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Topic: Gastric distention

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Linitis plastica

Gastric acid

Cardia

Stomach

Cushing ulcer

Stomach cancer

Gastritis

Peptic ulcer

Curling ulcer

Hydrochloric acid

Autonomic nervous system

Small intestine

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Abdomen

	ATSDR - MMG: Hydrogen Peroxide
		Gastric distention due to liberation of oxygen in the stomach may occur, but hollow-organ rupture is uncommon when dilute solutions are ingested.
		Gastric lavage is useful in certain circumstances to remove caustic material and prepare for endoscopic examination.
		Consider gastric lavage with a small nasogastric tube if: (1) a large dose has been ingested; (2) the patient's condition is evaluated within 30 minutes; (3) the patient has oral lesions or persistent esophageal discomfort; and (4) the lavage can be administered within 1 hour of ingestion.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /MHMI/mmg174.html (4765 words)

	Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus - WSAVA 2004 Congress
		Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) is most commonly seen in large and giant breed dogs and occasionally in cats.
		Gastric distention eventually becomes so great that occlusion of the caudal vena cava and portal vein occurs.
		Plasma lactate concentration as a predictor of gastric necrosis and survival among dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus: 102 cases (1995-1998).
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2004&PID=pr08763&O=Generic (1270 words)

	Sect. 6, Ch. 4: Gastric Phase of Gastric Secretion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The gastric phase is initiated by the presence of food in the stomach.
		The stimuli involved in acid secretion are distention and the presence of amino acids and peptides after the action of pepsin.
		In general, gastric distention potentiates the stimulatory effects of chemical stimuli on acid secretion during this gastric phase.
	www.lib.mcg.edu /edu/eshuphysio/program/section6/6ch4/s6ch4_14.htm (168 words)

	Gastric distension - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gastric distention is bloating of the stomach when air is pumped into it.
		Gastric distention is potentially dangerous since it can cause the contents of the stomach to come up the esophagus (gullet) and spill back down into the lungs.
		CPR standards issued by the American Heart Association suggest that people suffering gastric distention be turned on their sides and the stomach be compressed gently to push out the air bloating the stomach.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gastric_distention (196 words)

	Stomach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The gastric juice, which is in the stomach, is highly acidic with a pH of 1-3.
		Gastric acid may cause or compound damage to the stomach wall or its layer of mucus, causing a peptic ulcer.
		The function of gastric acid is two fold: 1) it kills most of the bacteria in food, stimulates hunger, and activates pepsinogen into pepsin, and 2) denatures the complex protein molecule as a precursor to protein digestion through enzyme action in the stomach and small intestines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stomach (1483 words)

	Stomach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In most animals, the main job of the stomach is to break down, or denature, large fat molecules into smaller ones, so that they can be absorbed into the intestines more easily.
		Near the top of the pits, closest to the contents of the stomach, there are mucous-producing cells called goblet cells that help protect the stomach from self-digestion.
		Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and enteroglucagon decrease both gastric acid and motility.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gastric (1483 words)

	Stomach
		In ruminants, such as cows, the stomach is a large multichamber organ that hosts symbiotic bacteria that produce enzymes required for the digestion of cellulose from plant matter.
		The arteries supplying the stomach are the left gastric, the right gastric and right gastroepiploic branches of the hepatic, and the left gastroepiploic and short gastric branches of the lienal.
		The arteries break up at the base of the gastric tubules into a plexus of fine capillaries, which run upward between the tubules, anastomosing with each other, and ending in a plexus of larger capillaries, which surround the mouths of the tubes, and also form hexagonal meshes around the ducts.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/st/stomach.html (1247 words)

	PedsCCM: EB Journal Club Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The primary one is the percentage of daily caloric goals achieved during tube feeding, and the secondary outcome is the incidence of aspiration (by detection of pepsin in tracheal aspirates) and other complications, e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal distention.
		In the gastric feeding group, daily caloric goals were achieved 30 ± 23% of the time compared to 47 ± 22 % in the small-bowel group (p = 0.01).
		The incidence of aspiration was not different between the gastric and small-bowel groups (19 gastric versus 20 small-bowel patients, p = 0.8).
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /EBJ/THERAPY/Meert-nj_v_ng2.html (1118 words)

	Gastric Bypass Diet -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gastric bypass surgery has two main results: the tiny stomach pouch means that the patient is able to eat only very small portions of food at a time, drastically reducing intake of calories; and the shortened digestive tract prevents those calories from being fully absorbed.
		This is why gastric bypass surgery is classified as both a restrictive (reducing intake) and malabsorptive (reducing absorption) procedure.
		Gastric bypass surgery is recommended only for patients who are morbidly obese, usually more than 100 pounds (45 kg) overweight.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/61/gastric-bypass-diet.html (734 words)

	[DYSPHAGIA] small meals and reflux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gastric emptying time is crucial so, the slower the emptying (common in pts with reflux) the greater the risk of reflux.
		Gastric emptying of a scrambled egg meal, oesophageal transit of a liquid bolus and ambulatory monitoring of oesophageal pH were assessed before and after four weeks' therapy.
		Gastric distention was performed by injecting 0, 250, 500, or 750 ml of air in randomized order into a balloon and maintaining each stimulus for 15 min.
	list.dysphagia.com /dysphagia/1999-May/msg00122.html (2869 words)

	Gastric Cancer -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gastric acid is, together with several enzymes and the intrinsic factor, one of the main secretions of the stomach.
		Gastric acid is produced by parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) in the stomach.
		The pH of gastric acid is 2-3 in the stomach lumen, the acidity being maintained by the proton pump, a ''H+/K+ ATPase''.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/61/gastric-cancer.html (440 words)

	Gastric Distention: a Mechanism for Postprandial Gastroesophageal Reflux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		We investigated the effects of gastric distention on LES pressure in 16 normal subjects and 17 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
		Gastric distention resulted in a significant threefold to fourfold increase in the rate of transient LES relaxations in both groups.
		We conclude that gastric distention, by significantly increasing the rate of transient LES relaxations in both normal subjects and patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, may contribute to the postprandial increase in gastroesophageal reflux.
	www.gerd.com /articles/abstracts/38.htm (292 words)

	Effect of antibodies to the neuropeptide GRP on distention-induced gastric acid secretion in the rat.
		Effect of antibodies to the neuropeptide GRP on distention-induced gastric acid secretion in the rat.The present study examined and compared the effects of muscarinic blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade and immunoneutralization of the neuropeptide gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on distention- induced gastric acid secretion and gastrin release.
		Although distention-induced gastric acid secretion may be partially governed by muscarinic pathways, the acid secretory response to distention in the rat appears to involve GRP-containing neurons.
		Results of these studies indicate that, under the conditions of these experiments, the acid secretory response to gastric distention may be independent of its effect on gastrin release.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gp/5211.html (235 words)

	What is the effect of gastric distention on occurrence of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation?
		Gastric insufflation of air induces TLESRs similar to those seen spontaneously after a meal [6].
		The construction of two kinds of gastric pouches in dogs permitted also to show that the subcardiac region of the stomach is primarily responsible for triggering TLESRs induced by distention [7].
		This finding is in agreement with the fact that this gastric area is the most sensitive to induce vagal afferent discharges by mechanical stimulation [8].
	www.hon.ch /OESO/free/Vol_5_Eso_Junction/Articles/art101.html (473 words)

	Gastric Motility
		Interestingly, swallowing of food and consequent gastric distention inhibits contraction of this region of the stomach, allowing it to balloon out and form a large reservoir without a significant increase in pressure.
		Gastric distention strongly stimulates this type of contraction, accelerating liquefaction and hence, gastric emptying.
		Gastric motility is controlled by a very complex set of neural and hormonal signals.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/motility.html (549 words)

	Directory of open access journals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Mechanisms for regulation of gastrin and somatostatin release from isolated rat stomach during gastric distention.
		AIM: To investigate the intragastric mechanisms for regulation of gastric neuroendocrine functions during gastric distention in isolated vascularly perfused rat stomach.
		During the distention, the axonal blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), the cholinergic antagonist atropine, or the putative somatostatin-antagonist cyclo (7-aminoheptanoyl-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr(Bzl)) were applied by vascular perfusion.
	www.doaj.org /abstract?id=91411&toc=y (271 words)

	eMedicine - Gastric Volvulus : Article Excerpt by Jeremy Green
		Gastric volvulus is classified on the basis of its location in reference to the diaphragm and on the basis of the axis of rotation.
		Gastric volvulus is also classified on the basis of its axis of rotation.
		In the older child, gastric distention with air or fluid as a result of pyloric hypertrophy, pyloric stenosis, or air swallowing may cause ligamentous laxity and volvulus.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/gastric-volvulus.htm (878 words)

	Reflex interaction of pharynx, esophagus, and airways : GI Motility online
		The UES response to intraluminal pressure increase and distention is variable depending on the intensity and nature of the stimulus, in addition to the fact that the UES response to esophageal acidification had been poorly understood.
		Ventilation of gastric or esophageal gas across the UES into the pharynx may be accompanied by entry of food particles, acid mist, etc. into the hypopharynx, and predispose the airway to aspiration.
		In achalasia patients, esophageal balloon distention does not produce LES relaxation but the phasic contraction of the esophagus proximal to balloon distention exhibits a normal response, suggesting that extrinsic innervation of the esophagus is preserved in achalasia despite loss of intrinsic inhibitory neurons in the LES.
	www.nature.com /gimo/contents/pt1/full/gimo11.html (9418 words)

	Gastric Dilatation Volvulus Bloat
		Gastric dilatation-volvulus is an acute, life-threatening situation which requires immediate medical and surgical attention.
		This may or may not be accompanied by volvulus, or torsion, or twisting of the stomach on its long axis.
		In Dr. Glickman's study of 1934 dogs with GDV, he reports a death rate of 28.6% from gastric dilatation, and 33.3% from gastricdilatation-volvulus, and a lifetime recurrence rate of 80%, dropping to 3-5% with gastropexy.
	www.bmdca.org /health/Miscellaneous/Gastric_Dilatation_Volvulus_Bloat.php (2491 words)

	Gas-Related Complaints: Approach to the Patient with Lower GI Complaints: Merck Manual Professional
		Distention (bloating): The sensation of bloating can result from a number of GI (eg, aerophagia, nonulcer dyspepsia, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome) and non-GI (eg, myocardial ischemia) conditions.
		On the other hand, some patients with recurrent GI symptoms often cannot tolerate small quantities of gas: Retrograde colonic distention by balloon inflation or air instillation during colonoscopy often elicits severe discomfort in some patients (eg, those with irritable bowel syndrome) but minimal symptoms in others.
		In general, functional bloating, distention, and flatus run an intermittent, chronic course that is only partially relieved by therapy.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec02/ch008/ch008d.html (1239 words)

	Gastric Cancer
		Gastric cancer: "Four studies did not show that tomato intake reduces the risk of gastric cancer, but three studies suggest that tomato intake may reduce this...
		...atrophy reflected by gastric intestinal metaplasia in the corpus, especially at the lesser curvature, is a significant risk marker for gastric cancer, a study...
		The Role of Gastric Distention in Differentiating Recurrent Tumor...
	www.onconews.org /cancers/Gastric_Cancer.html (5179 words)

	Accuracy
		In the current study invasively obtained gastric electrical and mechanical activity were compared to EGG and evaluated the reliability and usefulness of the four major properties of the cutaneous signal i.e., frequency, amplitude, phase lag and wave form.
		Distention of the atonic canine stomach with a balloon increased the amplitude of EGG signals even when gastric contractile activity was completely abolished by Atropine and Glucagon (Fig.5.3).
		Distention of the canine stomachs had little effect on the wave form of LDB signals, but slightly increased the preponderance of the descending arms in cutaneous EGG waves.
	www2.enel.ucalgary.ca /People/Mintchev/accuracy.htm (3174 words)

	DHEA, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, hair loss, hair growth, buy Rx ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The aim of this study was to determine which factor, whether intragastric volume, pressure, or wall tension, determines perception of gastric distention.
		METHODS: Healthy subjects underwent increasing gastric distentions (2-minute duration at 5-minute intervals) either at fixed pressure levels using a conventional barostat (n = 10) or at fixed tension levels using a newly developed computerized tensostat (n = 12); perception was scored by a 0-6 scale.
		Distentions were performed during basal conditions (intravenous saline) and during gastric relaxation by glucagon administration (4.8 microgram/kg intravenous bolus plus 9.6 microgram.
	www.twinpharm.com /ref-glucagon/glucagon-research-abs4.167.html (1198 words)

	Gastric Pouch
		The BG/DGB also uses a small, vertically oriented gastric pouch quite similar to the gastric bypass procedure pouch, the difference being that the outlet is controlled by a band as in the vertical banded gastroplasty and silicone ring gastroplasty, etc., instead of a gastroenteric anastomosis.
		The mechanism of action is presumed to be the distention of the Roux limb with subsequent contraction, stopping the progression of fluid downwards and backing up the volume and pressure into the small pouch and, perhaps, even into the distal esophagus.
		While still in the first year after her gastric bypass, her life, already made difficult by divorce and economic circumstances, became severely disrupted when her only daughter developed a drug problem, an abusive relationship, and finally HIV, and was forced to give up her newborn child.
	www.digitalhorsewoman.com /gastricpouch.htm (7671 words)

	Trainers & Owners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Gastric ulcers occur when aggressive factors in gastric juice such as acid and digestive enzymes overpower the protective factors of the gastric mucosa.
		The horse stomach typically produces gastric acid not only in response to food stimuli and gastric distention (as in humans), but also on a continuous basis.
		Gastric acidity is significantly reduced when horses have free access to hay, compared with horses deprived of feed.
	www.egus.org /vet/monograph/pathog.htm (214 words)

	World J Gastroenterol
		Thereafter gastric lumen was continuously perfused with saline (1.5 ml/min) during an equilibration period of 25 min and a basal period of 10 min and the perfusate was allowed to flow off via a distal catheter.
		Subsequently, graded gastric distention was initiated by instillation of 5, 10 or 15 ml saline through the esophageal catheter at a rate of 2 ml per 10 sec while the distal catheter was blocked.
		Therefore the residual inhibition of gastrin during gastric distention in presence of the somatostatin-antagonist seems to be independent of endogenous somatostatin and may be mediated by inhibitory cholinergic pathways.
	www.wjgnet.com /1007-9327/9/129.asp (3086 words)

	Gastric Distention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Simply stated, Gastric Distention, is "air in the stomach." A question that is asked of every class, when discussing this subject is, "Has anyone ever experienced gastric distention?" Because the reality is that everyone, at one point or another, has had the experience to some degree.
		This "condition," called gastric distention is "created" by emergency care providers through the use of an improper ventilation technique, during rescue breathing or CPR.
		If the position is correct, the rate of ventilation is appropriate, but the amount of air is greater than the size of the lungs, the additional air will increase the pressure in the oropharynx and when the pressure exceeds that in the LES, air enters the stomach.
	www.emergencymedicaled.com /214Gastric%20Distention.htm (1776 words)

	Gastroesophageal Reflux - Spitting Up - New Treatments, May 2, 2006
		Gastric distention due to delayed emptying, overfeeding, or gastric hypersecretion can provoke these inappropriate relaxations.
		Otalgia, recurrent abdominal pain, and Barrett's esophagus (glandular metaplasia of the distal esophagus) are complications of prolonged gastroesophageal reflux.
		Regurgitant GER must be differentiated from disorders such as gastric outlet obstruction (especially pyloric stenosis), acid-peptic disease, food allergies or intolerances, malrotation, cyclic vomiting, and CNS lesions.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals2a/gastroesophageal_reflux.htm (570 words)

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