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Topic: Garlock Fault

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	Garlock Fault - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Garlock Fault Line is a fault line running approximately northwest-southeast marking the northern boundary of the area known as the Mojave Block, as well as the southern ends of the Sierra Nevada and the valleys of the westernmost Basin and Range province.
		The Garlock is not considered to be a particularly active fault, although it has been known to generate seismic events when triggered by other earthquakes and in one instance by the removal of ground water.
		The Garlock constitutes one of the borders of the Mojave Desert, and is a significant geologic landmark in California, comprising mountain ranges along its western coast.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Garlock_Fault (238 words)

	Encyclopedia: San Andreas Fault
		The San Andreas Fault is a geological fault, known as a right-lateral strike-slip fault, that spans a length of roughly 800 miles (1287 kilometers) through California.
		This is due to a cutout of the fault in Palmdale, the second largest city directly sitting on the fault, where the Antelope Valley Freeway passes through it and the deep layers of "shifted" crust can clearly be seen.
		The northern segment of the fault runs from Hollister, through the San Francisco Peninsula where it briefly goes offshore, then follows the coast of California fairly closely to Cape Mendocino, where there is an unstable triple junction where three tectonic plates come together to form a geologically complex and highly unstable zone.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/San-Andreas-Fault (2275 words)

	GARLOCK FAULT ZONE
		OTHER NOTES: : The Garlock fault zone is one of the most obvious geologic features in southern California, clearly marking the northern boundary of the area known as the Mojave Block, as well as the southern ends of the Sierra Nevada and the valleys of the westernmost Basin and Range province.
		The northern branch of the fault zone in this area is known as the Mule Spring fault.
		Both the Mule Spring fault and the Leach Lake fault show evidence of surface rupture within the Holocene, so they probably accomodate a sizable fraction of the total slip of the western Garlock fault zone.
	www.data.scec.org /fault_index/garlock.html (283 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		3.2.1 Garlock Fault The Garlock fault is predominantly a left-lateral strike-slip that defines the northern boundary of the Mojave Desert, and southern boundary of the Sierra Nevada and California Basin and Range provinces (Hill and Dibblee, 1953).
		Right-lateral displacement at depth on the southernmost 30 km of the Imperial fault during the 1940 earthquake ranged from 4 to 8 meters, and 1.8 to 2.2 meters for the northern 30 km.
		The Toroweap fault is the easternmost of the Boundary Faults (Figure 2) that form the transition between the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range.
	www4.nau.edu /geology/aeic/staterep.txt (13037 words)

	The San Andreas Fault System, California - Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The San Andreas fault system, a complex of faults that display predominantly large-scale strike slip, is part of an even more complex system of faults, isolated segments of the East Pacific Rise, and scraps of plates lying east of the East Pacific Rise that collectively separate the North American plate from the Pacific plate.
		The boundaries of this fault system are poorly defined, but to separate the San Andreas fault system from other tectonic provinces and systems, it is useful to limit the term to the set of faults along the Pacific rim of North America, both on land and off shore.
		Normal faults are less common but are present in some places, for example, in zones of extension at the crest of folds associated with the major faults, in the bordering ranges, and at jogs in the fault where local extension is to be found.
	education.usgs.gov /california/pp1515/chapter1.html (2469 words)

	Genral Features: Complexities of the Fault System
		Most conspicuous of the faults displaying left-lateral slip is the Garlock fault which intersects the San Andreas fault at about lat 35° N. and extends northeastward and eastward from there for 240 km (Figure 1.3; see maps at front of book).
		Intermediate-scale thrust faults that border the Transverse Ranges on the south side are characterized by such faults as the San Fernando fault zone (Grantz, 1971) and the Cucamonga fault zone (Figure 1.5).
		A range of fault types, and the complexities that typify much of the fault zone, are well illustrated near Cajon Pass and southeast of there (Figure 1.5), where the San Andreas fault zone splits into a northern and a southern branch.
	www.johnmartin.com /earthquakes/eqsafs/safs_161.htm (463 words)

	Gravity and Magnetic data: Geometry, ATTITUDE
		Information on the dip of the fault most commonly is obtained through quantitative modeling of these anomalies, but in some cases, the anomalies are so diagnostic that qualitative interpretations suffice to indicate the direction and approximate attitude of the fault plane.
		Although major strike-slip faults probably are vertical over much of their reach, some have inferred dips of less than 90°, as indicated by many of the attitudes shown in figure 9.4.
		The sinistral bends in the San Andreas fault near its junction with the Calaveras fault and in the Big Bend region southeast of its junction with the Garlock fault create regions likely to be subject to compression due to relative southward movement of the North American plate with respect to the Pacific plate.
	www.johnmartin.com /earthquakes/eqsafs/safs_921.htm (700 words)

	Southern California Areal Mapping Project home
		A fault forms where rock of the earth's crust literally is broken as the result of accumulated stresses operating on the crust.
		Faults extend from the ground surface downward into the earth's crust; this downward dimension is called a fault's "subsurface" extent.
		The fault plane in the preceding photograph could be traced to the top of the roadcut, and if conditions permitted, its trace on the ground surface could be identified and mapped away from the roadcut.
	scamp.wr.usgs.gov /scamp/html/scg_flt.html (1228 words)

	Environmental Baseline File: Geology/Hydrology
		Faults that contribute to the seismic hazard to Yucca Mountain are discussed in section 1.3.2.
		Uncertainty concerning the geometry of faults and fault zones increases with distance away from control points, such as exposures in the ESF and intersections with boreholes, and is also due to uncertainties in interpreting geophysical data.
		The northwest-trending faults are thought to be strike-slip faults; fault plane surfaces locally display slickensides that are nearly horizontal, and vertical displacements generally are less than 5 to 10 m (Scott et al.
	www.ocrwm.doe.gov /documents/geology/b57_027.htm (16740 words)

	California Geological Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The trends of San Andreas fault segments are responsible for the presence or absence of topographic uplift on the Coachella Valley floor.
		Northeast of the Basin Block lies the Central Block that consists of folded and faulted Tertiary sediments of largely terrestrial origin overlying fractured metamorphic basement; the Central Block is separated from the so-called Platform Block, with simpler structures and prominent metamorphic basement by the Platform fault (trending parallel to the San Andreas fault).
		Movement along the bounding faults that was responsible for the uplift was coevel with largely-basaltic volcanism, expressed as a series of cinder cones and associated lava flows; some of the volcanic features utilized faults as conduits for access to the surface, but other volcanic structures surfaced independently of the faults.
	seis.natsci.csulb.edu /deptweb/SkinnyCalSites/califoverview.html (9061 words)

	Penrose Conference Scheduled
		The shear zone consists of roughly NNW to NW trending fault zones that interact with the Garlock fault, a fundamental cross-strike structure.
		Because of the changes in slip on faults and the fact that the trace of the Garlock fault is continuous, strain associated with faults systems of the eastern California shear zone must change markedly near the Garlock fault.
		In the eastern part of the Garlock, there is clear evidence for contractional deformation along numerous folds and thrust faults oriented at a small northeast oblique angle to the main fault zone.
	www.geology.cwu.edu /facstaff/lee/Penrose/Schedule/walkerabstract.htm (656 words)

	What is an Earthquake? -- Activity #12
		Two "reference" faults are off-limits for choosing: the San Andreas fault (right-lateral; always shown in red), and the Garlock fault (left-lateral; always shown as a bright yellowish-green).
		The action of the Garlock fault is probably responsible for the low number of faults north of this stretch of the San Andreas fault.
		This is a tectonic region bounded to the south by the left-lateral Garlock fault, and to the west by the Sierra Nevada fault zone, a large zone of normal faulting shown in dark blue (the Independence fault, in a brighter blue, is a part of this fault zone).
	www.data.scec.org /Module/s1act12.html (1332 words)

	bakersfield.com - Fighting the Fever
		The San Andreas fault is more than 745 miles long and bends to the west where it meets the Garlock fault, in the southern end of Kern County.
		Of the active faults around Kern County, five are considered "significant seismic sources," according to Bill Bryant, a senior geologist with the California Geological Survey.
		This south-dipping fault is associated with a complex series of folds and slopes west of Wheeler Ridge, according to SCEDC.
	ww2.bakersfield.com /2002/quakes/stories/faults.asp (945 words)

	SOME AVIAN FLYWAYS OF WESTERN AMERICA
		From San Gorgonio Pass the fault leads northwest through Cajon Pass and Swarthout Canyon to Antelope Valley, which is occupied by desert veg- etation of Joshua tree, creosote bush, various cacti and sagebrush.
		The Garlock Fault.--This transverse fault extends for many miles across the southern end of the Sierran block to cut through the mountains east of Bakersfield via Tehachapi Pass and connect the Mojave Desert with the great Central Valley.
		THE ROLE OF FAULT LINES One striking character in the physiography of California is the multitude of its fault lines.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Wilson/v069n02/p0164-p0169.html (4350 words)

	Rock Climbing.com View topic - Gee-ology - How did those rocks form?
		The Garlock is a left-lateral (sinistral) transform, by definition, but is different from the transforms found in oceanic crust that accommodate opposite directions of movement of oceanic crust between offset segments of a spreading ridge.
		The Panimant Valley fault zone and the Death Valley fault zone are both right-lateral faults and both intersect the eastern portion of the Garlock fault at sub-perpendicular angles.
		Instead, the Garlock terminates to the east of the DVFZ in a thrust fault in the Soda and Avawatz Mountains.
	www.rockclimbing.com /post/561442 (1649 words)

	USGS: Slip-Rate Studies of the Garlock and Owl Lake Faults
		Trench 2 crossed the Garlock fault zone, and trenches 1 and 3 crossed the northeastern wall of the channel on either side of the fault zone.
		The larger the amount of vertical slip, the less left-lateral slip is required to match the terrace riser south of the fault with the deeply incised channel wall north of the fault.
		Not only would earthquakes on the Garlock fault affect the rapidly growing desert communities of Lancaster, Bakersfield, California City and Ridgecrest, but earthquakes on the Garlock fault could also change the state of stress on the San Andreas fault, potentially influencing the timing of events on that major fault.
	erp-web.er.usgs.gov /reports/annsum/vol40/sc/g2210.htm (1251 words)

	Peer-Reviewed Papers
		The shape of the reflector corresponds to the dip of the east branch of the Garlock fault shallowing at depth.
		This indicates that the dip of the Garlock fault shallows at 3.4 to 4 km depth.
		Successful application of the nonlinear optimization scheme to image the Garlock fault and Cantil basin suggests that the method is very useful in regions where there are strong lateral velocity variations and where neither the fault shape nor depth are known.
	www.optimsoftware.com /white_papers/reflection (6486 words)

	Garlock Road - A
		Garlock flourished in the late 1800s when gold was discovered in Goler Gulch.
		A group from the 1998 Desert Research Symposium (San Bernardino County Museum) views the trace of the Garlock Fault.
		This depression on the south side of the Garlock Fault was formed when Goler Wash was offset left-laterally (Calzia and Reynolds, 1998).
	www.schweich.com /cagarlockrdA.html (208 words)

	Earthquake Studies: Fault Moving Faster Than Believed \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		The rapid strain accumulation observed along the fault system indicates that the fault is building up stress in the shallow crust at a rate three times faster than the rate inferred from geological observations.
		This may be the manifestation of stress transfer between the Garlock fault and other faults in the Mojave area, in particular those that produced the magnitude 7.3 Landers earthquake in 1992 and the magnitude 7.8 Owens Valley earthquake in 1872.
		We were looking for deformation on the Garlock fault, but we saw in the image a concentration of shear along the Blackwater Little Lake fault, which cuts the Garlock fault at a right angle," said Dr. Gilles Peltzer, a UCLA professor and JPL research scientist who is the lead author of the study.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=6464 (536 words)

	The Garlock Fault (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The intersection of the San Andreas and Garlock Faults in southern California reflects two different tectonic forces: northwest-southeast sliding along the Pacific and North American plate boundaries and roughly east-west crustal extension within the North American Plate.
		The relative westward movement of crust north of the Garlock Fault bends the San Andreas system into a lazy "S" pattern.
		This deflection results in a jamming of rocks to the south, expressed by the San Gabriel Mountains and other east-west-trending Transverse Ranges north of Los Angeles.
	tapestry.usgs.gov /features/26garlock.html (93 words)

	Louie and Pullammanappallil, 1996, Reflection Coherency Optimization
		Only the Garlock fault east branch is apparent (east GF in Figure 4), and its quality is poor compared to the results of Louie and Qin (1991).
		The data image recovers the reflectivity and dip of the east branch of the Garlock fault (east GF) established by Louie and Qin (1991).
		Examining shot records from line 3, which parallels the Garlock about 50 km south of the fault zone, Serpa and Dokka (1992) showed that one of the most prominent reflections was actually a side-swipe reflection from a south-dipping branch of the Garlock fault.
	www.seismo.unr.edu /ftp/pub/louie/papers/grlcoh/grlcoh.html (3327 words)

	SLIP RATE OF THE WESTERN GARLOCK FAULT NEAR LONE TREE CANYON, MOJAVE DESERT, CALIFORNIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This estimate is based on projecting the channel wall to the fault; a three-dimensional excavation was not done.
		At least one faulting event occurred during the filling of this channel (at 2550 ± 200 cal years BP, if the detrital charcoal samples had no inherited age at the time of deposition).
		The fact that the average slip per earthquake must equal the slip rate multiplied by the average recurrence interval further constrains the average recurrence interval to be less than 1500 years, the average slip per earthquake to be at least 3.5 m, and the slip rate to be less than 8 mm/yr.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2003CD/finalprogram/abstract_51991.htm (577 words)

	Initiation of deformation of the Eastern California Shear Zone: Constraints from Garlock fault geometry and GPS ...
		We suggest a 2-stage deformation model for the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ) to explain the geometry of the Garlock fault trace.
		We assume the Garlock fault was originally straight and then was gradually curved by right-lateral shear deformation across the ECSZ.
		Citation: Gan, W. Zhang, Z. Shen, W. Prescott, and J. Svarc (2003), Initiation of deformation of the Eastern California Shear Zone: Constraints from Garlock fault geometry and GPS observations, Geophys.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2003GL017090.shtml (281 words)

	Transient Strain
		The observed shear zone is continuous through the Garlock fault, which does not show any evidence of localized left-lateral slip during the same time period.
		This transient slip rate observed in the 1992-2000 ERS radar data and the absence of resolvable slip on the Garlock fault during the same time period may be the manifestation of an oscillatory strain pattern between interacting, conjugate fault systems.
		Alternatively the fast, localized shear observed along the Blackwater-Little Lake fault system may have been triggered by the recent large earthquakes at both ends (Owens Valley, 1872 and Landers, 1992) but the mechanism by which these earthquakes may have triggered the observed shallow creep is not understood.
	www-radar.jpl.nasa.gov /sect323/InSar4crust/BWLL (856 words)

	California Geography at SMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Two in particular, The Garlock and San Andreas faults are able to produce massive shaking with extensive damage.
		The San Andreas fault is more than 475 miles long and bends to the west where it meets the Garlock fault, in the southern end of the county.
		Of the active faults around Kern County, five are considered the "most active"--the "White Wolf", "Wheeler Ridge", "Pleito Thrust", "Garlock" and "San Andreas" are the major ones, capable of a 6.0 quake.
	homepage.smc.edu /morris_pete/california/atlas2/cgatlaskern2.html (580 words)

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