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	Garigliano River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Garigliano is a river in central Italy.
		For the most part of its 40 km length, the Garigliano river marks the border between the Italian regions of Lazio and Campania.
		During World War II the Liri-Gari(Rapido)-Garigliano rivers were at the centre of a system of German defensive lines (the most famous of which is the Gustav Line) around which the battle of Monte Cassino took place in 1943-44.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Garigliano_River (127 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Rapido River running generally north-to-south from Cassino to the Garigliano River formed the German line of defense blocking entrance into the Liri Valley.
		Garigliano River Bridge on Highway No. 7 Italy, 1944 Launching the Truss for a Bridge 243d Engineers, Italy, 1944 Bridge Near Sessa on Route No. 7 Italy, 1944 Port of Civitavecchia Italy, 1944 Factory at...
		We're going west to the coastal area near the mouth of the Garigliano River to be under the British 12th Brigade for a while.
	garigliano_river.iqexpand.com (376 words)

	Military.com Content
		River assaults under fire are always difficult and hazardous, but the crossing of the Rapido posed more than the usual number of tactical and logistical problems, even though Fifth Army and II Corps planners believed the 36th Division sector offered the best chance for success.
		There were few covered approaches to the river, and because the British X Corps and French Expeditionary Corps had failed to expel the Germans from the heights on both sides of the Liri Valley, the entire area was under enemy observation from Monte Cassino to Sant' Ambrogio.
		Frederick L. Walker, whose veteran 141st and 143rd Infantry regiments were to cross the river at night and envelope Sant' Angelo from the north and south, doubted the wisdom of attempting to ford a flooded river over a four-mile-wide plain with both flanks exposed.
	www.military.com /Content/MoreContent?file=PRrapido (2419 words)

	Railway reconstruction Italy 1943-1946 - Chapter II Section III Subsection 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Crossing the Plains of the Volturno River, it then tunnels under Mount Massico and comes out into the plains of the Garigliano River, crossing the Garigliano River, the line turns to the coast, skirting the shoulder of Mount Aurunci and runs West through the coastal towns of Minturno and Formia.
		The river was deep and covered nearly the whole of the gap at all times.
		The steel superstructure was destroyed by the demolition beyond hope of recovery or salvage and was lying in the river bed about 15 metres downstream from the line of the original bridge.
	users.libero.it /alessandro.tuzza/italy/2_3_3.html (3265 words)

	Garigliano River -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Garigliano is a (A large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)) river in central (A republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD) Italy.
		It forms at the confluence of the rivers Gari (also known as Rapido) and (Click link for more info and facts about Liri) Liri.
		For the most part of its 40 km length, the Garigliano river marks the border between the Italian regions of (An ancient region of west central Italy (southeast of Rome) on the Tyrrhenian Sea) Lazio and (A region of southwestern Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea including the islands of Capri and Ischia) Campania.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/Ga/Garigliano_River.htm (162 words)

	EN5482 Lesson 1
		On the left, near the coast, the British X Corps was to cross the Garigliano River on 17 January.
		The river was 25 to 30 feet wide and ran between near-vertical banks 3 to 6 feet high.
		The 46th Division was to begin its assault across the upper Garigliano River on 17 January.
	globalsecurity.org /military/library/policy/army/accp/en5482/le1.htm (2993 words)

	ITALIA - Discover... The Gulf Of Gaeta - Latium
		River acts as a borer with Campania region.
		The coastal stretch from Gaeta to the mouth of
		river, offers some fascinating spots, alternatively low beaches of white sand and sites where rocky cliffs fall sheer to the sea.
	www.italiantourism.com /discov6.html (1010 words)

	General Walker's Story of the Rapido Crossing
		I could not recall a single instance in military history where an attack had been successful when launched across an unfordable river that was at the same time incorporated into the main defensive position and covered by the fire and artillery and small weapons located on the main line of resistance.
		The infantrymen would have to hand-carry all the crossing equipment to the river bank because there were no suitable roads and because the noise of the trucks grinding through the deep mud would alarm the German outposts.
		The Garigliano crossing near the coast, not the 36th Division's attack at the Rapido, had frightened the Germans.
	www.kwanah.com /36division/ps/ps900204.htm (4907 words)

	Sangro River War Cem
		Progress through southern Italy was rapid despite stiff resistance, but by the end of October, the Allies were facing the German winter defensive position known as the Gustav Line, which stretched from the river Garigliano in the west to the Sangro in the east.
		A bridgehead had been established by the 24th and by nightfall on the 30th, the whole ridge overlooking the river was in Allied hands.
		The site of this cemetery was selected by the 5th Corps and into it were brought the graves of men who had died in the fierce fighting on the Adriatic sector of the front in November-December 1943, and during the static period that followed.
	battlefieldsww2.50megs.com /sangro_river_war_cem.htm (353 words)

	Assonet- Underwater Archaeology - A river of history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1860, the Piedmontese crossed the river after having defeated the Bourbons and the Allied troops landed at Salerno fiercely fought against the German army in 1948.
		In addition to the main causes of pollution typical of all our rivers, such as sewers and industrial waste, there is also a whole variety of scraps, cars, fish traps, nets and trees, which certainly don't make the work of divers easier.
		This is, anyway, one of the areas where future research is to be hoped for: besides establishing the size of the area, which boasts wharfs and other structures, a future mission should aim at making a detailed archaelogical map of the area adjacent to the old Roman bridge.
	www.mclink.it /assoc/assonet/arcart/ukartgar.htm (1215 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Allied soldiers endured icy winds and torrential rains, lived in improvised shelters, ate cold rations, suffered from exposure and trench foot, and hauled their own munitions and supplies up and down steep mountainsides where vehicles and even mule trains were often unable to negotiate the few crude tracks or rocky crags.
		The Rapido was a small but swift-flowing river, 25 to 50 feet wide and 10 to 15 feet deep, with banks varying in height from 3 to 6 feet.
		The 141st and 143d Infantry regiments of the 36th Division were to cross the river on the night of 20 January and envelop Sant'Angelo from the north and south.
	www.ranger95.com /armor/1st_ad_rome_arno_1944.html (7864 words)

	Garigliano Crossing
		Mines were plentiful and the line of the river was held by a strong screen.
		Preparations were very thorough, and included practice crossings on the river Volturno, firing all weapons, thorough reccee of the crossing places, and assault crossing rehearsals.
		In launching the attack, the division crossed the Garigliano on the battalion front, after which the 168 Brigade prepared to follow.
	history.farmersboys.com /Battle_Honours/garrilingo_crossing.htm (1365 words)

	From the Volturno to the Winter Line: Across the Volturno and Against the Winter Line
		The enemy had withdrawn west of the river, laying minefields and destroying bridges, and was waiting in the bald and rugged mountains which formed the eastern flank of the well-defended Barbara Line.
		The Volturno River itself, though flooded at this season, was not to be a difficult obstacle in front of the mountains.
		At the regimental command post, high in the hills east of the river, the progress of both assault battalions could be followed in the darkness by the explosions of the mines.
	www.army.mil /cmh/books/wwii/volturno/volturno-across.htm (6626 words)

	Unit History
		After continuing across the Tiber River to Bassanelio, the division was withdrawn for rehabilitation on 11 Jun 44.
		It then rested and sent the 350th Infantry to assist in Livorno operations 21 Aug 44, and was reinforced by the attachment of the 442d Infantry to the division 20 Aug-2 Sep 44.
		The Cloverleaf boys got their first taste of action-and it was a minor one-when the division took up positions along the Garigliano River in Italy in March 1944.
	www.angelfire.com /extreme2/ww2reenacting/page6.html (1427 words)

	Major Campaigns in World War 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 24,000 mines that the Germans had emplaced along the river banks failed to halt the crossing, which was made in boats when flooding prevented the installation of assault bridging.
		The Americans were to cross the Rapido River, penetrate the Gustav Line, and allow the 1st Armored Division to pass through into the Liri valley, which was the key to Anzio and Rome.
		Because of swampy banks and heavy German fire, the boats were positioned several miles from the river and had to be carried forward by the infancy just prior to the attack.
	www.world-war-2-history.com /campaigns-page/6/12 (822 words)

	Liri - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Liri is a river located in southern Italy.
		Rising in the Apennines, it flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea near Gaeta After its junction with the Rapido, it becomes the Garigliano.
		It provides a moderate amount of hydroelectric power to the surrounding area.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liri_river (69 words)

	CHAPTER 17 The Sangro River \| NZETC
		The narrow river flat in front was thickly cultivated with olive groves, vineyards and orchards; the river itself, unbridged in this vicinity, ran swiftly in several channels between shingle banks; on the other side, beyond marshy ground, was another road, overlooked by steep hills and in places almost vertical cliffs.
		The level of the river had fallen sufficiently for this to be possible with the assistance of ropes.
		The idea of crossing the river had been worrying us for the last few days, as patrols had been coming back with tales of swift water run- ning breast high, but it was not so bad as that.
	www.nzetc.org /etexts/WH2-27Ba/c17.html (4808 words)

	Remembering Sikh Soldiers in Italy
		Minturno lies near the mouth of the Garigliano River, the crossing of which was hotly contested in January 1944.
		The river was swollen by the recent rains, crossing-places were few, and the Germans had better observation.
		A bridgehead across the river having been firmly established by 24th November, the final attack on German positions on the ridge north of the river began on 28th November, with the 8th Indian Division on the right, the 78th Division following through, and the 2nd New Zealand Division on the left.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /052005/italy_sikh_memorial.htm (6584 words)

	Fifth Army At The Winter Line: Preparations for the Attack
		Hinging on the Garigliano River ten miles from the sea, the system extended northeast through the hills barring access to the Rapido Valley into the high Apennines where neither side could operate in force.
		To the south, it is flanked by steep mountains which border the western side of the Garigliano River all the way from the sea to the bend of that river into the Liri Valley.
		Near the Garigliano mouth, a flood-plain five miles wide lies on the eastern side of the stream; attack across this plain, toward dominating hills behind a river barrier, would be exceedingly difficult.
	www.army.mil /Cmh-Pg/books/wwii/winterline/winter-preps.htm (2866 words)

	(iv) \| NZETC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		While Eighth Army was assaulting the best prepared German defences in the Liri valley and north of Cassino, Fifth Army was making sweeping gains farther south, between the Liri River and the sea, through mountainous country which the enemy had believed impassable for a large force.
		On 13 May 2 Moroccan Division captured the 3000-foot Monte Maio, key to the German defences overlooking the Garigliano River, and then exploited north-westwards towards the Liri.
		This permitted the French 1 Motorised Division, after clearing the western bank of the Garigliano, to continue along the southern bank of the Liri to San Giorgio, which it reached on the 14th.
	www.nzetc.org /tm/scholarly/tei-WH2-2Ita-c1-3-4.html (469 words)

	Garigliano River - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Garigliano River - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 01:18, 13 Dec 2004.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Garigliano River contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Garigliano_River (147 words)

	CHAPTER 18 The Struggle for Cassino \| NZETC
		To the south it is flanked by steep mountains which border the western side of the Garigliano River all the way from the sea to where it swings westwards into the Liri valley and becomes the Liri River.
		The first stage of the journey from Castelfrentano to the divisional training area north of the Volturno River near Piedi- monte d'Alife was fraught with the usual difficulties of night moves.
		The Garigliano flows to the sea from the confluence of the Liri and Gari rivers;
	www.nzetc.org /tm/scholarly/tei-WH2DiSi-c18.html (8516 words)

	Latium -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The modern region of Lazio extends farther to include the entire coastal plain between the Fiora River in the north and Garigliano River...
		Halfway down the Italian peninsula, on the west coast, is a small river called the Tiber.
		The coastal plain south of the river was known as Latium in ancient times, after the people who lived there—the Latins.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9047305 (641 words)

	History of 310th Engineer Battalion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		River Capo di Acqua and a small tributary in the vicinity proved to be effective tank obstacles.
		Plans changed from a river crossing to a holding action; and about the middle of August, the Division was employed in defending the ARNO front.
		Division spanned the ADIGE River at VERONA with 2 ferries and also a permanent bridge built by constructing earth ramps to a partially destroyed railroad bridge and by the judicious use of a bulldozer and demolition clearing the roadway of the bridge of such extraneous matter as derailed cards, rails and ties.
	members.aol.com /Custermen/Engineer310.htm (4861 words)

	Moro River Canadian Cem
		The Moro River Canadian War Cemetery lies in the locality of San Donato in the Commune of Ortona, Province of Chieti, and is sited on high ground near the sea just east of the main Adriatic coast road (SS16).
		The 1st Canadian Division went on to cross the Moro river on 6 December against stiff opposition, and to take Ortona on the 28th, after a week of bitter street fighting.
		It contains the graves of those who died during that fighting at Moro river and Ortona, and during the weeks that preceded and followed it.
	battlefieldsww2.50megs.com /moro_river_canadian_cem.htm (346 words)

	Chronicle of the 85th Infantry Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Division was formally committed to action as a unit in the Minturno-Castelforte area on 10 April 1944, north of the Garigliano River, facing the Gustav Line, and held defensive positions for a month.
		The division was aligned west of Florence and assigned a long stretch of the river for observation and containment of enemy forces.
		The Panaro River was crossed on the 23rd and the Po River the next day.
	yourpage.blazenet.net /cjheiser/85chronicle.htm (906 words)

	Chronicle of the 85th Infantry Division (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Division was formally committed to action as a unit in the Minturno-Castelforte area on 10 April 1944, north of the Garigliano River, facing the Gustav Line, and held defensive positions in this area for a month.
		The Panaro River was crossed on the 23rd and the Po River was reached the next day.
		After establishing a bridgehead, the infantry regiments were mounted into task forces that drove on Verona and the city was taken on April 26 by a combined force from the 1st battalion, 339th Infantry and elements of the 1st Armored Division.
	yourpage.blazenet.net /cjheiser/85chronicle-2.htm (1449 words)

	GARIGLIANO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Search the GARIGLIANO Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the GARIGLIANO Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named GARIGLIANO at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/G/GARIGLIANO.htm (73 words)

	General Situation \| NZETC
		The Allies were now nearing the strongest belt of prepared defences yet encountered in Italy, a belt which took full advantage of swift-flowing river barriers, steep and muddy ridges, and the precipitous crags of the Apennines.
		It varied in depth up to 20 miles and spanned the waist of Italy from the north bank of the Sangro River valley to the mouth of the Garigliano River in the Gulf of Gaeta.
		The New Zealand Division, having taken up positions secretly near the confluence of the rivers, was to cross the river and press on with all speed, cutting the enemy's prepared ‘Winter Line’ positions, capturing Castelfrentano, Guardiagrele, and Orsogna, and finally Chieti.
	www.nzetc.org /etexts/WH2Medi/c13-12.html (414 words)

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