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Topic: Gasoline additive

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	Gasoline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gasoline, also called petrol, is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons and enhanced with benzenes to increase octane ratings, used as fuel in internal combustion engines.
		Overall a typical gasoline is predominantly a mixture of paraffins (alkanes), naphthenes (cycloalkanes), aromatics and olefins (alkenes).
		Gasoline is rather volatile (meaning it readily evaporates), requiring that storage tanks on land and in vehicles be properly sealed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gasoline (3519 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Food additive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar), salting, as with bacon, or using sulfur dioxide as in some wines.
		Additive 103, alkanet, is not approved for use in Europe so does not have an E number, although it is approved for use in Australia and New Zealand.
		Flavours are additives that give food a particular taste or smell, and may be derived from natural ingredients or created articially.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Food_additive (544 words)

	MTBE Guidance - Conservation Policies - Sierra Club
		ReFormulated Gasoline (RFG) is required in serious ozone non-attainment areas and other areas that have "opted in" to require the use of RFG to reduce pollution from gasoline burning engines.
		Entities that are responsible for releases of gasoline to the environment should be subjected to heavy fines and penalties AND held strictly liable for cleanup and damages.
		Gasoline with MTBE as an additive should not be used in watercraft engines, since the likelihood of water contamination is high.
	www.sierraclub.org /policy/conservation/mtbe.asp (1805 words)

	Acetone In Fuel Said to Increase Mileage
		Too much additive would upset the mixture ratio because acetone (like alcohol) is a light molecule and tends to lean the mixture.
		After you first find the best gasoline in your area, then try the acetone amount for your car per ten gallons, and if you are happy with your newfound mileage, you might want to try stopping the use of acetone for a couple of tanks.
		Gasoline and/or acetone will dissolve cheap plastics, so be sure the container you store it in will not deteriorate.
	www.pureenergysystems.com /news/2005/03/17/6900069_Acetone (3235 words)

	A Primer On Gasoline Prices
		The primary use for gasoline is in automobiles and light trucks.
		Rapid gasoline price increases have occurred in response to crude oil shortages caused by, for example, the Arab oil embargo in 1973, the Iranian revolution in 1978, the Iran/Iraq war in 1980, and the Persian Gulf conflict in 1990.
		Gasoline price increases in recent years have been due in part to OPEC crude oil production cuts, turmoil in key oil producing countries, and problems with petroleum infrastructure (e.g., refineries and pipelines) within the United States.
	www.eia.doe.gov /pub/oil_gas/petroleum/analysis_publications/primer_on_gasoline_prices/html/petbro.html (2249 words)

	MTBE Recommendations
		In a report to the Connecticut General Assembly on the use of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) in reformulated gasoline, the DEP outlines five recommendations for dealing with MTBE as a gasoline additive.
		MTBE levels in gasoline increased in 1995 when gasoline was reformulated to reduce air pollution in areas such as Connecticut that did not meet federal air quality standards.
		The release of gasoline, primarily from leaking underground storage tanks, is the main source of ground and well water contamination.
	dep.state.ct.us /whatshap/press/2000/mf0223.htm (707 words)

	Gasoline additive bad
		The additive, MTBE, is used in reformulated gasoline required by the Environmental Protection Agency in all or parts of 16 states, including New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
		In addition to Pennsylvania and New Jersey, reformulated gasoline is required to be sold in all or part of California, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin.
		He said the report also emphasizes that alternatives to MTBE should be more widely brought into use as additives to gasoline to ensure that the air-quality gains made under the program are not eroded.
	www.waterindustry.org /mtbe-harmful.htm (858 words)

	The Differences in Gasoline
		Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) is a chemical compound that is used as a fuel additive in gasoline.
		MTBE is a gasoline additive that was also used in limited quantities in Michigan as an octane enhancer.
		All gasoline sold in the United States is required by the EPA to have a minimum level of fuel additive to prevent fuel injector clogging.
	www.michigan.gov /mda/0,1607,7-125-1566_1733_23370-63247--,00.html (545 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Maine / State poised to outlaw controversial gasoline additive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		After at least three attempts, the Legislature is poised to outlaw the sale of gasoline containing an additive blamed for contaminating groundwater.
		It began appearing in Maine gasoline in 1995, after the state signed on to the federal reformulated gas program designed to reduce toxic pollutants.
		"I think MTBE is doomed as a gasoline constituent, but the consequences are going to be with us for a long time," said Marcel Moreau, an underground tank expert in Portland who was one of the first to warn of its dangers.
	www.boston.com /news/local/maine/articles/2004/03/29/state_poised_to_outlaw_controversial_gasoline_additive (552 words)

	The Populist Party - EPA Revokes Gasoline-Additive Mandate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		States no longer will have to add corn-based ethanol or MTBE to gasoline to fight pollution - a requirement that costs as much as 8 cents a gallon - under rules announced Wednesday by the Environmental Protection Agency.
		The rules eliminate a mandate from the 1990 Clean Air Act that gasoline used in the smoggiest metropolitan areas contain 2% oxygen by weight.
		Oxygenate additives on average increase the price of gasoline by 4 cents to 8 cents a gallon, the EPA estimates.
	www.populistamerica.com /epa_revokes_gasoline_additive_mandate (369 words)

	Drinking Water Contaminants - The gasoline additive, MTBE
		MTBE is a gasoline additive which has been used since the late 1970s to help reduce automobile emissions.
		The increasing frequency of detection of the widely used gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in both ground and surface waters is receiving much attention from the media, environmental scientists, state environmental agencies, and federal agencies.
		If such an amount were to reach the water table (either by direct seepage of the gasoline or as assisted by infiltration of precipitation), subsequent dissolution and transport could lead to the contamination of millions of liters of water at the tens of µg/L level.
	www.cyber-nook.com /water/MTBE.html (1856 words)

	Comments on the Gasoline Additive MMT (methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) - OTAQ - EPA
		There is a concern that the use of manganese additives in gasoline could increase inhalation manganese exposures.
		After completing a risk evaluation in 1994 on the use of MMT in gasoline, EPA was unable, based on the available data, to determine if these is a risk to the public health from exposure to emissions of MMT gasoline.
		More specifically, modeling indicates that, as a result of MMT use in unleaded gasoline, certain portions of the population may be exposed to levels in the same range as the Reference Concentration (RfC or safe level for a lifetime exposure with an order of magnitude uncertainty).
	www.epa.gov /otaq/regs/fuels/additive/mmt_cmts.htm (456 words)

	ScienceDaily: Gasoline Additive Interferes With Alcohol Breath Analyzers
		MTBE is used to oxygenate gasoline and in some areas is required by law to reduce emissions.
		Method Removes Gas Additive MTBE From Tainted Water (March 31, 2000) -- A Purdue University chemist has developed an experimental method that could be used to remove the gasoline additive MTBE from polluted ground...
		Gasoline -- Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting primarily of hydrocarbons, used as fuel in internal combustion...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2001/12/011220081343.htm (1761 words)

	MyWestTexas.com - Gasoline prices may rise when two states ban additive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The additive makes cars burn gasoline more cleanly and efficiently, but concerns that the additive could leak from gasoline storage tanks and poison groundwater supplies have prompted several states to ban it.
		Right now, gasoline distributors are scrambling to switch over to sell fuel that is 90 percent gasoline and 10 percent ethanol.
		They are finding ethanol suppliers, piping in reformulated gasoline that can be mixed with ethanol and purging MTBE from draining tanks and pumps, said Michael R. Doyle, executive director of the New York State Petroleum Council, a lobbying group for the oil industry.
	www.mywesttexas.com /site/news.cfm?newsid=10626987&BRD=2288&PAG=461&dept_id=474107&rfi=6 (667 words)

	Gasoline Additive - D.W. Davies & Co., Inc. - Manufacturing Chemists
		is a gasoline additive designed to make all gasoline engines perform at top proficiency.
		gasoline additive acts as a power booster giving all engines added power.
		We manufacture a slightly different version of this formula for use by the aircraft industry to give airplanes extra power for "take-off" and extra power when needed for landing.
	www.dwdavies.com /transportation/sureburn.htm (180 words)

	Gasoline & Fuel Additive
		Gasoline Stabilizer -- Keeps fuel from deteriorating during storage.
		Diesel Fuel Additive Concentrate -- Improves the performance, fuel efficiency and longevity of diesel engines while reducing deposits, fl smoke, emissions and injector wear in heavy-duty diesel engines.
		Cetane Boost Diesel Fuel Additive -- Improves low temperature starting, fuel ignition quality and reliability while increasing power in diesel engines.
	www.pecuniary.com /synthetics/fueladd.html (176 words)

	MTBE Gasoline Additive Threatens US Ground Water
		(Reuters) - A widely used additive to make cleaner-burning gasoline, but which may cause cancer in humans, may be leaking into as many as 9,000 community water wells in 31 states from underground storage tanks, a study released on Monday found.
		The chemical known as MTBE -- which stands for methyl tertiary butyl ether -- was first added to gasoline to enhance octane and later in much larger amounts to cut air pollution.
		About 21 billion gallons of MTBE were produced for use in gasoline in the United States between 1970 and 1998.
	www.rense.com /politics6/usgrnd.htm (500 words)

	GTA - Polymers for improving gasoline and diesel atomization and combustion.
		The additive is a 100% hydrocarbon liquid containing a high molecular weight polymer.
		The elastic response of the polymer forces gasoline and diesel fuel, when mixed with air, to form uniformly sized droplets (see Sauter Mean Diameter Test).
		A homogeneous additive solution for the first test can be conveniently prepared by using a syringe (without a needle).
	www.gtatech.com /seltes.html (782 words)

	7/10/2003 -- New Hampshire is suing 22 oil companies over gasoline additive MTBE
		The lawsuit, filed in Merrimack County Superior Court, claims that the oil companies have added increasing amounts of the additive to gasoline, even though they knew years ago it would contaminate water supplies.
		Gasoline should not be allowed to leak into the environment, and the state of New Hampshire should address that problem," he said.
		In 1991, the state agreed with federal regulators to require gasoline suppliers to use additives to reduce air pollution in four counties as an alternative to tailpipe emission testing, the lawsuit said.
	www.climateark.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=26154 (601 words)

	Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Since 1979, MTBE has been used as a gasoline additive intended to help the fuel burn more smoothly and efficiently after lead was outlawed for use in gasoline.
		Since 1979, MTBE has been used as a gasoline additive intended to help the fuel burn more smoothly (as an anti-knock compound) and efficiently after lead was outlawed for use in gasoline.
		In 1995, the program of using "reformulated gasoline," sometimes referred to as RFG, became mandatory in areas plagued with poor air quality, especially during the winter months.
	www.amre.com /content/iw/mtbe.htm (636 words)

	EPA Announces End To MTBE Use In Gasoline
		MTBE is used in all or part of 16 states, and is in much of the gasoline sold in the Northeast.
		Refiners turned to the additive after the Clean Air Act required gasoline in areas with serious air pollution to contain at least two per cent oxygen by weight.
		Methanex said the "known root cause"' of MTBE in water is "uncontrolled and uncorrected gasoline release to the environment.
	www.rense.com /politics6/mtbes.htm (579 words)

	Reformulated fuel (MTBE) and Maximizer Gasoline Additive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Then the EPA mandated the use of reformulated gasoline in areas of the country with ozone and smog problems.
		MTBE is used in over 84% of reformulated gasoline because its ability to boost octane levels.
		The treatment ratio is one ounce to 20 gallons of gasoline and one ounce to ten gallons of diesel fuel.
	www.eimi.com /maxi-mizer/maxmtbe.htm (820 words)

	MTBE (gasoline additive) and the environment
		MTBE stands for methyl tertiary butyl ether, which is used as a gasoline additive or "oxygenate", and has two potential substitutes: ethanol and ETBE.
		The American Petroleum Institute has sued the EPA for ruling that 30% of all oxygenates in the domestic fuel supply be of renewable origin (meaning ethanol, which is pure 200 proof grain neutral spirits distilled from corn mash).
		There were reports of "bad smells" coming from MTBE gasoline in Fairbanks Alaska, but I am not sure there has been any research published on the health effects (I am sure the research was done but I have not looked for it).
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /newton/askasci/1995/environ/ENV166.HTM (364 words)

	AN ACT CONCERNING MTBE AS A GASOLINE ADDITIVE. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		MTBE is a chemical first added to gasoline to boost octane levels in fuels as a replacement for lead.
		The Clean Air Act requires gasoline sold in areas with unhealthy levels of air pollution to contain oxygenates, such as MTBE, because they produce more complete fuel combustion and result in less carbon monoxide and ozone-forming emissions.
		However, leaks from underground gasoline storage tanks and accidental gasoline spills have caused MTBE contamination of many state drinking water supplies.
	www.cga.ct.gov /2003/ba/2003SB-00840-R000089-BA.htm (166 words)

	The Heartland Institute - Arizona Bans Gasoline Additive MTBE - by James M. Taylor
		Since 1997, Arizona has relied on MTBE to satisfy the 1990 Clean Air Act amendments, which require oxygenated additives to be blended with gasoline to reduce pollution from vehicle exhaust systems.
		Although the science behind such claims is still uncertain and the alleged harms largely speculative, juries have begun to assess large financial penalties on gasoline companies for MTBE contamination, and a number of states have taken steps to ban the additive.
		Regardless of what additive is mixed with gasoline, the additive will contaminate groundwater if allowed to leak.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=15252 (765 words)

	Neo Synthetic Fuel Injection Cleaner and Gasoline additive from Upgrade Motoring
		But, if your car was designed to use unleaded regular gasoline, and you have had to upgrade to premium in order to avoid ping or knock, NEO Gasoline Fuel Injector Cleaner and Additive may help you enjoy the money-saving performance of unleaded regular gasoline again after one treatment.
		Frequent use of NEO Gasoline Fuel Injector Cleaner and Additive has been shown to be effective for cleaning modern fuel injection systems, where the smallest deposit can cause serious problems.
		NEO Gasoline Fuel Injector Cleaner and Additive cleaning potential assures that the fuel will be well atomized to deliver peak performance and complete combustion resulting in reduced engine emissions.
	www.upgrademotoring.com /performance/neo_gasadd.htm (478 words)

	Agencies say gasoline additive is contaminating water nationwide
		Leaking from gas stations' underground fuel tanks, it has forced wells to close, run up millions of dollars in cleanup costs, sparked suits and prompted state, local and federal investigations into a petrochemical that is still something of a mystery.
		Eight Northeastern states from New Jersey to Maine joined to ask Congress to allow them to decide whether MTBE or similar clean-air additives should be put in their gasoline.
		MTBE, called an oxygenate because it adds oxygen to gasoline, was developed by oil companies in the 1970s to boost octane and replace lead.
	www.anomalous-images.com /news/news563.html (890 words)

	MTBE and Reformulated Gasoline Update
		Publicity about the leaking of MTBE from gasoline storage tanks into aquifers has prompted legislators from the Midwest to push for a federal endorsement of corn-derived ethanol as a substitute oxygenate.
		Those on the gasoline supply side would like more regulatory consistency through time, or emissions regulations that depend on fuel performance, not any particular gasoline additive.
		They were both against the near-term elimination of MTBE as a gasoline blending component, agreeing that the primary problem is not the MTBE itself, but the leaking underground gasoline storage tanks where it is contained.
	www.agiweb.org /gap/legis107/mtbe.html (2098 words)

	AMSOIL Performance Improver Gasoline Additive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		AMSOIL Performance Improver is a specially formulated gasoline additive designed to clean and maintain a vehicle’s entire fuel intake system.
		An initial clean-up dose of six ounces of P.I. for 10 gallons of gasoline restores up to 95 percent of an injector’s original fuel flow.
		U.S. are equipped with knock sensors, which retard timing when gasoline isn’t high enough to allow the engine to perform the task it has been asked to perform, such as passing, going uphill or motoring in high temperatures.
	www.knowyouroil.com /missouri/pi.htm (937 words)

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