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Topic: Gasohol

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	gasohol on Encyclopedia.com
		Gasohol has higher octane, or antiknock, properties than gasoline and burns more slowly, coolly, and completely, resulting in reduced emissions of some pollutants, but it also vaporizes more readily, potentially aggravating ozone pollution in warm weather.
		Methanol-based gasohol is also expensive to produce and is toxic and corrosive, and its emissions produce cancer-causing formaldehyde.
		Gasohol with 91 octane is in the pipeline in Thailand.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g1/gasohol.asp (426 words)

	[No title]
		Gasohol; alcohol-based ethers The proposed regulations provide that alcohol (that is, alcohol that is not produced from petroleum, natural gas, or coal (including peat)) used to produce ethers such as ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE) or methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is treated as alcohol for purposes of the reduced tax rates for gasohol.
		For example, a refiner that removes one million gallons of gasohol from its refinery for bulk shipment to a terminal could designate any one million gallons of gasoline that is removed at the terminal rack as gasohol, regardless of the actual alcohol-based ether content of the gasoline.
		(2) Gasohol--(i) In general--(A) Gasohol is a mixture of gasoline and alcohol that is 10 percent gasohol, 7.7 percent gasohol, or 5.7 percent gasohol.
	www.irs.gov /pub/irs-regs/td8609.txt (6301 words)

	Publication 378, Fuel Tax Credits and Refunds; Chapter 1 - Fuels, Gasoline and Gasohol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A gasohol blender may be allowed a credit or refund for part of the excise tax imposed on gasoline that the blender uses to produce gasohol.
		A gasohol blender is any person that regularly produces gasohol outside of the bulk transfer/terminal system for sale or use in the blender's trade or business.
		Gasohol is a mixture of gasoline and alcohol that satisfies the alcohol-content requirements immediately after the mixture is produced.
	www.pfb.com /MSCdownload/publications/p3780101.htm (876 words)

	Alcohol fuel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is also commonly available in the Midwest of the United States and is the only type of gasoline allowed to be sold in the state of Minnesota.
		The Archer Daniels Midland Corporation of Decatur, Illinois, better known as ADM, the world's largest grain processor, produces 40% of the ethanol used to make gasohol in the U.S. The company and its officers have been eloquent in their defense of ethanol and generous in contributing to both political parties.
		Presently the use of ethanol as fuel by Brazilian cars - as pure ethanol and in gasohol - replaces gasoline at the rate of about 27,000 cubic metres per day, or about 40% of the fuel that would be needed to run the fleet on gasoline alone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gasohol (7425 words)

	Gasohol, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Gasohol, a mixture of 90% unleaded gasoline and 10% ethyl alcohol, can be used in autos without making carburetor adjustments.
		If petroleum is used as the energy source for all the processes that lead to the production of gasohol, the whole idea seems to be a loser, and that does not even take into account the energy required for irrigation, drainage or other projects that subsidize agricultural production.
		Only if renewable energy sources can be used to produce gasohol can this fuel be considered as a solution to the petroleum problem even at latitudes where high yields of sugar and starch crops can be grown.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF3/373.html (300 words)

	Asia Times
		Debate in India on whether gasohol should be used or not has been a subject of debate and indecision for 30 years, which is why skeptics claim that the announcement that took effect January 1 has more to do with economic compulsions and domestic politics than just environmental concerns.
		"Gasohol is a step in the right direction and should be welcomed, even if it has taken long to arrive," said Professor H S Mukunda, an expert on biomass-based renewable energy systems at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore.
		Gasohol is actually the second green fuel that India has adopted.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/EA21Df03.html (953 words)

	Driving Without Gas
		Gasohol is an idea that has been smoldering for years in the nation’s corn-belt, and now it is sweeping out to all corners of the country – a bit like an out-of-control brush fire.
		The term Gasohol is defined as a mix of 90 percent unleaded gasoline and 10 percent (200 proof) ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
		Gasohol, from an economic point of view, is at the crossroads.
	www.green-trust.org /2000/biofuel/dwg/dwgch2.htm (4296 words)

	Gasohol a good start, but no final solution - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Compared to standard gasoline, the high-octane gasoline-ethanol blend is said to emit fewer greenhouse gases, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
		On the Mainland, many believe that the ethanol provision, which is mandated by the federal Clean Air Act, was concocted to enrich farmers and food processors under the guise of improving the environment.
		Rather than look to gasohol as the solution to our dependency on fossil fuels, let's see how it works here with an eye on establishing truly clean, efficient and cost-effective alternative energy sources.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2004/Jan/21/op/op02a.html (310 words)

	Determination of Ethanol in Gasohol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The environmental effects of the use of gasohol vs. gasoline are mixed.
		On the other hand, the vapor pressure of gasohol is greater than gasoline, so gasohol evaporates more readily which increases atmospheric contamination (especially in warm weather).
		Your assignment is to use GC and HPLC to quantify the amount of ethanol in a gasohol sample.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cfdgk/ialabs/chromlabs/gasahol.htm (386 words)

	Determination of Ethanol in Gasohol
		As with all farm subsidies, however, gasohol subsidies are controversial.
		The environmental effects of the use of gasohol vs. gasoline are mixed.
		Gasohol is a very complex mixture, so you’ll probably need to spend some time determining an effective chromatographic method.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cfjpb/teaching/ia/iaprojects/gasohol.htm (413 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - gasohol
		Gasohol, a blend of nine parts unleaded gasoline and one part alcohol (ethanol or methanol), used extensively in some countries to reduce the cost of...
		Bacteria play a role in the production of other products, including certain plastics and enzymes used in laundry detergents.
		Corn-based gasohol (a combination of unleaded gasoline and ethanol made from corn) reduces fossil energy use by 50 to 60 percent and pollution by 35...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /gasohol.html (98 words)

	Bangkok's Independent Newspaper
		Gasohol, petrol mixed with ethanol, has gained in popularity due mainly to a government subsidy that makes the price of gasohol Bt1.50 per litre less than 95 octane petrol.
		Shell is the third-largest retailer of gasohol after PTT and Bangchak Petroleum, which have 32 per cent and 27 per cent of the market, respectively.
		Shell is increasing the number of its service stations selling gasohol from 480 at present to 600 by the end of this year.
	www.nationmultimedia.com /2005/11/11/business/index.php?news=business_19126518.html (254 words)

	'Gasohol' may be timely product here - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The state surely is on the right track in considering a proposal that would mandate motor fuel in Hawai'i that includes a 10 percent ethanol content.
		Gasoline stations in many states, particularly in the corn belt, have long offered "gasohol" to motorists, usually a blend of 90 percent gasoline and 10 percent ethyl alcohol, which generally requires no adjustment to existing cars.
		A danger of turning to gasohol in Hawai'i is the cyclical nature of commodities: It makes sense when oil prices are high — they've never been higher and when grain or sugar cane prices are low.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2004/Aug/15/op/op02a.html (457 words)

	The ABC of Ethanol/Gasohol
		of India having recently cleared the decks for phased introduction of Gasohol in various States progressively from 2003 onwards, it may be worthwhile to know more about such a fuel for Automotive consumption.
		Gasohol will save the Country Crores of Rupees annually in precious foreign exchange.
		Besides, it’d develop the present Ethanol Industry in the Country to new heights and all the ‘downstream’ prosperity that goes with it.
	www.indiacar.com /infobank/ethanol_gasohol.htm (521 words)

	Alcohol as a fuel
		Additionally, ethanol has a much higher octane rating than ordinary gasoline, requiring changes to the spark timing in engines.
		The market share of the two car types has varied a lot over the last decades, in response to fuel price changes (which are fixed by the government, largely according to political criteria).
		Presently most of its MTBE production is exported, but, again, the company would profit more if MTBE were to replace ethanol in the domestic market as well.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/alcohol_as_a_fuel (4391 words)

	Ethanol or gasohol fuel composition containing as inhibitor a reaction product of itaconic acid and ...
		As is well known to those skilled in the art, fuel composition typified by gasohol and alcohols which are to be considered for commercial use must possess anti-wear activity; and this may be effected by addition thereto of various inhibition systems.
		The fuels which may be treated by the process of this invention include gasohols which may be formed by mixing 90-95 volumes of gasoline with 5-10 volumes of ethanol or methanol.
		Although this invention has been illustrated by reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the are that various changes and modifications may be made which clearly fall within the scope of this invention.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4412845.html (2711 words)

	As others go CNG, UP proposes `gasohol'
		Gasohol is a blending of gasoline or petrol with 10 per cent ethanol or grain alcohol.
		Further, gasohol, with less carbon content, greatly reduces the emissions of hazardous gases like carbon monoxide and oxides of sulphur.
		By adopting cleaner automotive fuels like CNG and gasohol, which enjoy a strong indigenous base, India will not only protect the health of its citizens, it will also save on its petrol import bills.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/20000806/fec06045.html (479 words)

	The Hindu : 6 pilot projects for gasohol announced
		He also indicated that a review of excise duty on petrol used for gasohol would be carried out and a decision taken prior to the budget.
		Addressing a press conference, he said the contracts for these blocks were expected to be signed in about three months and exploration for assessment of the CBM potential would then commence.
		On the new pilot projects for gasohol, he said three would be undertaken in Uttar Pradesh at Gonda, Kanpur (Panki) and Najibabad.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2001/12/21/stories/2001122101791700.htm (314 words)

	The Nation, 07/19/1980 - Mobil-izing Against Gasohol by Cook, Fred J. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Comments on the controversies surrounding the proposed development of gasohol in the U.S. focusing on the Carter administration's support for its development and the opposition by Mobil Oil Corp. and other agencies.
		...Duncan was asked about the gasohol denunciation by the supposedly prestigious E.R.A.B., but by this time, the members of the commission, in view of his statements, were not inclined to be rough on Mr...
		...Without waiting for the Gasohol Study Group's findings to be approved by the Energy Research Advisory Board (in itself a violation of Federal regulations), he fired off a memo to Energy Secretary Charles Duncan Jr., urging a cutback in the gasohol program...
	www.nationarchive.com /Summaries/v231i0003_10.htm (1389 words)

	Feature
		The supply of ethanol- blended petrol from this year marks the beginning of a new era of green transport fuels.
		The new eco-friendly fuel popularly called "gasohol" is expected to contribute towards a cleaner environment and benefit millions of sugarcane farmers.
		Tried out in the U.S. and Europe during the Second World War and currently strongly advocated across the European Union, it is, however, the Brazilian experience with its "gasohol" that is cited to buttress its case in India.
	pib.nic.in /feature/feyr2003/ffeb2003/f140220031.html (1349 words)

	OTHER POINTS ABOUT GASOHOL - Access to Energy Newsletter Archive
		Gasohol is not supposed to be more convenient, but an energy saver.
		But once we are in the realm of the unrealistic, we can also improve the energy balance by burning the corn in steam-mobiles and avoiding the need for distillation.
		Shouldn't the merits of gasohol be measured in dollars rather than BTU'S? In a free-market economy we would say yes, because the two would be closely coupled
	www.accesstoenergy.com /view/atearchive/s76a4356.htm (322 words)

	405M - Gasohol Transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Users are not required to use this contract for orders less than the minimum order; however, the user may elect to use this contract for orders less than the minimum order, if the contractor elects to accept such order.
		The scope of this contract is limited to Gasohol Transport.
		This contract is for use by all state agencies, departments, institutions, universities, community colleges, public school units, as well as cities and municipalities.
	www.doa.state.nc.us /PandC/405m.htm (1214 words)

	Thailand Travel Hotels - Energy Ministry launches gasohol drive
		Speaking of his satisfaction at the number of motorists who had switched to gasohol use, Energy Minister Viset Choopiban revealed that national gasohol sales had reached around one million litres a day, up from only 200,000 litres in January.
		Revealing the government’s ambitious target of halting all premium gasoline imports by the end of 2006, he urged motorists to switch to the new fuel, noting that it did not damage engines and was Bt1.50 per litre cheaper than conventional petrol.
		Bang Chak hopes to offer gasohol in 460 of its 500 petrol stations by the end of the year.
	www.lostinthailand.com /thailand-news/thailand-168.html (267 words)

	2-17-414. State vehicles to use gasohol -- definition -- record of purchase required -- audit. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		State vehicles to use gasohol -- definition -- record of purchase required -- audit.
		(2) For purposes of this section, "gasohol" means all products commonly or commercially known or sold as gasohol and used for the purpose of effectively and efficiently operating internal combustion engines, consisting of not less than 10% anhydrous ethanol produced from agricultural products, including wood or wood products.
		(3) An entity subject to the requirements of subsection (1) shall require that each purchase of gasohol by the operator of a motor vehicle using gasohol is reported to that entity by the motor vehicle operator.
	data.opi.state.mt.us /bills/1995/mca/2/17/2-17-414.htm (197 words)

	Enhanced migration of gasohol fuels in clay soils and sediments -- Stallard et al. 3 (1): 45 -- Environmental and ...
		In the reported research, the migration of gasoline-alcohol fuel mixtures (gasohol) through consolidated clay was examined.
		Increased hydraulic conductivity of the clay in the presence of gasohol is hypothesized to be due to the collapse of the clay's pores thereby creating larger pores.
		Increasing pore diameter decreases the capillary pressure needed for the gasohol to replace water and allows gasohol to migrate through the clay.
	eeg.geoscienceworld.org /cgi/content/abstract/3/1/45 (323 words)

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