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	Garum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Garum is a type of fish sauce condiment popular in Ancient Roman society.
		Garum was a sauce which, mixed with wine, vinegar, pepper, oil, or water, was served as a condiment or accompaniment with a wide variety of dishes.
		The garum of Lusitania (present-day Portugal) was equally highly prized in Rome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Garum (293 words)

	Saboroso.com - Gourmet tours of Barcelona, Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Even for the entrails-loving Romans, the smell of garum during the process of fermentation was said to be so foul that the common folk were actually outlawed from making it in their own homes.
		Made using the fresh spilled blood of the still-beating heart of a live mackerel, Pliny Garum was afterwards mixed with the creature's entrails, salted and left to rot in the sun, until, weeks later when the solids were putrefied nicely, a bad tempered, but much revered goo emerged.
		With time, however, Garum inevitably got bastardised and became a more generic term for a host of different seasoning combinations that included dill, anise, hyssop, thyme, cumin, poppy seeds, garlic as well as fermented fish sauce, all used by the Romans to enhance and sometimes disguise bad ingredients.
	www.saboroso.com /garum.htm (1056 words)

	Children of Rhatlan by Jonathan Fesmire (Book) in Science Fiction & Fantasy
		Garum and Vayin are the children of Rhatlan, conceived by their mother after she prayed to Rhatlan, the God of duals, in desperation for a child.
		Garum and Vayin’s parents keep their dual personality secret from the world to protect them from the world at large, but the brother and sister are becoming bored with their quiet life in the village and want to seek the excitement of the city.
		Vayin and Garum are the closest of twins.
	www.lulu.com /content/133748 (1742 words)

	Garum of Liquamen.
		Garum is one of the basic ingredients in the cuisine of Roman antiquity.
		The garum in the bottle you see in the picture on the left is made like this.
		Real garum is not made with boiled fish but with fish that has fermented in the heat of the Mediterranean sun.
	www.coquinaria.nl /english/recipes/garum.htm (1058 words)

	Garum Studied for Stress and Anxiety Relief
		Garum, known also as Stabilium, is widely used in Europe and Japan for treatment of stress, anxiety and depression.
		Garum consists of a standardized dosage of polypeptides, which acts as precursors to neurotransmitters that exert a regulatory effect on the nervous system.
		The university researchers noted that Garum produced a clear decrease in anxiety beginning in the first week and the levels further fell to a âstatistically significantâ degree by the second week of the study.
	www.immunesupport.com /library/showarticle.cfm/ID/3117 (553 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum is made from fish intestines and other parts of the fish that are otherwise thrown out.
		The fish parts are softened in salt in such a way that garum is the result of their decomposition...
		Famous for their manufacture of garum are the cities of Klazomenai, Pompeii, and Leptis." (Pliny XXXI 43) Garum or liquamen was an indispensable ingredient in Roman cooking: it occurs in practically every recipe in Apicius' cookbook.
	folk.uio.no /staalej/roma/garum.txt (705 words)

	Smart Basics - Stabilium Article: Smart Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum was also given to legionnaires before long, exhausting marches, and in preparation for battle.
		Garum was so popular that production sites spread across ancient Europe and North Africa by the hundreds, including one site in western Spain capable of producing 2 million pounds of Garum a year.
		Garum is produced in France using techniques that remain faithful to the original Celtic formula recorded from ancient times, and is now available in the USA exclusively under the trade name Stabilium.
	www.ehot.com /smartbasics/1_stabillium.html (583 words)

	Meat, Fish, and Garum
		Garum was also a product on the market (Bagnall 29) and used in both sweet and sour recipes, commonly in the place of salt (McLeish 50).
		Garum was made by mixing whole fish with salt and leaving it to decompose, or ferment.
		Garum smelled when it was made; a few cities actually outlawed the making of garum because it smelled so bad.
	members.tripod.com /pianogirl_lrigonaip/mfg.html (759 words)

	Umami - The 5th Taste - Definition - About Umami - Understanding Umami - THE NIBBLE Gourmet Food Magazine
		Garum was a fish sauce similar to the fish sauces used in Asian cuisines, which are equally ancient (if the Roman Empire had not toppled, we’d most likely be using garum in Western cuisine today).
		The garum sauce was then mixed with wine, vinegar, pepper, oil, or water and served as a condiment with a wide variety of dishes.
		As popular as garum was, garum factories were unpopular: the smell given off during the fermentation of the fish sauce production was so powerful that the making of garum gradually became outlawed in densely populated areas.
	www.thenibble.com /reviews/main/salts/umami-the-new-taste.asp?r=rss (3545 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum or liquamen has many recipes according to who you read, it is alternately made from whole fish, fish livers or fish guts and blood depending on whoÕs description you read.
		Garum or liquamen has many recipes according to who you read, > >it is alternately made from whole fish, fish livers or fish guts and blood > >depending on whoís description you read.
		Real garum seems to taste pretty close to anchovy paste, but the color and texture aren't even close, and the aroma of either is actually rather mild compared to what you might expect.
	www.florilegium.org /files/FOOD/garum-msg.html (5152 words)

	Le Magazine, February 1996 - Update: A Natural Therapy For Stress, Fatigue And Anxiety (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum was originally used for medicinal purposes early in the history of the Celts.
		Garum extract also contains an omega-3 essential fatty acid complex that enhances prostaglandins and prostacyclin-the chemical mediators that regulate I major biological functions in the body Omega 3 extract is thought to contribute to the stress-reducing effects of this European therapy.
		Although studies have shown that garum extract relieves depressive symptoms associated with chronic stress and fatigue, it may not be effective for clinical depression and bipolar manic-depression.
	www.lef.org /magazine/mag96/feb96-update.html (1302 words)

	garum/colatura - ChefTalk Cooking Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum appears to have it's origins as liquid filtered from the bottom of barrels used in the convents to hold anchovies.
		Garum has also been known in various regions (along with subtle differences of course) to be called Colatura di Alici, Liquamen, and Nam Pla among others.
		The better grades of garum were made from prized fish such as mullet, and the less good grades (for slaves, for instance) from the entrails of fish.
	www.cheftalk.com /forums/showthread.php?p=71133 (855 words)

	Parthian Cuisine
		Garum (or liquamen), a fish sauce, was a common flavoring sauce, and necessary to several of the recipes above.
		It is common to replace garum with Vietnamese nuoc mam in modern recreations of ancient recipes.
		Different qualities of ingredients were used, of course, and the cheapest form of garum was liquamen, made using fish entrails instead of whole fish or fish blood.
	www.parthia.com /parthia_cuisine.htm (1605 words)

	Ancient Cooking: Garum
		Garum factories, however, came to be as unpopular as garum was popular.
		According to 1st century B.C. Roman poet Martial, the ancient preparation of garum involved securing "the blood of a still-gasping mackerel," which was then mixed with salt, and later left to ferment for as long as three months.
		When attempting to recapture authentic flavor in ancient dishes made with garum, it is important to recognize the large difference between ancient Roman fish sauce and 21st century anchovy paste: using the latter has unhappily sabotaged many otherwise successful recipes.
	www.italiancookingandliving.com /food/pf_text/ac_garum.html (438 words)

	Garum/Liquamen
		Its said that garum was a fish paste not unlike anchovy but this is patently wrong.
		We are told, through numerous references to garum in literature, that fish sauce was very popular in Roman society but this is not truly brought home until we read the recipes in the 'De re Coquinaria'- the cookery book attributed to Apicius that dates from the mid 4th century AD.
		The problem is that Garum as a term is not used in Apicius apart from a few compound words donating fish sauce and other ingredients like wine or vinegar mixed together, possibly at the time of production.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/8337/c_garum.html (2075 words)

	amphorae garum
		Nel corso del I Secolo A.C. il migliore garum proveniva dalla regione di Cartagena (Spagna): i produttori si erano riuniti in un consorzio che esportava in tutto l'Impero l'apprezzata marca Garum Sociorum.
		The garum was the base of a number of recipes: for exemple, the Romans were very fond of mussels cooked in a sauce made mixing garum, strong wine, savory, cumin and chopped onion.
		Il garum era alla base di moltissime ricette: tra le altre, i Romani apprezzavano particolarmente le cozze, cotte in una salsa preparata mescolando garum, vino forte, timo, cumino e cipolle rosse a pezzi.
	www.sportesport.it /amphorae25.htm (705 words)

	Garum extract? - Mind and Muscle Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The active ingredient in Adapton is Garum amoricum extract, a class of unique polypeptides which act as precursor to endorphins and other neurtotrnasmitters that exert a regulatory effect on the nervous system.
		An extract of a deep sea fish, the garum, Adapton is a naturally occurring substance.
		The loading dose for Garum is two pills twice a day for 2 weeks; the dose is then often reduced to two or three pills a day.
	www.mindandmuscle.net /forum/index.php?showtopic=355 (744 words)

	Children of Rhatlan - A free audio book from Podiobooks.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum and Vayin are "duals," twins trapped in each other's minds and bodies, sharing one life.
		AUTHOR'S NOTES: Meet Garum and Vayin, the original "Children of Rhatlan." I came up with the idea for duals in 1994 when I began to really focus on being a professional writer, under the instruction of Lee Killough.
		Garum and Vayin learn the devastating power of prayer in their lives.
	www.podiobooks.com /podiobooks/book.php?ID=104 (497 words)

	Smart Basics - Stabilium: Smart Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Garum has been found to be useful in situations of anxiety-producing stress as well as supporting physical stresses such as exercise.
		After two weeks, intake may be reduced to 2 or 3 capsules every day or every other day, or as directed by a health care professional.
		Stabilium: Historical Uses of Garum in Stress and Anxiety.
	www.ehot.com /smartbasics/1_garumamor.html (183 words)

	Garum
		Garum of the finest quality could be very expensive, but cheaper forms of fish sauces (with similarities in the production, known as liquamen, muria or allec (muria was the tuna garum)) were available to everyone.
		It was even thought to be an aphrodisiac, and could be used both as medicine as well as for cosmetics.
		Garum was a central ingredients used for several dishes when mixed with other ingredients, like wine, vinegar, pepper, oil and water.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/garum.htm (191 words)

	Garum Armoricum (Stabilium)
		One of the more interesting of these nutritional products is Garum Armoricum (Stabilium), an historically ancient extract of fish viscera (internal organs) of certain deep-water fish species, the preparation of which dates back to ancient times.
		Developed by neolithic inhabitants of the Armorican peninsula (westernmost France) and refined by Celtic Druids, Garum was adopted by the Romans as a broad-spectrum elixir that could be used to help the aged or infirm, or more to their political purposes, to strengthen their soldiers prior to long marches or combat.
		College students were hypothesized to be an excellent test group because of the chronic nature of their academic stress and the high degree of homogeneity within the student population.
	intelegen.com /nutrients/garum_armoricum.htm (1021 words)

	Chapter To Garum Firs of Mill on the Floss by George Eliot
		Chapter To Garum Firs of Mill on the Floss by George Eliot
		Still the sight of the peacock opportunely spreading his tail on the stackyard wall, just as they reached Garum Firs was enough to divert the mind temporarily from personal grievances.
		As for the house, it was not less remarkable: it had a receding centre, and two wings with battlemented turrets, and was covered with glittering white stucco.
	www.bibliomania.com /0/0/21/48/12328/2.html (442 words)

	Garum - Food Reference Food History and Food Facts
		Mad as it may sound given the above, garum was indeed king of the kitchen; as common among ancient Greek and Roman foodies as posh Maldon salt is today, and used liberally by the peasants much as modern-day teenagers use tomato ketchup – on anything and everything.
		In his book, “Catalan Cuisine” (available in Spanish, Catalan and English) Colman Andrews cited a recipe – still served as an aperitif at the hotel -- from the late Josep Mercader at the Hotel Ampurdán on the Costa Brava, and he very kindly gives his permission to reproduce it here.
		Fish caught off the coast of Catalonia – at least according to several modern Catalan culinary historians – was particularly prized by the Romans for the making of their fish sauce.
	www.foodreference.com /html/artgarum.html (1218 words)

	Surstromming.se \| Syrad mat - Garum
		Den kanske viktigaste smaksättaren i det romerska köket var Garum, även kallat Liquamen, Muria eller Allec.
		Fish sauce could be called garum, liquamen or muria and there was a further product called allec which was a paste.
		De ledande garum producenterna i Pompeji var under lång tid bröderna Umbrici.
	www.surstromming.se /kultur-garum.htm (201 words)

	Accidental Hedonist - We Get Letters - v. 1: Garum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		I did indeed write briefly about Garum Sauce in my post about Lazio last week.
		Garum is a sauce that was quite popular in Rome.
		Garum is, at its core, a fish sauce.
	www.accidentalhedonist.com /print.php?p=591 (359 words)

	IX. To Garum Firs. Book I—Boy and Girl. Eliot, George. 1917. The Mill on the Floss. Vol. IX. Harvard Classics ...
		All the farmyard life was wonderful there,—bantams, speckled and top-knotted; Friesland hens, with their feathers all turned the wrong way; Guinea-fowls that flew and screamed and dropped their pretty spotted feathers; pouter-pigeons and a tame magpie; nay, a goat, and a wonderful brindled dog, half mastiff, half bull-dog, as large as a lion.
		Tulliver, whose mind was actively engaged on the possibility of getting a humble imitation of this chef-d’œuvre made from a piece of silk she had at home.
		She began slowly to adjust the trimmings, in preparation for returning it to its place in the wardrobe, and her thoughts seemed to have taken a melancholy turn, for she shook her head.
	www.bartleby.com /309/109.html (4075 words)

	Dr. Guberman's Natural Supplements for All Depression.
		Adapton is an extract of garum, a fish, produces a class of polypeptides that exert a regulatory effect on the nervous system that enables an individual to adapt to stressful conditions.
		Garum contains unique peptides with precursors to endorphins and other neurotransmitters that improve our ability to adapt to mental and physical stress.
		SUGGESTED USE: Four capsules of garum extract should be swallowed on an empty stomach first in morning on an empty stomach for 15 days.
	drguberman.com /Depression.cfm (877 words)

	garum-msg
		Is "garum" a translation of "liquamen" or a period
		I do not agree that Nuoc mam and garum are the same thing at all.Nuoc mam is basically a fish based soy sauce originally made by fermenting anchovies in brine.
		R.I. Curtis, "In Defense of Garum," CJ 78 (1983) 232-40;
	www.florilegium.org /files/FOOD-CONDIMENTS/garum-msg.html (7304 words)

	Osprey - Roman food and drink
		But the most distinctive flavouring ingredients were garum, a salty fish essence, and two sweeteners made from grapes, possum and defrutum.
		We are told there were many different flavours of garum made in both homes and factories (the furthest north found near London) throughout the empire.
		Add garum, honey and some of the cooking broth as you go along to make a smooth paste (making a curry involves the same sort of process).
	www.ospreypublishing.com /content2.php/cid=315 (2048 words)

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