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Topic: Garlic Mustard

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	About garlic mustard
		Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara and Grande] is a member of the mustard family (Brassicaceae).
		Garlic mustard appears to alter habitat quality for several species of salamanders and molluscs through changes in forest litter layer depth and composition.
		The impacts of garlic mustard on vertebrates are largely unknown, however, ground foraging birds, amphibians and reptiles may be impacted by changes in habitat quality.
	www.ipm.msu.edu /garlicAbout.htm (961 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard is a cool-season biennial herb that ranges from 12 to 48 inches in height as an adult flowering plant.
		Garlic mustard is the only plant of this height in our woods with white flowers in May. Fruits are slender capsules 1 to 2.5 inches long that produce a single row of oblong fl seeds with ridged seed coats.
		Garlic mustard is a rapidly spreading woodland weed that is displacing native woodland wildflowers in Wisconsin.
	www.elmgrovewi.org /garlic_mustard.htm (1120 words)

	ISU Weed Science Online - Garlic mustard: invader from the East
		Garlic mustard spreads as a uniform advancing front from established infestations but will also move quickly over greater distances as a satellite population when introduced into new areas accidentally by man or animals.
		Garlic mustard was introduced from Europe, presumably as a plant with medicinal properties.
		Garlic mustard flowers are white and occur in the second year in clusters at the top of the stem.
	www.weeds.iastate.edu /mgmt/qtr00-1/garlicmust.htm (585 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		In Washington, garlic mustard is found in the shaded forest understory of several parks in the Seattle area of King County.
		Garlic mustard is found in western Canada, where it is established in Victoria, BC and Vancouver (Cavers et al.
		Garlic mustard is capable of cross-pollination and self-pollination, producing individual plants that are genetically similar and interfertile.
	www.nwcb.wa.gov /weed_info/Written_findings/Alliaria_petiolata.html (2173 words)

	Garlic mustard FAQs
		Garlic mustard is native to Europe and is found from England east to Czechoslovakia and from Sweden and Germany south to Italy.
		Garlic mustard may have been brought to North America for use as a cooking herb, although it is also possible that seeds were accidentally introduced from Europe.
		Garlic mustard is one of the few non-native herbs capable of invading and dominating forest understory communities.
	www.ipm.msu.edu /garlicFAQ.htm (1075 words)

	The Reston Association - Garlic Mustard Plant
		Garlic mustard is a biennial herb in the mustard family.
		Native to Europe and Asia, garlic mustard is now found in Canada, south to Virginia, and as far west as Kansas and Nebraska.
		In Virginia, garlic mustard is found throughout the state, with notable exceptions of southeastern and northeastern counties.
	www.reston.org /parks_rec/p_garlic_must.html (471 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard is a severe threat to many native plants and animals.
		Garlic mustard also is threatening a rare native insect, the Virginia white butterfly.
		The butterflies lay their eggs on the leaves of the garlic mustard, but a chemical in the leaves is toxic to the eggs.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/00240/garlic_mustard.htm (313 words)

	CU Herb Society Herb of the Month - Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard is an invasive biennial herbaceous weed.
		Garlic mustard is so aggressive that monospecies stands have become established in many natural areas and now pose a threat to the natural quality of Illinois forests and significantly reduce biodiversity of our native plant communities.
		Due to the biennial nature of garlic mustard and the varied dormancy of its seeds, several years of burning may be required and should be followed with hand pulling and mechanical cutting in order to provide effective control.
	www.prairienet.org /herbsociety/hotm/mustard.html (773 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		In Illinois, garlic mustard usually blooms in May. Numerous small white flowers, 0.25 inches (6-7 mm) across, are borne in a terminal raceme at the apex of the stem, and also at some leaf axils.
		Garlic mustard is easily distinguished from all other woodland mustard plants by its characteristic odor of garlic and the 2-4 foot (0.6-1.2 m) tall flower stalks covered with numerous small white flowers in May. In northern Illinois, garlic mustard is the only tall, white-flowered, four-petalled plant that blooms in May.
		Garlic mustard aggressively has invaded numerous forested natural areas and is capable of dominating the ground layer in many areas.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /chf/outreach/VMG/gmustard.html (1238 words)

	Garlic Mustard Alert
		Garlic mustard is an invasive, non-native plant that can take over a forest floor, crowding out native plants, including wildflowers.
		Garlic mustard seeds seem to be spread by animals, by flowing water and by human activities.
		While garlic mustard can be mistaken for other plants at certain times of the year, it can be distinguished by its white, slender taproot with a characteristic crook or "s" shape at the top of the root, just below the base of the stem.
	www.mdc.mo.gov /nathis/plantpage/gmustard (303 words)

	Invasive Plants of Ohio - Factsheet 3 - Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard generally prefers some shade and can be found in upland and flood plain forests, savannas, yards, along roadsides, and occasionally in full sun.
		Garlic mustard originated in Europe and was introduced to the United States for herbal and medicinal purposes.
		Cuttng populations of garlic mustard is effective for medium to large concentrations of plants.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /dnap/invasive/3garlicmustard.htm (577 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		Garlic Mustard is a very invasive plant that can grow well in shaded areas, dense shade, and even in locations getting full sun.
		Garlic Mustard is an early spring competitor that invades forest & wooded stream banks.
		Garlic Mustard reproduces by seed that is produced the second year.
	www.gardening-advisor.com /garlic-mustard.html (300 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard gets its name from its characteristic odor of garlic when the plant is crushed and its mustard-like appearance.
		Garlic mustard is distinguished from other woodland herb species by its characteristic garlic odor.
		Garlic mustard is associated with calcareous soils and is intolerant of acidic substrates.
	www.tneppc.org /Manual/Garlic_Mustard.htm (992 words)

	Garlic Mustard [Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara Grande
		Garlic mustard usually blooms in May. Numerous small white flowers, 0.25 inches (6-7 mm) across, are borne in a terminal raceme at the apex of the stem, and also at some leaf axils.
		Garlic mustard is easily distinguished from all other woodland mustard plants by its characteristic odor of garlic and the 2-4 foot (0.6-1.2 m) tall flower stalks covered with numerous small, four-petalled, white flowers in May. The alternate, coarsely toothed, broadly triangular stem leaves with a distinct petiole are also characteristic.
		Garlic mustard is native to Europe, and also occurs in northern Africa, Sri Lanka, and India.
	mdc.mo.gov /nathis/exotic/vegman/eleven.htm (1367 words)

	PCA Alien Plant Working Group - Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata)
		Garlic mustard poses a severe threat to native plants and animals in forest communities in much of the eastern and midwestern U.S. Many native widlflowers that complete their life cycles in the springtime (e.g., spring beauty, wild ginger, bloodroot, Dutchman's breeches, hepatica, toothworts, and trilliums) occur in the same habitat as garlic mustard.
		Invasions of garlic mustard are causing local extirpations of the toothworts, and chemicals in garlic mustard appear to be toxic to the eggs of the butterfly, as evidenced by their failure to hatch when laid on garlic mustard plants.
		Garlic mustard frequently occurs in moist, shaded soil of river floodplains, forests, roadsides, edges of woods and trails edges and forest openings.
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/fact/alpe1.htm (1353 words)

	Garlic Mustard WEED ALERT
		Garlic mustard, a biennial herb in the Mustard Family, is native to Europe and Asia.
		Garlic mustard is shade tolerant and predominantly found in rich, moist forests and wooded streambanks.
		Garlic mustard, an early spring competitor, invades forest communities where it monopolizes light, moisture and soil nutrients, resulting in aggressive domination of the ground layer.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /cropprot/garlicmustard.htm (326 words)

	Garlic mustard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata*) is an invasive plant commonly found in upland and floodplain forests and along roadsides.
		Because the garlic mustard grows taller than the toothwort, yet releases a similar chemical attractant, the butterflies often lay their eggs on garlic mustard instead.
		In 1868, the first population of garlic mustard in the United States was found on Long Island, N.Y. By 2000, garlic mustard had spread to more than 34 states and four provinces in Canada, with the heaviest infestations occurring in New England and the Midwest.
	www.michigannature.org /garlicmustard.shtml (382 words)

	EEK! - Alien Invaders - Profile: Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard grows in upland and floodplain forests, savannas, yards, and along roadsides.
		Garlic mustard is the only plant of this height with white flowers in our woods in May. The fruits are slender capsules 1-2 ½ inches long.
		Garlic mustard is a rapidly spreading woodland weed.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /org/caer/ce/eek/veg/plants/garlicmustard.htm (565 words)

	IPAW-Garlic Mustard Identification & Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a nonnative plant that is a major threat to Wisconsin's woodlands.
		The leaves of garlic mustard give off a distinctive odor of garlic, and the plant was probably introduced from Europe (where it is a native) by early settlers who were looking for a good source of salad greens.
		Garlic mustard plants will still be green and growing, and can be killed at this time without affecting native vegetation.
	www.ipaw.org /invaders/garlic_mustard/gm.htm (1063 words)

	Hiker's Notebook: Garlic Mustard
		Since garlic mustard reduces the number of other native plants, it also poses a threat to the insects that feed on those plants.
		Management of garlic mustard is a serious problem that requires a long term effort, as the seeds remain viable for up to five years.
		The many culinary names of garlic mustard are suggestive of its historic use as a potherb in its native countries.
	www.mwrop.org /W_Needham/GarlicMustard_050306.htm (752 words)

	Garlic Mustard
		Garlic mustard is rapidly becoming one of the most common forest herbs in the northeastern United States.
		Garlic mustard is a blight on these habitats, changing the vegetation composition, reducing species diversity and diminishing their value to our native wildlife.
		Garlic mustard is native to Asia and Europe.
	www.umext.maine.edu /onlinepubs/htmpubs/2526.htm (936 words)

	Garlic mustard - Invasive species: Minnesota DNR
		Garlic mustard spreads into high quality woodlands upland and floodplain forests, not just into disturbed areas.
		Garlic mustard alters habitat suitability for native insects and thereby birds and mammals.
		Garlic mustard is on the MDA Prohibited noxious weeds list in Minnesota.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /invasives/terrestrialplants/herbaceous/garlicmustard.html (253 words)

	Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board - Garlic Mustard
		Garlic Mustard, a European biennial, was brought to North America for use as a culinary herb.
		Garlic mustard is a member of the Mustard family, which is noted for its massive seed production and seed dispersal.
		Garlic Mustard often appears after a woody invasive removal because of the additional light reaching the ground layer.
	www.minneapolisparks.org /default.asp?PageID=111 (163 words)

	TNC Invasive Species Initiative page
		Garlic mustard invades forested communities and edge habitats where it rapidly spreads and displaces native herbaceous species.
		Once established, garlic mustard is very difficult to control.
		Garlic mustard is the common name used in North America.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /alert/alrtalli.html (1008 words)

	Garlic Mustard Identification - King County Noxious Weed Control Program
		Garlic mustard is an invasive non-native biennial herb that spreads by seed.
		Garlic mustard is considered allelopathic, producing chemicals that inhibit the growth of other plants and mychorrizal fungi.
		Garlic mustard is a biennial herb that grows to about 3 feet tall.
	dnr.metrokc.gov /wlr/LANDS/Weeds/GarMust.htm (512 words)

	Brooklyn Botanic Garden: Garlic Mustard—A Palatable Pest
		Native to Europe, this cool-season biennial is wreaking havoc on deciduous forests from New England west to Wisconsin and south to Tennessee.
		Garlic mustard is not difficult to find or identify.
		But the culinary potential for garlic mustard shouldn't be limited to its Old World uses.
	www.bbg.org /gar2/topics/kitchen/2002fa_garlicmustard.html (718 words)

	Garlic Mustard- Alliaria petiolata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		This plant is an exotic species introduced from Europe by the early settlers for its supposed medicinal properties and for use in cooking.
		Garlic Mustard is a rapidly spreading woodland weed that is displacing native woodland wildflowers in Ohio.
		Garlic Mustard is a major threat to the survival of Ohio's woodland herbaceous flora and the wildlife that depend on it.
	www.cincinnatinature.org /plant_pages/garlicmustard.htm (112 words)

	Garlic Mustard Pork Recipe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-09)
		This easy garlic mustard sauce is also great with chicken as well as pork.
		Mustards vary tremendously in strength, in particular English mustard is very hot.
		Remove the garlic mustard sauce from the heat, stir in the yoghurt and serve immediately with the pork, mashed potatoes and your favourite veg.
	www.garlic-central.com /recipes/garlic-mustard-pork.html (217 words)

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