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	Sweatshop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sweatshops arose at a time when workers did not have the protections afforded by trade unions or labor laws, and sweatshops are synonymous with working conditions that violate human rights sensibilities and sometimes public policies.
		In the sweatshop of 1850, the role of the sweater as middleman (and they were almost exclusively men) and subcontractor (or sub-subcontractor) was considered key, because he served to keep workers isolated in small workshops.
		Sweatshops are also sometimes implicated in human trafficking when workers have been tricked into starting work without informed consent, or when workers are kept at work through debt bondage or mental duress, all of which are more likely in cases where the workforce is drawn from children or the uneducated rural poor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sweatshop (3034 words)

	combating sweatshops RESIST
		A sweatshop is broadly defined as a workplace where workers are subject to extreme exploitation, including the absence of a living wage or benefits, poor working conditions and arbitrary discipline.
		Sweatshop Watch is a coalition of labor, community, civil rights, immigrant rights and women's organizations committed to eliminating the exploitation that occurs in sweatshops.
		Sweatshop Watch is building a base of individual members who can use their influence as consumers to pressure companies to respect workers rights.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /New_Global_Economy/CombatingSweatshops.html (1450 words)

	Eye Weekly - Say it ain't sew - 07.08.99
		The number of sweatshops is impossible to quantify because so many companies are small or underground, with only a handful of government inspectors to monitor them.
		The new sweatshops are a byproduct of globalization and free trade.
		The most exploited garment workers are those who work out of their residences and are paid on a piece-work basis.
	www.eye.net /eye/issue/issue_07.08.99/news/sweatshops.html (2041 words)

	...SweatShop Watch ...Recent accomplishments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The wages were paid from a special state fund for garment workers, which is financed by licensing fees of California garment contractors and manufacturers.
		Now we must push for prosecution of the [sweatshop] owners," said one of the workers, who bravely filed a lawsuit against her former bosses to collect additional monies due to the workers.
		Sweatshop Watch also coordinated public comments to the proposed garment regulations for implementing AB 633.
	www.sweatshopwatch.org /index.php?s=54 (1188 words)

	...SweatShop Watch ...Volunteer! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Sweatshop Watch serves low-wage workers nationally and globally, with a focus on eliminating sweatshop exploitation in California's garment industry.
		Sweatshop Watch's corporate accountability work aims to hold retailers and garment manufacturers accountable for the conditions under which their clothing is made.
		Sweatshop Watch connects consumers, students, allies, and the general public to the struggles of garment workers.
	www.sweatshopwatch.org /index.php?s=40 (489 words)

	...SweatShop Watch ...History
		Sweatshop Watch issued a critique of the White House Apparel Industry Partnership (now the Fair Labor Association) and partnered with Working Assets to generate 32,000 letters and calls to the Partnership's Co-Chair Liz Claiborne, demanding that the Partnership include a living wage in its Code of Conduct.
		Sweatshop Watch co-convened a coalition of students, faculty, staff and community members to strengthen the University of California's Code of Conduct for Trademark Licensees, and began supporting the growing student movement against sweatshops.
		Sweatshop Watch mobilized student, alumni and public support for the workers and demanded that the universities whose goods they sewed live up to their codes of conduct.
	www.sweatshopwatch.org /index.php?s=53 (1090 words)

	Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A History of American Sweatshops, 1820-Present
		Peter Liebold and Harry Rubenstein, curators of an exhibition on sweatshops at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, place the current debate on sweatshops in the garment industry in a historical context and explore the complex factors that contribute to their existence today.
		The term “sweatshop” was first used in the late 19th century to describe aspects of the tailoring trade, but sweatshop conditions exist in other industries as well.
		For garment workers, it is clear that working conditions were oppressive in the 1910s, had improved by the 1950s, but worsened in the 1980s.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/145 (1310 words)

	Combating Sweatshops in California - Business Law Journal - UC Davis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Garment unions obtained a lot of power and made great inroads towards relieving sweatshop conditions.
		There was a recent study that found that 67% of Los Angeles garment factories violate minimum wage and overtime laws and that 75% violate health and safety laws.
		The fact that they are intimidated by employer threats of deportation, the fact that they don’t know their rights, and lack of employment options all contribute to their tolerance of these conditions.
	blj.ucdavis.edu /article/528 (3253 words)

	Organic_Clothing: Garment Industry's Social Pollution
		With the swelling of the population and the destruction of the garment industry in the South after the Civil War, there was a large demand for cheap garments to clothe the urban masses and the westward expansion.
		Garment sewing businesses began to spring up in the East Coast cities fueled by the escalating demand for cheap clothing and the swelling supply of recent immigrants desperate for jobs and willing to work long hours under cruel conditions.
		Although sweatshops had never been eradicated in the U.S., the myth that they were a social ill from the past was exploded on August 2, 1995, when police raided a seven-apartment complex fenced with chain link and razor wire in El Monte, California.
	organicclothing.blogs.com /my_weblog/2006/02/garment_industr.html (1560 words)

	Organic_Clothing: February 2006
		Joe Turner and the Freedom Clothing Project, a not-for-profit garment manufacturing co-operative, is attempting to bring much-needed work to some of the estimated 500 clothing manufacturers in Gaza and the occupied West Bank and to assist them in finding new markets for their products.
		The seven operators of the clandestine garment sweatshop were arrested and later convicted on charges of conspiracy, indentured servitude and harboring illegal immigrants.
		With the rush to globalization, the rise of labor costs in the U.S., and the subsequent collapse of the garment manufacturing industry in the U.S., we have simply outsourced sweatshops to developing countries were wages are low and the supply of poor, uneducated laborers – many of whom are children – is plentiful.
	organicclothing.blogs.com /my_weblog/2006/02/index.html (4052 words)

	May 2000, Victory for Los Angeles sweatshop workers!
		Concerned with reports of ongoing human rights abuses in garment factories, students across the country have been campaigning to ensure that the t-shirts, hats, and sweatshirts that bear their schools' names and logos are not manufactured under sweatshop conditions.
		Sweatshop Watch mobilized student, alumni and public support for the J.H. Design Group workers and demanded that the universities live up to their codes of conduct and ensure the workers are compensated for the abuses they endured.
		Members of the Board of Regents were shocked to hear that UM apparel was stitched in a Los Angeles sweatshop, nevertheless it took an occupation of the Dean's office to persuade the University to commit to enforce its code.
	www.cleanclothes.org /urgent/00-05-04.htm (1015 words)

	Sweatshop Journal
		Garment workers form the International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union to protest low pay, fifteen-hour workdays, no benefits, and unsafe working conditions.
		The summit results in part in a "Statement of Principles," which is presented by the National Retail Federation as part of their efforts to curb sweatshop labor.
		When police raid four garment sweatshops in New York City, one is found assembling a discount clothing line endorsed by model actress Kathy Ireland.
	www.msnbc.com /onair/nbc/dateline/time.asp (1323 words)

	Inside a Sweatshop
		I spent the summer of 1997 researching sweatshops and women workers' rights for the Feminist Majority in Washington, D.C. In July of that year I got the chance to go inside a New York City garment district sweatshop.
		I thought the sweatshops of my great-grandmother's day -- New York tenements where women toiled away in filthy, cramped rooms sewing dresses with children at their feet -- were long gone; done away with by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the rise of trade unions in the 1950s and '60s.
		But one bright Saturday morning in late July, two sweatshop workers, volunteer organizers from the UNITE (the Union of Needletrades, Industrial and Textile Employees, America's largest garment workers' union) workers' center took a group of other students and me into a tall building on West 38th Ave.
	www.feminist.org /other/sweatshops/sweatnyc.html (1246 words)

	Garment Worker Center News
		From an office in the garment district, she and two other anti-sweatshop organizers are taking on L.A.'s multibillion-dollar garment industry.
		Some garment workers are drawn by the center's fliers, which are regularly distributed throughout the district.
		A hand-drawn representation of a pyramid representing the industry hangs in the office; garment workers are on the bottom of the chart.
	www.garmentworkercenter.org /news.php?itemid=58&catid=23 (1179 words)

	Sweatshop memories linger - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		Sweatshop survivor Sangwan Jane spoke about her experiences on Aug. 2, marking the 10th anniversary of a raid on an illegal L.A.-area garment shop.
		LOS ANGELES — Ten years after she was freed from a suburban sweatshop prison, Nantha Jaknang still has nightmares about being locked behind its razor-wire fence, sewing for 16 hours a day without seeing the sun or moon.
		The case brought dramatic changes but hasn't eliminated wage and safety abuses in the garment industry, where the vast majority of workers are undocumented immigrants.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2005/Aug/08/bz/508080322.html (1733 words)

	Tracing the Rise of the Lower East Side Sweatshop
		Sweatshop critics were troubled by the influx of women workers in the garment industry, which challenged the American ideal of the male breadwinner and "promoted promiscuity." Government officials were especially concerned that Jews carried disease (cholera, typhus and tuberculosis), which they feared could spread via garments to middle-class consumers.
		Rose Cohen, a garment worker, remembers the first words she learned in English: "Keep your hands off, please." To harass striking women, bosses hired prostitutes to instigate the crowd — and, as if to draw parallels between their professions, arrested strikers were invariably forced to share cells with sex workers.
		Bender aptly points out in his epilogue that sweatshop labor persists to this day in the United States, exacerbated by a rise in a willing pool of immigrant laborers (primarily Mexicans and Asians); the passing of the North American Free Trade Agreement; and the declining strength of American garment-trade unions.
	www.csudh.edu /dearhabermas/swtshp02bk.htm (996 words)

	Intercommunity Peace & Justice Center
		The Clean Clothes Campaign was launched in Holland in October 1990 and focuses attention on reforming the labor abuses in the garment industry.
		A summary of their comprehensive book on sweatshops, the garment industry, codes of conduct and the issues surrounding it are on the web.
		This is a muckraker organization that uncovers horrific sweatshop conditions in Asia and Latin America, including the abuses at the Kathee Lee Gifford factories in Honduras.
	www.ipjc.org /publications/sweatshops_sites.htm (925 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Issues: Business: Human Rights: Sweatshops
		Garment Worker Center - Organization dedicated to organizing and empowering garment workers in Los Angeles.
		Salon News on sweatshops - Tom DeLay, is characterized as a defender of sweatshops.
		Sweatshop Watch - A coalition to eliminate sweatshops in the garment industry.
	www.dmoz.org /Society/Issues/Business/Human_Rights/Sweatshops (819 words)

	Links - Clothes for a Change - Organic Consumers Association
		United Students Against Sweatshops - United Students Against Sweatshops is an international student movement of campuses and individual students fighting for sweatshop free labor conditions and workers' rights.
		Sweatshop Watch is a coalition of labor, community, civil rights, immigrant rights, women's, religious & student organizations, and individuals committed to eliminating sweatshop conditions in the global garment industry.
		Sweatshop Watch serves low wage workers, with a focus on garment workers in California, as well as nationally and globally.
	www.organicconsumers.org /clothes/links.cfm (566 words)

	Voices of Asian Pacific American Labor in Los Angeles
		One of the more famous cases concerning garment workers was the Thai Garment workers case in El Monte in 1995, where 71 Thai workers were indentured and forced to work under armed guard.
		She helped co-found Sweatshop Watch which is committed to eliminating sweatshop conditions in the global garment industry.
		Sweatshop Watch has expanded its impact to look at more global issues to look at workers in Mexico and Guatemala and in groups in Europe and trying to build connections.
	www.labor.ucla.edu /apalabor/su.html (415 words)

	settlementTalks.html
		The settlements include both prospective relief--prohibiting Saipan-based contractors from violating the law in the future, and including strict and effective monitoring provisions to ensure compliance--and retroactive relief--payments to garment worker class members whose rights were violated in the past.
		The Settlement Agreement bans recruitment fees, just as it bans the notorious "Shadow Contracts"--agreements signed in the worker's home country, especially China, which require the workers to give up their right to date, to go to church, to become pregnant, or to exercise other rights that are clearly protected in the United States.
		However, a considerable amount will also be devoted to payments to the workers themselves, administrative costs, attorneys' fees, and a small percentage in a cy pres fund to be used to further the overall goals of the litigation.
	globalexchange.org /campaigns/sweatshops/saipan/settlementTalks.html (749 words)

	The Militant - 10/2/95 -- Thai Workers File `Slavery' Suit Against La Sweatshop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A large number of these, she added, are garment workers, so the center is quite familiar with the harsh sweatshop conditions.
		Gale Shangold of the Socialist Workers Party who is a union garment worker, saluted the fighting spirit of the El Monte workers in resisting their situation and the heroic act of the worker who escaped through an air- conditioning duct and over barbed wire to blow the whistle.
		While the conditions suffered by the El Monte workers were extreme, she said, "there are elements of it in out every-day life." She pointed to the employers' push to drive down wages, speed up production, and lengthen the working day.
	www.themilitant.com /1995/5936/5936_10.html (434 words)

	Workers worldwide combat sweatshops
		The factory doors were kept locked to tie workers ceaselessly to their sewing machines—a common garment industry practice.
		Sweatshop workers had begun in August of 1909 to stage walkouts and strikes to protest their exploitation and the lack of safety measures.
		In the historic “Uprising of the 20,000,” garment workers had gone on strike from November 1909 to February 1910.
	www.workers.org /2006/us/triangle-fire-0406 (1046 words)

	LA Weekly - Fashion Victims
		The exhibit itself was surprisingly straightforward, tracing garment manufacture from the home seamstresses of the early 19th century, to the labor struggles of the teens and '20s, to present-day garment factories where Asian and Latino immigrants labor under conditions not dissimilar to those experienced by their forebears.
		The 1995 El Monte sweatshop raid, in which 72 Thai workers, quite literally slaves, were liberated from captivity after an escaped worker alerted authorities, was presented as an aberration.
		In the end, Choo, who became acquainted with the garment industry as a child doing piecework alongside her immigrant mother, believes that her "two years in hell" were worth it.
	www.laweekly.com /news/news/fashion-victims/5755 (3101 words)

	CorpWatch : Boycott Forever 21!
		The parties share a belief that garment workers should labor in lawful conditions and should be treated fairly and with dignity.
		Los Angeles garment workers who sewed for this popular retailer of young women's clothing are owed hundreds of thousands of dollars in unpaid wages (see related article).
		New York garment workers are campaigning to hold Donna Karan accountable for sweatshop conditions.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=792 (978 words)

	Human Rights Reporting Student Work
		In the 1960s the garment industry was booming in Taiwan, and seamstresses were in as great a demand as engineers in Silicon Valley during the dot-com boom.
		UNITE!, formed in 1995 with the merger between the International Ladies Garment Workers’ Union and the Amalgamated Clothing and Textile Workers Union, is considered the major force for garment factory workers; it currently has 200,000 members in the United States and Canada.
		Eng, a former garment worker who volunteers at the 30,000-member association, said that this generation of factory workers has it worse than she did.
	www.jrn.columbia.edu /studentwork/humanrights/wu.asp (7528 words)

	C:\MYHOME~1\MYHOME~1\sweatshop.htm
		The small company, launched to disprove the maxim that to turn a profit in the garment industry you had to have nonunion workers toiling for low wages in a bare-bones factory, had the glamorous begimiings of a bubble-era dot-com.
		The sparkling factory building in the heart of the Los Angeles garment district looked as if it might have been airlifted in from Century City.
		The shop would be opened in the center of the garment district - where 61% of apparel contractors violated wage and hour laws, according to a 2001 study by the U.S. Department of Labor.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /~rbutler/sweatshop2.htm (1181 words)

	sweatshop - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "sweatshop" at HighBeam.
		"Too much of distasteful masculinity": historicizing sexual harassment in the garment sweatshop and factory.
		Sweatshop bill would make vendors, retailers liable for contractor violations.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-sweatshop.asp (133 words)

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