic Society and an important figure in the development of the telephone industry, and included works by Dürer, Rembrandt, Callot and other major printmakers, historical prints pertaining to Napolean Bonaparte and Frederick the Great and numerous portraits.
		Hubbard provided the Library with a special fund for the purchase of additional prints.
	www.loc.gov /rr/print/coll/124.html (291 words)

	AlterNet: Just Listen
		Hubbard, whose intellectual interests led him to found National Geographic, was fascinated by the breadth of Bell's scientific knowledge.
		Hubbard was less than delighted, however, when he discovered that Bell's greatest passion was for 17-year-old Mabel.
		He finally consented to Mabel and Bell's relationship on one condition: the imaginative Bell would not be allowed to marry Mabel until he'd completed a patent for the telephone.
	www.alternet.org /story/20027 (888 words)

	Hoxie, S. -- Hubbard, George H.: in Cornell University's Making of America
		Hubbard, G. H, Rev., The Economics of Speculation.
		Hubbard, Gardiner G. Government Control of the Telegraph.
		Hubbard, Gardiner Greene, The Late Insurrection in Jamaica.
	moa.cit.cornell.edu /moa/browse.author/h.208.html (55 words)

	Triangle.com \| /books/bookreview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The student was Mabel Hubbard, daughter of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a Boston Brahmin.
		But when Hubbard died, his mother-in-law and wife prevailed upon him, and Bell became president.
		An intimacy of another sort was, in turn, perpetuated in his own relationship with his son, Melville Bell Grosvenor, the next editor and president of the society, which in turn gave way to Melville's relationship with his son, Gilbert Melville Grosvenor, yet another editor and president of the society.
	www.triangle.com /books/bookreview/v-print/story/1944359p-8304393c.html (798 words)

	Bell Family Papers: Time Line of Alexander Graham Bell, 1870-1879
		Bell meets Boston attorney Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who will become one of his financial backers and his father-in-law.
		Thomas Sanders, a wealthy leather merchant whose deaf son studied with Bell, and Gardiner Greene Hubbard enter into a formal partnership with Bell in which they provide financial backing for his inventions.
		Mabel Hubbard and Bell become engaged to be married.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /ammem/bellhtml/1870.html (560 words)

	Catalog of the Gardiner Greene Hubbard Collection of Engravings Presented to the Library of Congress By Mrs. Gardiner ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Catalog of the Gardiner Greene Hubbard Collection of Engravings Presented to the Library of Congress By Mrs.
		PARSONS, ARTHUR JEFFREY Catalog of the Gardiner Greene Hubbard Collection of Engravings Presented to the Library of Congress By Mrs.
		Parsons, Arthur J. Catalogue of the Gardiner Greene Hubbard Collection of Engravings, Presented to the Library of Congress...
	www.antiqbook.com /boox/poor/18994.shtml (130 words)

	Alexander Graham Bell - The Man (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In 1885, when Alec was 38 years old, he and Mabel planned to accompany Alec's father on a visit to Newfoundland.
		Gardiner Greene Hubbard advised them to stop over in Cape Breton, where Hubbard owned shares in the Caledonia Coal Mines.
		Mabel Bell's father, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, was a founding member and the Society's first president.
	www.digitaloutrider.com /html/bell/theman.html (1842 words)

	Brief History of Communications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Western Union was formed in 1856 and completed the first transcontinental telegraph line in 1861 (causing the demise of the Pony Express.) The going rate was about $1 per word.
		Interestingly enough, Alexander Graham Bell's financial backer and father-in-law, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, initially dismissed the telephone as a curiosity, offering to sell the rights to the telephone to Western Union for $100,000.
		(Western Union wasn't interested either.) Perhaps Hubbard was influenced by a quotation attributed to Rutherford B. Hayes, nineteenth president of the United States, who said of the telephone, "That's an amazing invention, but why would anyone ever want to use one?" It took 35 years for this invention to reach 25% of U.S. households.
	oz.plymouth.edu /~gfs/Page2.htm (293 words)

	New England Telephone and Telegraph Company - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The New England Telephone and Telegraph Company was the first company set up to develop the then-new telephone.
		It was formed February 12, 1878 by investors in the states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island at the behest of an agent of Gardiner Greene Hubbard, the father-in-law of telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell.
		That company had no direct relationship to the later New England Telephone and Telegraph Company, which was absorbed by NYNEX, now part of Verizon.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/New_England_Telephone_and_Telegraph (121 words)

	A History of the Telephone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The principle of the telephone was uncovered in 1874, but it was the unique combination of electricity and voice that led to Bell’s actual invention of the telephone in 1876.
		Convincing Bell’s partners, Gardiner Greene Hubbard, a prominent lawyer from Boston, and Thomas Sanders, a leather merchant with capital from Salem, about the potential for voice transmittal was not an easy task, and they often threatened to pull Bell’s funding.
		Bell was nearly beaten to the patent office by Elisha Gray, who had independently developed a very similar invention.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/Engineering_Graphics/2002/telephone/history.htm (1157 words)

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