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Topic: Gas bladder

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	Information on Fish Gas Bladder
		The reason for this is that as pressure increases with depth, the gas in the bladder is compressed, decreasing the bladder's volume and increasing the relative density of the fish.
		If, as in the carp, the gas bladder is connected by a duct to the gullet, gas may be expelled through the mouth and gill cavities as the fish rises, and, in a similar manner, gas may be added to the bladder by swallowing air at the water surface.
		The gas gland is a modification of the inner lining of the bladder; the rete mirabile is a dense bundle of capillaries arranged side by side in countercurrent fashion.
	www.lookd.com /fish/gasbladder.html (813 words)

	Gas bladder - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The gas bladder (also fish maw, less accurately swim bladder or air bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy, and thus to stay at the current water depth, ascend, or descend without having to waste energy in swimming.
		The gas bladder is a gas-filled sac located in the dorsal portion of the fish.
		In physostomous gas bladders, a connection is retained between the gas bladder and the gut, allowing the fish to fill up the gas bladder by "gulping" air and filling the gas bladder through the pneumatic duct.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gas_bladder (649 words)

	Bladder Pumps
		Bladder pumps are designed so that the gas that squeezes the outside of the bladder does not come into contact with the samples.
		Bladder pumps are commonly constructed of a stainless steel body and a flexible bladder.
		The pump's lift capabilities are directly related to the pressure rating of the bladder and tubing and the ability of the pressure source (e.g., air compressor or compressed gas) and controller box to apply a sufficient force of gas at depth.
	www.geology.sdsu.edu /classes/geol552/wellsampling/bladder.htm (659 words)

	Swim bladder
		The swim bladder (also air bladder or gas bladder) is an internal organ that contributes to the ability of a fish to control its buoyancy despite changes in external water pressure.
		The swim bladder is an air-filled sac located in the dorsal portion of the fish.
		The walls of the bladder contain very few blood vessels and are lined with guanine crystals, which make them impermeable to gases.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/sw/Swim_bladder.html (157 words)

	Gas distribution manifold arrangement and methods for use with plurality of hydropneumatic hydraulic accumulators - ...
		This invention relates to a gas distribution manifold arrangement and methods for the gas precharge of a plurality of hydropneumatic hydraulic accumulators, and to the combination of such gas distribution manifold arrangement with a gyratory crusher having associated therewith a plurality of hydropneumatic hydraulic accumulators.
		With the gas inlet valve of each accumulator open and with all of the selector valves on the gas manifold open, charging gas admitted to the gas manifold flows simultaneously in parallel paths to apply an equal and predetermined desired gas precharge to all of the accumulators.
		The common gas pressure in the elastic bladders 40 of the plurality of accumulators 36A-36F, inclusive, is indicated by pressure gauge 114.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4076176.html (4374 words)

	swim bladder - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The swim bladder, or air bladder, is located in the dorsal portion of the body cavity and is filled with gases.
		When gas is added to the swim bladder, by diffusion through the blood vessels in the bladder walls, the fish becomes less dense overall; when gas is removed the fish becomes more dense.
		In most fish the swim bladder has no connection to the digestive tract, but in some, such as the lungfish, there is a connecting tube leading to the pharynx, indicating that the organ may aid in respiration.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-swimblad.html (322 words)

	Vehicle seat with inflatable bladder - Patent 5658050
		During use of the bladder, as the first bladder chambers are inflated, it increases pressure on the femur and biceps of the seat occupant and thereby easing pressure on the ischium and gluteus maximus of the seat occupant.
		To ensure that the gas supply 60 has a sufficient amount of gas to adequately supply gas to the bladder 40 during use and operation, the gas supply 60 preferably communicates with a pressure sensing switch 62 that can be a pressure switch or a vacuum switch that is upstream of the control flap 52.
		During use of the bladder 40, as the third set of chambers 72 is inflated, pressure upon the posterior crest of ilium and erector spinae of the seat occupant is increased while pressure on the sacral vertebra and gluteus maximus is decreased.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5658050.html (16804 words)

	Basics of Design Engineering - Fluid Power Chapter 5 - Accumulators, Compressors and Vacuum Pumps - Accumulators
		Bladder accumulators consist of a pressure vessel and an internal elastomeric bladder that contains the gas.
		The bladder is charged through a gas valve at the top of the accumulator, while a poppet valve at the bottom prevents the bladder from being ejected with the outflowing fluid.
		To operate, the bladder is charged with nitrogen to a pressure specified by the manufacturer according to the operating conditions.
	www.machinedesign.com /BDE/FLUID/bdefp5/bdefp5_1.html (811 words)

	Goldfish and Aquarium Board Article-Buoyancy Issues in Fancy Goldfish (aka Swim Bladder) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Buoyancy problems may be transient (food-related gas, or inflammation from an infection) or permanent (malformed swim bladder, compression of the swim bladder, or damage to the mechanisms for controlling gas pressure in the swim bladder) or can be from tumors or cysts in the abdominal cavity.
		The rete mirabile, the gas gland and a resorptive area in the tissue of the pneumatic duct.
		Gas is formed by bacteria in the colon from fermenting certain starch or sugars.
	thegab.org /Articles/Buoyancy.html (2175 words)

	Aquaculture dictionary - Aquatext - G
		The gall bladder is usually located in the region of the heart and liver.
		Most commonly seen in the yolk sacs, gills and eyes (and occasionally the fins) as these are the areas of the body which have the most gas permeable membranes.
		The gas then causes bubbles to form inside capillaries and under the skin, restricting the blood flow and forming haemorrhages and clots.
	www.aquatext.com /list-g.htm (2196 words)

	Use of gas bags to prepare and store gas samples
		gas bag and the tubing under the water and check for leaks (or place some water in the bag and let it pool near the tubing and then check for leaks on the outside of the bag).
		The gas bag is a time-saving device when used as a large reservoir to fill syringes for use in microscale gas experiments by students.
		Gas bags filled with flammable gases should be in the custody of the teacher at all times.
	mattson.creighton.edu /Part22-ZiplocBag/Part22-ZiplocBag.html (1318 words)

	Walleye Catch & Release Issues & Answers
		However, the gas bladder in walleye is not attached to the throat.
		"Fizzing" is a process where gas is released from the gas bladder of a fish by inserting a needle in the side of the fish and puncturing the gas bladder.
		The tissues around the gas bladder are often capable of preventing the gas bladder from increasing in size for up to 5 minutes after the pressure outside of the fish decreases.
	www.sdgfp.info /wildlife/Fishing/Info/Catchrelease.htm (1054 words)

	Dedicated To The Tribal Aquaculture Program
		Noninflation of the gas bladder in walleye is considered to be due to a surface tension-oil film barrier preventing small larva from penetrating the surface film for the initial intake of atmospheric gas.
		Gas bladder inflation, however, was significantly lower in the large tanks in 2 of 3 comparisons.
		Walleyes with inflated swim bladders were upside down or floating at the surface, whereas those with uninflated swim bladders were lying flat on their sides on the bottom of the container.
	www.fws.gov /midwest/ashland/mtan/mtan_8.html (8731 words)

	Quiz 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The blood supply going to the gas gland is organized into the rete mirabile, a bundle of capillaries that serves as a countercurrent exchanger.
		Because gas is so concentrated in the gas bladder, it will readily flow out of the bladder if a blood supply is sent to the oval window.
		The rate of gas leaving the gas bladder via the oval window is controlled by varying the rate that blood flows past the window; the more blood flow, the faster the rate of gas removal.
	www.eeb.uconn.edu /courses/EEB200/eeb200s99/quiz399.html (386 words)

	Fizzing Striped Bass
		The gas bladder in fish operates like a buoyancy compensating device used by a SCUBA diver.
		When the fish ascends, pressure decreases, the volume of gas in the bladder expands, and buoyancy increases.
		Therefore, a striper quickly displaced from deepwater to shallow water is helplessly buoyant and suffers “the bends.” Behavioral symptoms of stripers with buoyancy problems include fish that remain at the surface after release and fish that lie on their side or assume a “head-down” posture.
	www.wildlifedepartment.com /fizzingstripedbass.htm (245 words)

	Catching Deep Water Bass and Buoyancy Problems
		Until gas volume is reduced, the Fish is unable to return to deep water and relieve the physical problems caused by depressurization.
		When bass show symptoms of depressurization, it is necessary to relieve the excess gas from the bladder to allow the fish to descend and minimize further physical damage.
		If the stomach has been pushed into the mouth by the overinflated gas bladder, push the stomach back through the throat of the fish with a blunt object after the air has been released from the gas bladder.
	www.fkpfishing.net /Articles/article.Deep_Water_Bass.html (494 words)

	computersmiths - History of Chinese Invention - The Discovery of Natural Gas
		Before there was an understanding of what natural gas was, it posed somewhat of a mystery to man. The first known observations of natural gas seeps were made in Iran prior to 2000 BCE.
		Pockets of flammable gas were first discovered trapped under the Earth in areas used by the Chinese to extract brine.
		Methane lamps could also be made, simply by filling a leather bladder with gas from a well, sliting a small hole in the bag and lighting escaping gas.
	www.computersmiths.com /chineseinvention/natgas.htm (560 words)

	Fish Dissection - Swim bladder
		The swim bladder (also called the gas bladder or air bladder) is a flexible-walled, gas-filled sac located in the dorsal portion of body cavity.
		Most of the swim bladder is not permeable to gases, because it is poorly vascularised (has few blood vessels) and is lined with sheets of guanine crystals.
		The gas in the blood is then removed from the body into the surrounding water at the gills.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/students/dissect/swimbladder.htm (325 words)

	Test and Procedures - Interstitial Cystitis & Painful Bladder Support (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The cystoscopy, enables the urologist to look into the bladder and observe it's general condition to see if there are any signs of abnormalities and to check the neck of the bladder as well the positioning of the uterers.
		Bladder biopsy, is performed with a cystocopy, and a long tweezer-like instrument which is attached to the cystoscope.
		The Radionuclide Cystogram is performed to evaluate the filling and emptying of the bladder along with evaluation of reflux of urine and obstruction to the flow of urine.
	www.ic-network.com /forum/showthread.php?t=972 (1980 words)

	[No title]
		Gas bladders are usually stiuated dorsal to the digestive tract whereas lungs are ventral
		Gas bladders are single, whereas lungs are usually paired.
		Gas bladder breathing is usually done using tidal ventilation or pulse ventilation.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/302/Lecture21.htm (692 words)

	Buoyancy
		Gas bladders are presumed to have arisen in bony fish as an evagination from the first embryonic gill pouch.
		There is much variation in the attachment to the gut and whether or not the air sacs are paired which leads some to argue that gas sacs have evolved several times.
		Therefore a fish with a gas inclusion is not hydrostatically stable in heave.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~pwebb/NRE422-BIO440/lec12.html (555 words)

	[No title]
		Gas bladders make up between 4 and 11% of the body mass of fish.
		Other fish have to use their fins to prevent rolling if the gas bladder is underneath the center of gravity (or swim upside down).
		Underneath each gas gland is a rete mirabile (marvelous net) of capillaries all oriented in the same direction.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/302/Lecture202003.htm (959 words)

	FishingWorld.com - News Center
		The gas bladder in fish operates like a buoyancy compensating device (BCD) used by a SCUBA diver.
		Until gas volume is reduced, the fish is unable to return to deep water and relieve the physical problems caused by de pressurization.
		When bass show symptoms of de-pressurization, it is necessary to relieve the excess gas from the bladder to allow the fish to descend or to return the fish to deep water to minimize further physical damage.
	www.fishingworld.com /News/Read.php?ArtID=000002225 (699 words)

	Deep Ocean
		So when the pressure doubles, the volume of the bladder is halved, whereas if pressure is halved, the volume is doubled.
		The volume of the gas bladder of a herring, for example, moving from a depth of 30m to the surface, would increase fourfold.
		To experience a similar fourfold decrease in pressure and therefore a fourfold increase in the volume of its gas bladder, a fish living at a depth of 10,000m would have to swim up to a depth of 2,500m.
	www.fathom.com /course/10701050/session1.html (1872 words)

	Fluid Energy Controls - FEC International - Accumulator Manual
		Detach bladder from gas end plug by unscrewing nut with socket wrench.
		Bladder must be checked by inflating to normal size and checking with a soapy solution.
		Damage to the bladder may occur if that ratio is not maintained.
	www.fecintl.com /FEC_pages/FEC_accumulator_manual_04.html (305 words)

	Accumulator (US4020872)
		In a hydraulic accumulator having an upright pressure vessel with an oil port at the bottom and a gas inlet at the top with a deformable, uniformly flexible bladder secured to the vessel and separating the gas and hydraulic fluids in the vessel,
		means securing the bladder to the upper end of the vessel with a central lower portion movable toward the oil port upon expulsion of hydraulic fluid through the oil port,
		a cushion member carried by the bladder centrally over the poppet valve, said cushion member being flexible and located to engage the head of the poppet valve and extend thereover preventing contact between the bladder material and the poppet valve head and cushioning the bladder against concentrated bending over the poppet valve,
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04020872__ (175 words)

	Anatomy
		A specialized structure is the gas (swim) bladder - specialized for buoyancy adjustment, it may be connected to esophagus.
		Also, it may have a "gas" gland which enables release or resorption of gas from blood to and from the gas bladder.
		liver with gall bladder (doesn't have the typical lobular architecture that is present in mammals.
	vet.osu.edu /assets/courses/vm608/anatomy/anatomy.html (707 words)

	Interstitial Cystitis / Painful Bladder Syndrome
		Because bladder distention is painful in patients with IC / PBS, they must be given some form of anesthesia for the procedure.
		This procedure must be done under anesthesia since the bladder capacity is limited by either pain or a severe urge to urinate.
		Samples of the bladder and urethra may be removed during a cystoscopy.
	www.webmd.com /solutions/pelvic_pain/ap/interstitial_cystitis?page=2 (524 words)

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