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	Gas-liquid chromatography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), or simply gas chromatography (GC), is a type of chromatography in which the mobile phase is a carrier gas, usually an inert gas such as helium or nitrogen, and the stationary phase is a microscopic layer of liquid on an inert solid support.
		Although the carrier gas sweeps the analyte molecules through the column, this motion is inhibited by the adsorption of the analyte molecules either onto the column walls or onto packing materials in the column.
		One example of the use of gas chromatography is in the study of the selectivity of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalysts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gas_chromatography (796 words)

	Ideal gas law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ideal gas law or equation is the equation of state of an ideal gas.
		The ideal gas law can be derived using statistical mechanics by assuming that a gas is composed of a large number of small molecules with no attractive or repulsive forces.
		Because the ideal gas law is not cubic, it fails to predict condensation from a gas to a liquid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universal_gas_equation (588 words)

	Glossary of Laser Basics
		Gas Laser A laser in which the active medium is gas.
		The gas near the phase interface is not in translational equilibrium and the translational equilibrium is achieved within a few mean free paths by collisions between particles in a thin region.
		Under the action of the incident electromagnetic field with the corresponding frequency, the atoms at upper level have a certain possibility to jump to the corresponding lower levels, emitting electromagnetic waves or photons with the same frequency, direction and phase with the incident waves.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/mechanical/mrl/ntm/Glossary.html (1466 words)

	AGA \| About Natural Gas
		Most of the growth in natural gas demand comes from electricity generators, who have turned to natural gas because it is the cleanest-burning fossil fuel and highly efficient.
		Most (84 percent) of the natural gas consumed in the United States is produced in the U.S. Canada provides much of the rest (13 percent), with 3 percent imported as liquefied natural gas (LNG).
		In Alaska, huge quantities of natural gas found in the North Slope region are only the tip of the iceberg in terms of the state’s total natural gas resources, but these supplies will remain stranded there until an Alaskan natural gas pipeline is built.
	www.aga.org /Template.cfm?section=About_Natural_Gas (529 words)

	The States of Matter
		As you may notice, we've divided the section on each state into two parts, a macroscopic part that talks about what each phase looks and feels like to your senses, and a microscopic part that talks about what the molecules of a substance in each phase are doing.
		The supercritical state is important to polymers because carbon dioxide in the supercritical state is a useful solvent in which to carry out certain polymerization reactions.
		Rubber and soft plastics are in the rubbery state at room temperature, while hard plastics are in the glassy state at room temperature.
	chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/faces/poly/tutorial/states.htm (1291 words)

	State Greenhouse Gas Programs: An Economic and Scientific Analysis (Summary) - by Joseph L. Bast, James M. Taylor, Jay ...
		State greenhouse gas programs aimed at reducing emissions to 7 percent less than 1990 levels could cost the average state government $3.2 billion in direct expenses and lost revenues, or 28.6 percent of an average state government’s entire 2001 revenues.
		States that try to reduce emissions on their own incur costs 10 times as great as would result from a national program because businesses and residents would find it easier to move to nearby states with lower energy costs or less burdensome regulations, and because states would have to rely on more costly regulatory approaches.
		The average state government would have to spend approximately $530 million a year ($55/ton) to implement a comprehensive greenhouse gas program and would lose $2.6 billion a year in revenues, for a total annual cost of $3.2 billion.
	www.heartland.org /article.cfm?artid=11559 (1730 words)

	Boat/US Magazine: Drive launched to recoup state gas taxes
		But boaters in 20 states are still being short-changed; they're paying substantial state taxes on their marine fuel and their money is still building highways, not docks or launching ramps.
		Boating's share of Ohio state gas taxes was one-half of one percent in the late 1990s when the Lake Erie Marine Trades Association formed a broad coalition of boating groups to get a bill introduced in the state legislature to raise the share another 1/4 of a percent.
		In the nation's third largest boating state, Florida, the state boating program received a tiny amount of state gas tax money, and it was earmarked for fighting aquatic weeds, at least until last summer.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BQK/is_1_9/ai_112350801 (1435 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Maine / Motorists to pay 0.6 cent more in state gas taxes on July 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The tax increase is tempered by figures from state energy officials showing that the average statewide price of regular gasoline as of Monday was $2.08 per gallon, a cent lower than the previous week's average.
		The state bolsters DOT highway and bridge needs with bond issues every year or so, which enables the state to maximize federal highway funding, the department's Greg Nadeau said Thursday.
		The July 1 gas tax increase is accompanied by a hike in Maine's diesel fuel tax to 26.3 cents per gallon.
	www.boston.com /news/local/maine/articles/2004/06/17/motorists_to_pay_06_cent_more_in_state_gas_taxes_on_july_1 (614 words)

	An Investigation of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials (NORM) in Oil and Gas Wells in New York State
		During the 1980's, elevated concentrations of NORM were found on oil and gas mining equipment in the North Sea and in the Southern United States (Escott, 1984).
		This survey included a wider representation of New York State gas and oil fields and took physical samples to determine the actual concentration of the radionuclides involved.
		Gas well samples included 43 brine (salty waters brought to the surface as a by-product of gas production), 10 scale, two sludge, two water and one soil sample.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dshm/hazrad/norm.htm (1696 words)

	MichPSC-About MI's Gas Industry
		Natural Gas is a naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon gases found in porous geological formations beneath the earth's surface.
		Gas producers use the knowledge gained in the United States over the past 150 years to explore for natural gas fields.
		Gas wells producing from the Antrim formation are treated differently because they are low-producers and generally not individually metered.
	www.cis.state.mi.us /mpsc/gas/about1.htm (1200 words)

	[No title]
		Perdue warned retailers that the state has the ability to check the prices they are paying and plans to prosecute gougers to the full extent of the law.
		Gas retailers typically do not keep a big inventory on hand, usually as little as three to five days worth, and that limited supply droved prices upward today, leading to the panic at the pump.
		Additionally, since gas is a commodity, companies will pay a lot more to get it when supply is limited, which raises the wholesale price, and consequently, the price at the pump.
	www.11alive.com /news/news_article.aspx?storyid=68579 (922 words)

	Equation of State
		If we divide both sides of the general equation by the mass of the gas, the volume becomes the specific volume, which is the inverse of the gas density.
		The value of the new constant depends on the type of gas as opposed to the universal gas constant, which is the same for all gases.
		The value of the equation of state for air is given on the slide as.286 kilo Joule per kilogram per degree Kelvin.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/eqstat.html (607 words)

	Division of Oil and Gas Exploration Incentive Credits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The statute also provides for an EIC for geophysical work on state land if that work is performed during the two seasons immediately preceding an announced lease sale and on land included within the sale area.
		This program is designed to encourage oil and gas exploration within remote parts of the state and to provide a means for the state to obtain exploration data from federal lands and certain private lands.
		As with the first program, the credits may be applied against oil and gas royalties and rentals payable to the state or taxes, or they may be assigned.
	www.dog.dnr.state.ak.us /oil/programs/incentives/incentives.htm (861 words)

	Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Depending on the particular gas, there is a potential for simultaneous exposure to both mechanical and chemical hazards.
		If the gas is flammable, flash points lower than room temperature compounded by high rates of diffusion present a danger of fire or explosion.
		Additional hazards of reactivity and toxicity of the gas, as well as asphyxiation, can be caused by high concentrations of even "harmless" gases such as nitrogen.
	www.pp.okstate.edu /ehs/MODULES/cylinder/intro.htm (167 words)

	World Builders Lesson 2 Geology States of Matter E Viau Cal State University LA
		The state that a rock or an ice cube is in depends on its temperature.
		We have all seen water come to the boil, beginning with little bubbles of gas on the bottom of the pot and becoming more and more turbulent as more of the water turns into steam and belches up through the liquid.
		Plasma is still another state of matter, one which we do not observe naturally on earth or on our sister planets because it requires a great deal of energy.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /courses/builders/lessons/less/les2/states.html (828 words)

	Gas tax on empty?
		Bader said even without the gas tax increase, the state has nearly $4 billion in new revenue for transportation generated by other new fees enacted with the transportation plan.
		State Rep. Beverly Woods, R-Kingston, the ranking minority member of the House Transportation Committee, said the proposal to temporarily suspend the state gas tax would draw on the general fund surplus to replace the lost revenue.
		Lawmakers in about a dozen other states are pushing for suspensions of state gas levies.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /transportation/239845_gastax08.html (999 words)

	AllRefer.com - latent heat (Physics) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Latent heat, also called heat of transformation, is the heat given up or absorbed by a unit mass of a substance as it changes from a solid to a liquid, from a liquid to a gas, or the reverse of either of these changes.
		The latent heat of vaporization of steam is 540 calories per gram, absorbed during vaporization or given up during condensation.
		For a substance going directly from the solid to the gas state, or the reverse, the heat absorbed or given up is known as the latent heat of sublimation.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/latenthe.html (286 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The Gas State Equations - A666812
		The gas state equation is hidden in many common everyday thermodynamic observations, like for instance in the weather forecast.
		The state equation for an ideal gas is an empirical formula which was derived after years and years of experiments.
		The state of a certain amount of a gas (or a gas mixture) is given by its temperature, pressure and volume.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/classic/A666812 (1724 words)

	Rice Lake Online
		Gas prices in Rice Lake were $3.09 a gallon on Wednesday morning, down a bit from local all-time highs last week of at least $3.19.
		Gas price concerns are shared by state officials, but they’re more concerned with gouging.
		Lautenschlager’s office will also be contacting gas retailers, oil producers, pipeline operators and others in the industry to strongly urge that they avoid taking advantage of the situation at a critical time to make excess profits at the expense of the public.
	www.chronotype.com /article.asp?ArticleID=9020 (1400 words)

	U.S. Gasoline Taxes by State
		State excise taxes represent rates effective as of July 2002.
		State sales taxes, expressed in cents per gallon, are based on selected city average retail gasoline prices as of April 1998.
		Represents the average of state tax rates multiplied by state gasoline consumption records.
	www.energy.ca.gov /gasoline/statistics/gas_taxes_by_state_2002.html (137 words)

	Stuff \|\| Can a sample in the gas state dissolve in water? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The particles of a substance in the gas state are far apart compared to the liquid state.
		Remember, 100ml of the sample in the gas state would occupy about 0.05ml in the liquid state - a few drops.
		This means it is possible for a large volume of ‘gas’ to dissolve in a small volume of water.
	www.shaunproberts.freeserve.co.uk /stuff/I3_gas_dissolving.htm (140 words)

	Gas prices in state set record
		The high cost of gas isn't expected to deter an estimated 33.4 million Americans from traveling 50 miles or more from home over the coming Labor Day holiday -- some 28.2 million travelers will leave by motor vehicle and 3.7 million by airplane, travel experts predict.
		But, he said, the price of gasoline is "so out of whack with reality" that once traders get over their anxiety that there is a big gas shortage, prices are going to drop quickly, possibly as soon as the end of the Labor Day weekend but certainly by Halloween.
		Gas prices vary widely by region and even by neighborhood, depending on shopping and traffic patterns, population density, natural boundaries and whether neighborhoods are residential, commercial or industrial, said Shell Oil Products spokesman Cameron Smyth.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /business/136377_gasprices23.html (704 words)

	Gas Taxes
		The motor fuel tax rate for marine use is 5 cents/gallon; aviation gas is 4.7 cents/gallon; and jet fuel is 3.2 cents/gallon.
		Other taxes include a 6% state sales tax and 1.25% county, plus additional local sales taxes and 1.2 cents per gallon state UST fee.
		Other states allow local communities to levy gasoline taxes in addition to any state taxes that might be levied.
	www.gaspricewatch.com /usgastaxes.asp (1301 words)

	EIA'S Natural Gas Residential Programs by State
		Retail unbundling, or restructuring, is the division of those services required to supply natural gas to consumers into various components that can then be separately purchased.
		With complete unbundling, consumers can choose their own gas supplier and the local distribution company continues to provide local transportation and distribution services.
		When possible, these data are compared with information obtained from the state public utility commissions or local distribution companies to provide information on the level of participation in the customer choice programs.
	www.eia.doe.gov /oil_gas/natural_gas/restructure/restructure.html (242 words)

	Binding Forces Between Atoms and Molecules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Certain irregular molecules commonly exhibit a fourth phase called the mesophase which is between the liquid and solid state.
		Therefore the fourth state of matter is the Liquid Crystalline state.
		Gas is the only state that is compressible.
	www.utmem.edu /physpharm/.001.html (190 words)

	The Record - News - 11/30/2001 - State: Natural gas a bargain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The average wholesale price of natural gas at the most important market center in North America for natural gas, averaged $6.55 per 1,000 cubic feet last winter and spiked to as high as $10 per 1,000 cubic feet at times of peak demand.
		The current wholesale price of natural gas at the market center, called the Henry Hub, is $2.98 per 1,000 cubic feet, according to the PSC.
		Virtually all the natural gas consumed in New York is imported from the Gulf of Mexico states and Canada.
	troyrecord.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=2712315&BRD=1170&PAG=461&...&rfi=6 (550 words)

	Thanks to higher gas tax, state agency is hiring -The Olympian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Legislature in April approved an increase of 5 cents a gallon in the state's current 23-cent gas tax.
		Washington State Department of Transportation workers who lost their jobs last year after voters rejected Referendum 51 are in luck.
		While some have moved on to other jobs and other states, he said there are still plenty who never found better work and will jump at their old jobs.
	www.theolympian.com /home/specialsections/Legislature/20030622/34241.shtml (783 words)

	Lansing State Journal:Rest stops may add gas, eateries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the next year or two, officials hope to have restaurants and gas stations leasing space at state rest areas.
		Some states already lease rest area space to fast food chains and gas stations along state-owned toll roads.
		Amos said she's found widespread bipartisan support in the Legislature for her proposal but she faces two other hurdles: Federal approval and opposition from some in the food service and gasoline industries, who defeated a similar push in the 1980s.
	www.lsj.com /news/local/030706_rest_1a-4a.html (647 words)

	Distribution and Production of Oil and Gas Wells by State
		Distribution tables of oil and gas wells by production rate for all wells, including marginal wells, are now available for many states for the years 1992 to 2002.
		Undercounting of the number of wells occurs in states where data is sometimes not available at the well level but only at the lease level.
		The Distribution of Oil and Gas Wells and Production Project was undertaken on behalf of the National Energy Technology Laboratory with support from the U.S.PetroSystem to provide a database for analyses assessing the impact of technological development on marginal gas wells.
	www.eia.doe.gov /pub/oil_gas/petrosystem/petrosysog.html (309 words)

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