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Topic: Gary Kleck

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	Firearms Stop Crime
		KLECK: Well, the survey mostly generated results pretty consistent with those of a dozen previous surveys which generally indicates that defensive use of guns is pretty common and probably more common than criminal uses of guns.
		KLECK: We had a total of 4,978 completed interviews, that is, where we had a response on the key question of whether or not there had been a defensive gun use.
		KLECK: We asked them whether they carried guns at any time but we didn't directly ask them if they were carrying guns, in the legal sense, at the time they had used their gun defensively.
	www.wagc.com /25mill.html (2635 words)

	Gary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to the Social Security Administration, Gary was relatively rare as a given name in the 1900-1920s period (e.g., in the 1910s it was the 677th most frequent name, given to less than 0.01% of the babies born in that decade).
		Gary Barlow, Gary Bartz, Gary Barwin, Gary Bauer, Gary Becker, Gary Bettman, Gary Burghoff, Gary Burton, Gary Busey
		Gary Oldman, Gary Owen (footballer), Gary Owen (snooker), Gary Owens
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gary (511 words)

	Armed Citizens and Crime Control
		Kleck was conducted by Peter Hart Associates for an anti-gun organization, the National Alliance Against Violence (NAAV), since the Hart survey was, as of 1988, the most sophisticated at actually measuring protective uses of handguns, despite some limitations.
		Kleck surmised, and his survey strongly supports the conclusion, that for a variety of reasons--ignorance by some respondents of what others have done, reluctance to talk about possibly unlawful protective use by other members of the family despite a willingness to talk about one's own--household measures, followed by household projections, dramatically undercount protective gun uses.
		Because Kleck and Gertz used a large sample, their analysis is based on 213 respondents reporting actual gun use for protection.4 Although the 213 is a large enough sample for projecting annual protective gun use, further breakdowns--fractions of the 213--are more problematic, because the small numbers make details less reliable.
	www.nraila.org /media/misc/ACCC.htm (2536 words)

	Op-Ed: The Incidence Of Gun Use For Self-Defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kleck gives the layman a glimpse of the care that is needed in how to ask questions, and how to evaluate the answers that are given.
		Kleck reports that various surveys indicate that there were as of 1994, some 235 million guns in private hands in the U.S. About one percent of them got used for self-defense against a human assailant of a private person during that time.
		Kleck found that the authors of the survey had improperly weighted answers to deflate the appearance of self-defense with a gun during the year.
	www.gunowners.org /op0206.htm (760 words)

	GunCite-Who is Gary Kleck?
		Gary Kleck is a Professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University (see curriculum vita and this overview).
		Nevertheless, the methodological soundness of the current Kleck and Gertz study is clear.
		The Kleck and Gertz study impresses me for the caution the authors exercise and the elaborate nuances they examine methodologically.
	www.guncite.com /gcwhoGK.html (1065 words)

	Gary Kleck Study Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Previous surveys, in Kleck's analysis, had underrepresented the extent of private firearms defenses because the questions asked failed to account for the possibility that a particular respondent might have had to use his or her firearm more than once.
		It's a telephone survey and the telephone numbers are randomly chosen by computer so that it works out that every residential telephone number in the lower 48 states had an equal chance of being picked, except that we deliberately oversampled from the South and the West and then adjusted after the fact for that overrepresentation.
		Previous surveys didn't have very many sample cases so you couldn't get into the details much but they had suggested that a relatively small share of incidents involved the gun being fired so it was surprising to me that quite so many defenders had used a gun that way.
	www.beast-enterprises.com /kleck.html (2633 words)

	Reason magazine -- August/September 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kleck wrote the authoritative Point Blank (1991) and has conducted research that has conclusively demonstrated the social benefits of civilian gun ownership.
		Kates and Kleck suggest that reasonable controls, such as preventing felons and the insane from possessing firearms, are both constitutional and criminologically sound in light of the current research.
		Kates and Kleck suggest that unsubstantiated claims about gun use, such as the oft-repeated and baseless factoid that guns are 43 times more likely to be used in a crime than for legitimate self-defense, have been so successfully incorporated into conventional wisdom that, to most citizens, the topic is not even worthy of debate.
	reason.com /9708/bk.funk.html (2279 words)

	Deltoid » Gary Kleck responds to Tim Lambert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kleck has effectively assumed that there were only 0.0011*4977=5.5 cases with woundings in the sample.
		Allowing for the sampling error in Kleck’s 2.5M DGU estimate and rounding things off to avoid spurious precision in the confidence interval gives the 100,000-300,000 interval that I gave earlier.
		Kleck and Gertz do not mention in their paper that because of their sampling design they have understated the sampling error of their DGU estimates.
	timlambert.org /1999/06/dgu-00054 (665 words)

	Books: Dave Kopel Reviews Armed on NRO Weekend
		Gary Kleck, a professor of criminology at Florida State University, is by far the most important social scientist studying the gun issue.
		The best of these Kleck's "Absolutist Politics in a Moderate Package: Prohibitionist Intentions of the Gun Control Movement." Examining the rhetoric and positions of the antigun movement from its founding in the 1970s up to the present, Kleck shows that the antigun groups have always favored every restriction or prohibition which has looked politically achievable.
		Unfortunately, many of Kleck's examples involve late 1980s and early 1990s distorted reporting on the "assault weapon" issue — such as television news clips showing pictures of fully automatic guns being fired, even though the controversy had nothing to do with fully automatic guns.
	www.nationalreview.com /weekend/books/books-kopel011202.shtml (1196 words)

	Kleck Interview
		Gary Kleck, Ph.D. is a professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University in Tallahassee and author of "Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America" (Aldine de Gruyter, 1991), a book widely cited in the national gun-control debate.
		KLECK: About the only thing which was surprising is how often people had actually wounded someone in the incident.
		Previous surveys didn't have very many sample cases so you couldn't get into the details much but some evidence had suggested that a relatively small share of incidents involved the gun inflicting wounds so it was surprising to me that quite so many defenders had used a gun that way.
	www.firearmsandliberty.com /kleck.interview.html (2824 words)

	Point Blank April 2001
		Kleck rejects the idea that there should be more armed police or civilians in schools.
		Kleck says there is little sense to place police officers at every school, considering the limitations now placed on police resources.
		Kleck argues that it is a “popular myth” that criminals grab guns from their victims and then use the weapons.
	www.ccrkba.org /PointBlank/may01/page5.htm (832 words)

	The Second Amendment Research Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gary Kleck, Marc Gertz ; "Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86, no. 1 (fall 1995): 150-87.
		Gary Kleck ; "What are the risks and benefits of keeping a gun in the home?" Journal of the American Medical Association 280, no. 5 (August 5, 1998): 473-5.
		Gary Kleck ; "Crime, Culture Conflict and the Sources of Support for Gun Control: A Multi-level Application of the General Social Surveys." American Behavioral Scientist 39, no. 4 (February 1996): 387-404.
	secondamendmentcenter.org /experts_scholarship_by_author_all.asp?Author=41 (435 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kleck uses clean and clearly established sociological statistical research methods -- where the parameters of each "research population" are clearly drawn and conclusions are not loosely applied beyond any particular measured group.
		The attacks on Kleck's work you are asking about as having been "widely [discrediting]," have actually been the unhappy leaps of researchers to try and repair damage done to the credibility of their own work by Kleck's methods and findings.
		Kleck uses clean and clearly > established sociological statistical research methods -- where the > parameters of each "research population" are clearly drawn and > conclusions are not loosely applied beyond any particular measured > group.
	www.sfn.saskatoon.sk.ca /~ab133/Archives/Digests/v01n001-099/v01n026 (2032 words)

	WAGC - Firearm Factoids References
		Gary Kleck and Marc Gertz, "Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense With a Gun," 86 The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Northwestern University School of Law, 1 (Fall 1995):164.
		Kleck is a professor in the school of criminology and criminal justice at Florida State University in Tallahassee.
		Dr. Gary Kleck, interview with J. Neil Schulman, "Q and A: Guns, crime and self-defense," The Orange County Register, 19 September 1993.
	www.wagc.com /curious/factoids-2.html (3128 words)

	ARMED
		In this thought-provoking study of the issue, researchers Gary Kleck and Don B. Kates closely examine the arguments used by advocates and opponents of gun control, identify crucial factual assumptions behind the arguments, and systematically address these assumptions using evidence from the best research available on the subject.
		Among the topics addressed are media bias in coverage on gun issues, prohibitionist measures for reducing gun violence, the frequency and effectiveness of the defensive use of guns, and a close analysis of the Second Amendment.
		Gary Kleck is professor at the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice of Florida State Unversity
	www.liberty-tree.org /ltn/armed.html (527 words)

	GunCite-Gun Control-How Often Are Guns Used in Self-Defense?
		That was one of the findings in a national survey conducted by Gary Kleck, a Florida State University criminologist in 1993.
		Subsequent to Kleck's study, the Department of Justice sponsored a survey in 1994 titled, Guns in America: National Survey on Private Ownership and Use of Firearms (text, PDF).
		Kleck concludes his criticism of the NCVS saying it "was not designed to estimate how often people resist crime using a gun.
	www.guncite.com /gun_control_gcdguse.html (1278 words)

	Gun ownership is not the cause of America’s high murder rate
		Kleck himself surveyed 4,979 households, and his results project that there were 2.4 million gun defenses in 1992, 1.9 million of them with handguns.
		Kleck speculates that the reason the casualties implied in his study do not show up in the medical data are that most must not have sought medical attention.
		Gary Kleck, "Guns and Violence: A Summary of the Field." Prepared for delivery at the 1991 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, The Washington Hilton, August 29 through September 1, 1991.
	www.huppi.com /kangaroo/L-gunownership.htm (5726 words)

	Gun Control: Separating Fact from Myth: Events: The Independent Institute
		Gary Kleck is professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Florida State University.
		And as Gary points out, it is something that the business community at large has been activated on, because they realize if you can sue the gun manufactures, who after all, are basically the most regulated industry in the United States.
		We have Gary Kleck’s evidence about the number of defensive gun uses and whether you think that instead of two and half million times, it’s a hundred times too high, that’s still 25,000 times a year.
	independent.org /tii/forums/001115ipfTrans.html (13999 words)

	Deltoid » 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kleck’s book contains details of surveys of gun carrying that show that the number of people that get permits for concealed carry is much less than the number of people who carry illegally, that is, the laws did not make a significant difference to a criminal’s chance of encountering an armed victim.
		Kleck sticks with a position that is supportable by the data—that the bad and good uses of guns mostly cancel out, leaving little net effect on crime.
		Kleck gets upset when others attack him by saying that something might explain away his results, but they refuse to say what those unexplained factors are.
	timlambert.org /2003/page/2 (9254 words)

	Prometheus Books
		According to conventional wisdom accidents with handguns account for a significant number of deaths among children, gun owners endanger themselves more than they ward off potential criminal assailants, and there is a widespread legal consensus that the Second Amendment does not support the individual right to bear arms.
		All of these assumptions, and many others, say researchers Gary Kleck and Don Kates, are contradicted by the weight of criminological and legal evidence.
		Gary Kleck (Tallahassee, FL) is professor at the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice of Florida State University.
	www.prometheusbooks.com /site/catalog/book_985.html (249 words)

	Doctors for Sensible Gun Laws
		The criminologist Gary Kleck estimated the percentage of circulating guns actually involved in a crime for 1993.
		Further analysis by Kleck estimates that less than 1 percent of all guns will ever be used in a crime.
		Based on their results, Kleck and Gertz estimated that the number of defensive gun uses is three to four times that of illegal gun uses.
	www.dsgl.org /Articles/oteromyths.htm (5657 words)

	Legal Snares for the Unwary Law-Abiding Citizen
		In 1995 University Professors Gary Kleck and Mark Gertz published their paper "Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense With a Gun," Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 86(1):150-187, Fall 1995.
		A letter by Kleck to the Maryland Governor's Commission on Gun Violence gives a response to an attack by Jon S. Vernick of Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Policy and Research.
		In that letter Kleck states, "What makes Vernick's criticisms so odd is that all of them have already been thoroughly rebutted, in the written report of that research.
	www.mcrkba.org /w12.html (622 words)

	CounterPoise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gary Kleck (professor of criminology and criminal justice at Florida State University) and Don Kates (a California lawyer), in Armed, take a more adversarial stance in support of the right to own firearms.
		Kleck and Kates’ essays focus on the issues related to their thesis of news media distortion of gun issues.
		The essays are grouped into five subject areas: gun control efforts in the culture; examples of mass media treatment of violent gun use; gun availability and violence; the use of guns for defense and self-protection; and the “cultural wars” aspects of the debate over the meaning of the Second Amendment.
	www.counterpoise.info /about.asp?page_id=77&n=70 (1200 words)

	Amazon.ca: Armed: New Perspectives on Gun Control: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But this position is derided as the result of the "absolutist" and "prohibitionist" views of "anti-gun zealots." The authors argue that this zealotry has pushed the NRA into opposing even moderate gun controls, such as licensing and registration, for fear of eventually losing their right to own guns.
		Kleck, a gun control advocate, reasonably evaluates data from studies to show that defensive gun use is beneficial and justifies the right to bear arms.
		Kleck is held in disfavor by the leadership of the NRA because of his pro-control standing.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1573928836 (1008 words)

	guncontrol_bib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Kleck, Gary, 1998 "What are the Risks and Benefits of Keeping a Gun in the Home?" Journal of the American Medical association, 280:5 (1998), pp.
		Kleck argues that "there has probably been more outright dishonesty in addressing the issue of the frequency of DGU than any other issue in the gun control debate.
		For example, Gary Kleck concludes: "It should be stressed that neither this strategy [the strategy of developing politically acceptable and practically implementable strategies that can reduce gun availability among high risk individuals at acceptable cost] nor any other gun control policy is likely to have a dramatic impact on violence in America.
	pitt.edu /AFShome/u/p/upjecon/public/html/BERGER/guncontrol2_bib.html (3994 words)

	TIRSPORTIF : Le point de vue de la NRA (National Rifle Association)
		Kleck also found that "at most, 1% of defensive gun uses resulted in the offender taking a gun away from the victim," including instances in which burglars stealing guns from homes are confronted by homeowners armed with other guns.9
		Various studies produced by researchers with a record of anti-gun viewpoints have alleged that handguns (and other firearms) kept for protection against criminals are more likely to be used against family members, but scholars have faulted the researchers' methodology.
		Gary Kleck explains the most serious of such studies' many flaws: "[T]he benefit of defensive gun ownership that would be parallel to innocent lives lost to guns would be innocent lives saved by defensive use of guns.
	www.tirsportif.com /NRA/proarmes/pointdevue-nra.htm (5079 words)

	The Second Amendment Research Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gary Kleck, Marc Gertz; "Armed Resistance to Crime: The Prevalence and Nature of Self-Defense with a Gun." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 86, no. 1 (fall 1995): 150-87.
		Gary Kleck; "What are the risks and benefits of keeping a gun in the home?" Journal of the American Medical Association 280, no. 5 (August 5, 1998): 473-5.
		Gary Kleck; "Crime, Culture Conflict and the Sources of Support for Gun Control: A Multi-level Application of the General Social Surveys." American Behavioral Scientist 39, no. 4 (February 1996): 387-404.
	secondamendmentcenter.org /expert_output.asp?id=41 (901 words)

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