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	Gas giant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A gas giant is a large planet that is not composed mostly of rock or other solid matter.
		Gas giants may still have a rocky or metallic core—in fact, it is expected that such a core is probably required for a gas giant to form—but the majority of its mass is in the form of gas (or gas compressed into a liquid state).
		Uranus and Neptune have been referred by scientists in the past as a separate subclass of giant planets, ice giants, or Uranian planets due to their structure made mostly of ice and rock and gas, which differs from the "traditional" gas giant such as Jupiter or Saturn.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gas_giant (1029 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gas giant
		A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures.
		A gas giant is a generic astronomical term invented by the science fiction writer James Blish to describe any large planet that is not composed mostly of rock or other solid matter.
		The four giant planets are comprised mostly of an outer layer of molecular hydrogen and helium and a much thicker layer of metallic hydrogen.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gas-giant (669 words)

	Gas giant - Wikipedia
		Gas giants may still have a solid core - in fact, it is expected that such a core is probably required for a gas giant to form - but the majority of its mass is in the form of gas (or gas compressed into a liquid state).
		The lower layers of liquid hydrogen inside gas giants is often so highly compressed that it becomes metallic in nature; metallic hydrogen is stable only under such enormous pressures.
		Gas giant planets that form directly from a collapsing nebula rather than accreting from a protostellar disk like other planets are more properly termed brown dwarf stars.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gas_giant (454 words)

	Gas giant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A gas giant is a generic astronomical term invented by the science fiction writer James Blish to describe any large planet that is not composedmostly of rock or other solid matter.
		Gas giants may still have a solid core - in fact, it is expected that such a core is probably required for agas giant to form - but the majority of its mass is in the form of gas (or gas compressedinto a liquid state).
		The lower layers of liquid hydrogen inside gas giants are often so highlycompressed that they become metallic in nature; metallic hydrogen is stable only under such enormous pressures.
	www.therfcc.org /gas-giant-26827.html (409 words)

	Gas Giants
		Gas giants must be placed in available orbits in the habitable zone and in the outer system.
		Gas Giants have magnetic fields to match their size, and a torch orbit is close enough so this magnetic field interferes with that of the sun.
		Gas Giant moons are subject to extreme tidal stresses; they will almost always be in "tidal-lock" rotation, with one side always facing their primary; their day is equal to their orbital period.
	www.freelancetraveller.com /features/science/gasgiants.html (5769 words)

	Gas giant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gas giants may still have a core - in fact it is expected such a core is probably required for gas giant to form - but the of its mass is in the form gas (or gas compressed into a liquid Unlike rocky planets gas giants do not a well-defined surface.
		Many of the extrasolar planets which have been discovered have masses several times Jupiter's mass and on the of this it has been suggested that may be gas giants.
		The upper mass limit of a gas planet is approximately 70 times that of (around 0.08 times the mass of the Sun).
	www.freeglossary.com /Gas_giants (489 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Gas giant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Planetary scientists often use 'rock', 'gas', and 'ice' as shorthands for classes of elements and compounds commonly found as planetary constituents, irrespective of what phase (Any distinct time period in a sequence of events) they appear in.
		The upper mass limit of a gas giant planet is approximately 70 times that of Jupiter (around 0.08 times the mass of the Sun (A typical star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system)).
		Above this point, the intense heat and pressure at the planet's core begins to induce nuclear fusion (A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy) and the planet ignites to become a red dwarf (A small cool star; approximately 100 times the mass of Jupiter).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ga/gas_giant.htm (1096 words)

	Talk:Gas giant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many of the extrasolar planets which have been discovered have masses of several times Jupiter's mass, and on the basis of this it has been suggested that these may be gas giants.
		This article could be clearer about the difference between gas giants and brown dwarves.
		Brown dwarfs are all about the same radius and volume; so anything that size with over 10 Jupiter masses is unlikely to be a planet" while this article says gas giants are planets and can exist up to ~70 Jupiter masses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Gas_giant (210 words)

	Jupiter
		The gas planets do not have solid surfaces, their gaseous material simply gets denser with depth (the radii and diameters quoted for the planets are for levels corresponding to a pressure of 1 atmosphere).
		At the temperature and pressure of Jupiter's interior hydrogen is a liquid, not a gas.
		Jupiter and the other gas planets have high velocity winds which are confined in wide bands of latitude.
	www.seds.org /nineplanets/nineplanets/jupiter.html (2189 words)

	Read about Gas giant at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Gas giant and learn about Gas giant here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gas giants may still have a rocky or metallic core—in fact, it is expected that such a core is probably required for a gas giant to form—but the majority of its mass is in the form of
		gas (or gas compressed into a liquid state).
		rock and gas, which differs from the "traditional" gas giant such as Jupiter or Saturn.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Gas_giant (950 words)

	Gas Giants
		Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as gas giants.
		The primordial disk of gas and dust that coalesced into the planetesimals that formed the planets and other planetary bodies was colder in the outer Solar System, being much farther away from the developing Sun.
		As the gas giants developed, their gravitational pull began to perturb the orbits of the planetesimals in the inner E-K Belt.
	www.solstation.com /stars/jovians.htm (756 words)

	Giant Gas Cloud Made of Atoms From First Stars
		The carbon-monoxide gas was revealed by the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) and the Plateau de Bure radio interferometer in Europe.
		The gas, along with the young galaxy containing it, is seen as it was when the Universe was only one-sixteenth its current age, just emerging from the primeval "Dark Ages" before light could travel freely through the cosmos.
		The carbon monoxide gas was found using radio telescopes that detected radio waves emitted by the gas molecules.
	www.nrao.edu /pr/2003/j1148 (1331 words)

	ScienceMaster - JumpStart - The Gas Giants
		Neptune orbits the Sun every 165 years, and is the smallest of the solar systems gas giants.
		Jupiter is the largest of the four "jovian planets" or "gas giants" grouped with Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
		Great globes of dense gas, with little or no rocky material, they formed in cooler parts of our solar system's protosolar cloud, so gases and ices were preserved.
	www.sciencemaster.com /jump/space/giants.php (532 words)

	Planet Found Orbiting Red Giant :: Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life in the Universe
		They are born by contraction in immense clouds of dust and gas, and when the central density and temperature become high enough, nuclear fusion ignites in their interiors.
		However, in the later phase of their lives, when the stars become giants, they slow down considerably and scientists then have a much better chance of detecting possible exoplanets in orbit around them.
		A key criterion for such suitable planets would be whether they reside in habitable zones, or regions sometimes protected by gas giants but with temperate climates and liquid water.
	www.astrobio.net /news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=361 (949 words)

	CNN.com - Study: Big planets form in cosmic flash - Nov. 28, 2002
		Giant gas planets like Jupiter probably form in hundreds of years, not millions of years as had been commonly thought, according to a new report.
		The jovian giants must sprout hastily in order to survive the punishing rays of nearby stars, an international team of astronomers said.
		"If a gas giant planet can't form quickly, it probably won't form at all," said University of Washington physicist Thomas Quinn, co-author of a study in the November 29 issue of the journal Science.
	www.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/11/28/fast.planets/index.html (379 words)

	Space News 29/11/2002 Gas giant planets form quicker than thought
		Gas giants like Jupiter may have formed in less than a thousand years - a lot faster than originally thought, according to a new simulation of planet formation by Italian and Canadian planetary scientists.
		In this scenario, a gas giant such as Jupiter or Saturn would take more than a million years to form.
		And it supports a competing theory that giant gas planets form more like stars: from the fragmentation of molecular clouds.
	pandora.nla.gov.au /pan/10082/20030620/www.abc.net.au/science/news/space/SpaceRepublish_737059.htm (475 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| World dispatch \| Russia's gas giant
		By supplying cheap, subsidised gas to domestic consumers, Gazprom is also supporting a huge proportion of the Russian economy as well as helping to keep the population warm through the long winters.
		Gazprom is portrayed as a giant octopus-like sea monster, its tentacles stretched across Russia, sucking gas out from the country's reserves, pumping it through its organs and depositing it in other reaches of Russia and Europe.
		The massive gas monopoly may have performed a convenient task for the Kremlin in removing some of the media outlets most aggressive in their criticism of Mr Putin's regime, but Moscow's business community is convinced that the president has a much tougher job on his hands in imposing order within Gazprom's own empire.
	www.guardian.co.uk /elsewhere/journalist/story/0,7792,474611,00.html (965 words)

	Gas giants may form rapidly, by Jupiter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The standard model of planetary evolution in the universe assumes that these giant gas planets are rare and take at least a million years to form as they orbit around their star.
		Giant gas planets like Jupiter form moons, and some of their moons, such as Jupiter's Europa, have water.
		If there are more giant planets in the universe, Quinn said, this means there are likely to be more moons with the basic ingredients needed for life.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/97736_astro29.shtml (639 words)

	Jupiter-like planets formed in hundreds — not millions — of years, study shows
		That process was thought to take a million years or so, and then the giants gradually accumulate their large gaseous envelopes over perhaps another 1 million to 10 million years.
		The existence of gas giant planets, it turns out, seems to be fairly common.
		Neither the new model nor the standard model accounts for why most of the gas giant planets found outside the solar system are much nearer their suns than are Jupiter and Saturn, Quinn said.
	www.washington.edu /newsroom/news/2002archive/11-02archive/k112802.html (779 words)

	Gas Giant - "Mana" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The activities of Danish power psych rockers Gas Giant have been well documented by Scott Heller in the pages of Aural Innovations, and I'm going to throw in my two cents with regards to their new CD, Mana.
		Gas Giant do an excellent job of blowing your face out and melting your brain while retaining a sense of melody and song.
		In summary, Gas Giant are an intensely powerful band that successfully blend the excitement of heavy rock's pioneering 60's/70's days with the best of the new millennium crop of Stoner-psychedelic bands.
	www.aural-innovations.com /issues/issue24/gasgia10.html (447 words)

	New theory aims to solve gas giant puzzle - Space.com - MSNBC.com
		Gas giants like Jupiter develop by swallowing up large quantities of the material in disks that swirl round newborn stars.
		Gas giants develop by swallowing up large quantities of the material in disks that swirl round newborn stars.
		One involves a rapid collapse of gas around a dense region, called a gravitational instability.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/7121201 (470 words)

	Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: New Model Hints at Quick Formation of Gas Giants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But scientists have discovered close to 100 similar giant planets orbiting nearby stars, which suggests that they are more plentiful than would be expected if they had such a long gestation period.
		Gas giants then slowly amass their atmospheres over millions of years.
		"If a gas giant planet can't form quickly," study co-author Thomas R. Quinn of the University of Washington notes, "it probably won't form at all." That's because the radiation emitted from the central star heats the gases circling a gas giant's center and, over time, scatters them away from the nascent planet, the scientists say.
	www.sciam.com /article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=00033010-E942-1DE4-A838809EC588F2D7 (365 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Gazprom celebrates 10th anniversary
		As early as 1989 a state-owned concern was formed on the basis of the Soviet Ministry of Oil and Gas and the then-minister Viktor Chernomyrdin became the head of the gas giant.
		Despite this, Russia’s state gas policy of late has been torn between two conflicting forces -- the main one aimed at preserving the gas monopoly as a powerful lever for maintaining influence at home and abroad; and a second lesser force led by liberal politicians attempting to reform the gas giant.
		In the times of Rem Vyakhirev Itera was selling Gazprom’s gas to the former Soviet states and producing gas at Gazprom fields on preferential terms.
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/company/cnr31095.htm (1181 words)

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