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Topic: Gas exchange

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	Method for effecting a gas exchange in a multiplate insulating glass unit - Patent 5454893
		In a method according to the invention for using the device for effecting a gas exchange according to the invention at least one device is inserted through the sealant spacer at at least one location through the sealant spacer into the space between the glass plates.
		After that, the gas exchange is effected, the device extracted after the gas exchange and the space between the glass plates is subsequently closed by insertion of the drill core into the drilled passage.
		While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a device for effecting a gas exchange in a multiplate insulating glass unit, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5454893.html (1963 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gas exchange
		Gas exchange or respiration takes place at a respiratory surface - a boundary between the external environment and the interior of the body.
		In humans and other mammals, respiratory gas exchange or ventilation is carried out by mechanisms of the lungs.
		The actual exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gas_exchange (520 words)

	1031 Exchange Made Simple - 1031 Exchange IRS Tax Rules
		A 1031 exchange, otherwise known as a tax deferred exchange is a simple strategy and method for selling one property, that's qualified, and then proceeding with an acquisition of another property (also qualified) within a specific time frame.
		Due to the fact that exchanging, a property, represents an IRS-recognized approach to the deferral of capital gain taxes, it is very important for you to understand the components involved and the actual intent underlying such a tax deferred transaction.
		The second fundamental rule is that the 1031 exchange requires that the replacement property must be subject to an equal or greater level of debt than the property sold or as a result the buyer will be forced to pay the tax on the amount of decrease.
	www.1031exchangemadesimple.com (1179 words)

	gas exchange
		As well as the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during aerobic respiration, nutrients must be taken up from the environment to feed the organism.
		In humans and other tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates), gas exchange occurs in the lungs, aided by the breathing movements of the ribs.
		In plants, gas exchange generally takes place via the stomata and the air-filled spaces between the cells in the interior of the leaf.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0030830.html (427 words)

	Gas exchange - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gas exchange or respiration takes place at a respiratory surface - a boundary between the external environment and the interior of the body.
		The actual exchange of gases occurs in the alveoli.
		Gas exchange occurs only at pulmonary and systemic capillary beds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gas_exchange (464 words)

	[No title]
		Simply put, it is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood in the lungs.
		Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between blood and the air.
		Internal respirtaion is basically the exchange of gasses between the blood in the capillaries and the body's cells.
	www.stemnet.nf.ca /~dpower/resp/exchange.htm (822 words)

	Air-Sea Gas Exchange
		Uncertainty in the gas exchange rate and its dependence on major forcing factors is identified in the 1999 U. Carbon Cycle Science Plan as a limitation in understanding the ocean's role in absorbing anthropogenic CO2.
		The goals of this program are to combine short time-scale measurements of the gas exchange rate with pertinent physical and chemical measurements to understand the mechanisms by which gas exchange at the air-sea interface is effected.
		At constant wind stress, the gas transfer rate exhibits a power law dependence on bulk surfactant concentration, which is in dynamic equilibrium with the surface concentration via diffusional exchange.
	www.po.gso.uri.edu /airsea/heidel.html (1183 words)

	Decompression Sickness and Gas Exchange hyprebaric medicine
		At sea level, the gas tension in the alveoli is equal to 1 ATM, which is slightly higher than that measurable in blood, due to inequities between ventilation and perfusion.
		The metabolism-dependent difference between the total gas tension in tissue and the atmosphere is known as the oxygen window and has important implications for the diffusion of nitrogen from bubbles back into tissue.
		Assuming that the number and magnitude of the bubbles are sufficiently small, the gas contained therein may harmlessly diffuse across the alveolar membrane for exhalation.
	www.eustatiantube.org /dcsbook/chp5.b.gasexchange.a.html (514 words)

	Gas Exchange In Plants
		In plants gas exchange takes place using three different designs, each suited for the part of the plant it is located on.
		The one that is most important in gas exchange is the spongy area of the mesophyll which provides a large area for gas exchange to take place.
		Since gas exchange cannot take place across a dry surface there has to be a way to allow air into the leaf without letting the moist interior.
	home.usadatanet.net /~millerb/GUPS-Leaf.htm (751 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Natural gas exchange opens in Russia
		Gas exchanges operate in the United States, the United Kingdom and Belgium.
		This time the gas concern guaranteed delivery in December of all the gas purchased on the exchange, regardless of who sold it.
		The second exchange session is scheduled for December 15 and is expected to generate more interest because its gas volumes will be counted on the 2007 balance sheet.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntr64957.htm (659 words)

	exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Organisms also need to exchange heat with their surroundings, and here large animals have an advantage in having a small surface area/volume ratio: they lose less heat than small animals.
		The main gas exchange surfaces in plants are the spongy mesophyll cells in the leaves.
		Gas exchange is more difficult for fish than for mammals because the concentration of dissolved oxygen in water is less than 1%, compared to 20% in air.
	www.mrothery.co.uk /exchange/exchange.htm (1509 words)

	Gas exchange Summary
		The steepness of the pressure gradient corresponds to the difference between the partial pressure of the respiratory gas in the alveolar air and its partial pressure in the blood (the pressure exerted by a particular component of a mixture of gases is called the partial pressure of that gas).
		By gaseous exchange, the carbon dioxide partial pressure of the blood decreases from 6 to 5 kPa during passage through the lung capillaries.
		The rate of gaseous exchange in tissues depends on two factors, the metabolic activity of the tissue and the dilation of blood vessels.
	www.bookrags.com /Gas_exchange (841 words)

	Influence of rain on air-sea gas exchange: Lessons from a model ocean
		In the ocean, the effects of rain are complicated by the potential influence of density stratification at the water surface.
		Since it is difficult to perform controlled rain-induced gas exchange experiments in the open ocean, an SF evasion experiment was conducted in the artificial ocean at Biosphere 2.
		The measurements show a rapid depletion of SF in the surface layer due to rain enhancement of air-sea gas exchange, and the gas transfer velocity was similar to that predicted from the relationship established from freshwater laboratory experiments.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2003JC001806.shtml (380 words)

	Technical description of Datex-Ohmeda’s module for gas exchange measurement
		The continuous and non-invasive measurement of respiratory gas exchange, also known as indirect calorimetry, is potentially valuable when employed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
		This flow sensor in conjunction with the gas sampler is connected at the patient airway and provides the conduit for the gas exchange measurement.
		Due to the side stream principle of gas concentration measurement there is a significant lag time (1.5 s) in measurement due to the travelling time of the sample through the sampling line to the module.
	www.clinicalwindow.net /cw_issue_04_article7.htm (769 words)

	Gas-exchange sheet members - Patent 4342723
		The efficiency of the gas exchange by use of the above sheet members is further enhanced by providing the sheet member with capillary pores each having an undulating longitudinal cross section comprised of an alternating repetition of wider portions and narrower portions.
		A larger thickness of the walls of the capillary pores 2, which thickness is larger than 0.3 mm, is, of course, undesirable due to the decreased efficiency of the gas exchange through the walls.
		The thus created turbulence is a very important condition for enhancing the efficiency of the gas exchange between the air flowing along the surface of the sheet members 1 and the blood passing through the capillary pores 2 in the sheet members 1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4342723.html (2916 words)

	BiologyMad A-Level Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gas exchange takes place at a respiratory surface - a boundary between the external environment and the interior of the body.
		We shall examine how these requirements are met in the gas exchange systems of humans.
		In humans the gas exchange organ system is the respiratory or breathing system.
	www.biologymad.com /GaseousExchange/GaseousExchange.htm (1196 words)

	Di Santo Jet Gas - Overfill Prevention Valves
		Jet Gas is now installing OPD valves in all of its 20 lb.
		exchange cylinders and has selected the best in quality, incorporating the latest in high flow and maximum BTU capacity while decreasing purging time.
		Jet Gas also urges you not to accept any extra cylinders from customers looking to dispose of them.
	www.jetgas.com /cylexchange/opd.htm (424 words)

	Problems and Solution to Gas Exchange
		Although the challenges at the one celled level are fairly simple, requiring only the presence of gas molecules and a wet surface for exchange, the real challenges come when you have multi-cellular organisms, where most of its cells do not have direct access to the environment.
		Gas exchange surfaces are very fragile, so they need to be protected from damage by the environment.
		Proper gas exchange is essential to the survival of an organism.
	home.usadatanet.net /~millerb/GUPS-GasExcange.htm (446 words)

	The Gas Exchange Page
		Very little gas exchange occurs before we reach the respiratory bronchioles, and the bulk of gas exchange does not begin until we reach the alveoli, so our inspired air sample does not contain much CO either.
		As the partial gas pressures in systemic arteries are nearly identical to the partial gas pressures found in pulmonary veins carrying oxygenated blood back to the heart, there is not need to repeat partial pressures of gases in pulmonary venous blood in the table.
		Gas exchange requires gas diffusion form the alveolar spaces across the alveolar epithelium and the interstitial space and capillary endothelium to the RBC.
	faculty.etsu.edu /currie/gasexchange.htm (1921 words)

	GAS EXCHANGE (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide exchange with the environment)
		PP of gas in water = PP of gas in air with which water is in equilibrium.
		Gas exchange occurs in air capillaries, which open to a parabronchus, through which air passes in only one direction.
		CGE is trivial in most birds and mammals, accounting for less than 1-2% or total gas exchange, except in bats, which may lose up to 12% of their CO through their wing membranes under certain conditions.
	www.usd.edu /biol/faculty/swanson/ecophys/readings/gas.html (1717 words)

	Gas Exchange in Plants
		The diffusion of carbon dioxide may be aided by aquaporin channels inserted in the plasma membrane.
		The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the leaf (as well as the loss of water vapor in transpiration) occurs through pores called stomata (singular = stoma).
		Woody stems and mature roots are sheathed in layers of dead cork cells impregnated with suberin — a waxy, waterproof (and airproof) substance.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/G/GasExchange.html (1279 words)

	Gas Exchange Information on Healthline
		Gas exchange is the process by which oxygen is transferred from the atmosphere to bodily tissues for use in metabolism; and the gas produced by metabolism, carbon dioxide, is transferred from tissues to the atmosphere.
		This trait is needed for gas exchange to easily occur.
		It states that the amount of gas dissolved will be directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas with which the liquid is in equilibrium.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/gas-exchange (758 words)

	NEJM -- Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide as a predictor of gas exchange during exercise
		We compared the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide at rest with measurements of gas exchange during exercise, including arterial oxygen tension, the alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen tension, the arterial-end-tidal difference in carbon dioxide tension, and the dead-space/tidal-volume ratio in 276 current and former shipyard workers.
		Neither the type nor the degree of abnormality in gas exchange could be predicted from the diffusing capacity.
		We conclude that diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide at rest is a specific but insensitive predictor of abnormal gas exchange during exercise and that, if indicated, measurements of arterial blood gases should be obtained during exercise.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/316/21/1301?query=prevarrow (618 words)

	Respiratory System
		Simple animals that lack specialized exchange surfaces have flattened, tubular, or thin shaped body plans, which are the most efficient for gas exchange.
		Gas exchange occurs at capillaries located throughout the body as well as those in the respiratory surface.
		Lungs are not entirely the sole property of vertebrates, some terrestrial snails have a gas exchange structures similar to those in frogs.
	www.emc.maricopa.edu /faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookRESPSYS.html (1625 words)

	Ventilation – Perfusion Distributions and Gas Exchange
		This is a computer simulation of mammalian gas exchange.
		gas exchange is modeled as a parallel model of ventilation and perfusion.
		Gas exchange is steady-state and complete equilibration of the alveolar gas and capillary blood occurs (ie there is no diffusion impairment).
	www.medicalnotes.com /slider/GasExchange.htm (482 words)

	Respiratory Physiologu: Gas Exchange
		Normal gas exchange requires normal DIFFUSION, the movement of gases from the alveolar sac across the alveolar and capillary walls into the capillary blood, as well as normal PERFUSION, blood flow through the pulmonary arterioles.
		The rate of diffusion across the membrane is directly proportional to the partial pressure gradient (the primary factor influencing gas exchange) and most rapid over short distances.
		The blood-gas interface facilitates diffusion quite effectively, with a large surface area for exchange (50-100 meters squared) and an extremely thin barrier for the gases to traverse (as thin as 0.3 micrometers in some areas).
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /Internet/Anesthesiology-Elective/airway/gasexchange.cfm (557 words)

	PMEL CO2: GasEx 2001
		Simultaneous studies relating gas transfer to physical, chemical and biological controls on CO concentrations in surface water is necessary to construct predictive models.
		Chemical enhancement of CO exchange might play a role in the exchange process and surfactants are an important mechanism for retarding the gas transfer process.
		Several studies have strongly implicated that surfactants have a major effect on air-sea gas exchange but evidence of CO flux measurements simultaneously with varying surfactant concentrations on the open ocean needs to be explored.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /co2/gasex2 (2030 words)

	Air-Sea gas exchange (Scott Doney) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leon Phillips suggests that the air-sea exchange of trace gases such as CO can be modified by irreversible thermodynamic coupling phenomena and that the commonly used gas exchange relationships can incorrectly predict the magnitude and, under certain circumstances, the sign of air-sea trace gas fluxes.
		I have worked out the physical basis for irreversible thermodynamic effects during air-sea exchange for both a generic liquid-gas interface and for the molecular boundary layers or sublayers adjacent to an air-water interface.
		For insoluble trace gases such as CO the temperature contrast across the limiting region for air-sea exchange, the aqueous mass sublayer, is not great enough to have a measurable impact on the trace gas distributions, and irreversible effects do not need to be included in empirical air-sea gas exchange relationships.
	www.cgd.ucar.edu /oce/doney/gas/gas.html (208 words)

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