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Topic: Gastric inhibitory peptide

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	Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is a hormone secreted by K-cells in the duodenum of the gastrointestinal tract.
		It was formerly called gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide or gastric inhibitory peptide and was believed to neutralize stomach acid to protect the small intestine from acid damage as well as reduce the rate at which food is transferred through the stomach.
		Duodenum: CCK - GIP - secretin - motilin - VIP
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gastric_inhibitory_peptide (241 words)

	Stomach - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The gastric juice, which is in the stomach, is highly acidic with a pH of 1-3.
		Gastric acid may cause or compound damage to the stomach wall or its layer of mucus, causing a peptic ulcer.
		The function of gastric acid is two fold: 1) it kills most of the bacteria in food, stimulates hunger, and activates pepsinogen into pepsin, and 2) denatures the complex protein molecule as a precursor to protein digestion through enzyme action in the stomach and small intestines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gastric (1483 words)

	GIP - gastric inhibitory polypeptide
		The augmented GIP release in response to duodenal instillation of glucose and amino acids both in methylprednisolone-treated rats and in alloxan-treated rats may be explained by an increased absorption of these nutrients owing to an increased Na+ K+ ATPase activity in the intestinal mucosa of corticosteroid- and alloxan-treated rats.
		Gastric inhibitory polypeptide was not released after a standard meal in affected dogs, but this blunted response was corrected by the addition of pancreatic enzymes to the food.
		The effect of porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide on hepatic glycogen metabolism was investigated in the isolated in situ perfused rat liver.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/88625.html (7051 words)

	PYY - peptide YY
		The neuroendocrine peptides known to regulate gastrointestinal motility, namely secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), motilin, somatostatin, peptide YY (PYY), substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and galanin, were measured in tissue extracts of different segments of the gut by radioimmunoassay.
		Somatostatin and peptide YY originating from endocrine cells may exert direct inhibitory effects, possibly via somatostatin and peptide YY receptors on the EC cells, and a cholinergic muscarinic mechanism may exert indirect effects on the vascular release of serotonin via the muscarinic receptor on the endocrine cells.
		Peptide YY showed a high degree of co-localization with glucagon- and insulin-producing cells in early pancreatic development, but by adulthood, peptide YY was expressed in less than half of the alpha cells and was no longer expressed in beta cells.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/91420.html (5090 words)

	Peptide Hormones
		Its signal peptide is removed in the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and it is packaged into secretory vesicles in the Golgi, folded to its native structure, and locked in this conformation by the formation of 2 disulfide bonds.
		Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) is derived from a 153-amino acid proprotein encoded by the GIP gene and circulates as a biologically active 42-amino acid peptide.
		GIP is synthesized by enteroendocrine K-cells whose locations are primarily in the duodenum and proximal jejunum.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/peptide-hormones.html (6426 words)

	Linco Research, Inc. - Human Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (Total) ELISA Kit
		GIP, also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, is a 42 amino acid peptide hormone synthesized in and secreted from K cells in the intestinal epithelium.
		GIP secretion is primarily regulated by nutrients, especially fat.
		Recent studies found that the inhibition of GIP signaling prevents the onset of obesity and consequent insulin resistance induced by a high fat diet.
	www.lincoresearch.com /products/ezhgip-54k.html (189 words)

	Gastric Inhibitory Peptide
		Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is a member of the secretin family of hormones.
		It was discovered as a factor in extracts of intestine that inhibited gastric motility and secretion of acid, and initially called enterogastrone.
		Another activity of GIP is its ability to enhance the release of insulin in response to infusions of glucose.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/gip.html (92 words)

	Glucagon, Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP), Oxyntomodulin (OXM), Glucagon-like peptide-1/2 (GLP1-2), GLP1-2 Receptors, ...
		GIP is derived by proteolytic processing of a 153-residue precursor, preproGIP; it is a member of a family of structurally related hormones that includes secretin, glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and growth hormone-releasing factor.
		(Growth hormone-releasing factor) 44 aa peptide (chr 20q11.2) with a mass of 13kD is released by the hypothalamus and acts on the adenohypophyse to stimulate the secretion of Growth Hormone, GRF is mainly secreted by pancreatic islet cells, its antagonists inhibit the growth of various cancers in vivo.
		Sequence alignment for GLP1and2 Peptides and GLP1and2 Receptors.
	www.4adi.com /flr/glpflr.html (920 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Gastric inhibitory peptide
		Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by the duodenum.
		Formerly, it was believed to neutralize stomach acid to protect the small intestine from acid damage as well as reduce the rate at which food is transferred through the stomach.
		After this discovery, it was given a new name, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, but still uses GIP as an acronym.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Gastric_inhibitory_peptide (283 words)

	[Gastric inhibitory peptide] \| [All the best Gastric inhibitory peptide resources at ipod.topicsware.com] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Forty-one studies were analyzed in order to understand the effects of different operations on the behavior of gut peptides (ghrelin, cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide,...
		Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) was initially thought to regulate gastric acid secretion, whereas glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was discovered as a result of a systematic search for intestinal insulinotropic products of...
		Analogs of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and their use of...
	ipod.topicsware.com /Thyroid_hormone/Gastric_inhibitory_peptide (641 words)

	Glucose Dependent Insulinotropic peptide GIP
		GIP is secreted from the K cells in the upper small intestine (predominantly duodenum) in response to fat and carbohydrate absorption.
		The insulinotropic contribution of GIP is equivalent to GLP-1 in the physiologic plasma glucose ranges Regul Pept.
		GIP receptor antagonists may have a part to play in future obesity treatment although the implications of GIP-blockade on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism might well restrict its evolution into a therapeutic agent for obesity in the near future.
	www.guthormones.co.uk /GIP.htm (1070 words)

	Peptide, peptide mass calculation, vasoactive intestinal peptide
		Peptide Peptide Peptide Division was founded inApril 1997, as a part of the BioBio Society.
		Peptide Devoted to the modeling of polypeptide structures, aiming to bridge the gap from organic to biochemistry for undergraduates at the University of Pittsburgh,.
		Peptide The resulting C-NO bond is called a peptide bond, and the resulting molecule is called an.
	www.cargolist.org /peptide.html (1024 words)

	inhibitory peptide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Inhibitory peptide at 100 μM concentration may be a starting point.
		Inhibitory peptide at 100 uM concentration may be a starting point.
		It was formerly called gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide or gastric inhibitory peptide and was believed...
	primi-su-google.nuz.it /notizie/inhibitory-peptide.htm (348 words)

	Peptide analogues of gip for treatment of diabetes, insulin resistance and obesity patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In fact, all studies published to date indicate that GIP is a key physiological component of the enteroinsular axis and that functional ablation of GIP leads to impaired glucose homeostasis moving the metabolic characteristic towards a type 2 diabetes phenotype (Gault, V. et al., 2002, Biochem.
		Most notable of these are rapid peptide degradation and rapid absorption (peak concentrations are reached in 20 minutes) and the resulting need for both high dosage and precise timing with meals.
		Indeed, compensation by GIP is held to explain the modest disturbances of glucose homeostasis observed in tGLP-1 knockout mice.
	www.freshpatents.com /Peptide-analogues-of-gip-for-treatment-of-diabetes-insulin-resistance-and-obesity-dt20051208ptan20050272652.php (1981 words)

	GIP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) is a hormone made by the upper small intestine.
		It is made in response to protein and fat in the chyme.
		GIP travels through the blood to the stomach and causes the stomach to slow the emptying of its contents into the small intestine.
	www.earlham.edu /~henryia/nutrition/GIP.html (48 words)

	Effects of intraduodenal glucose and fructose on antropyloric motility and appetite in healthy humans -- Rayner et al. ...
		GIP (27, 40) are unlikely to have major effects in the regulation
		and the release of insulin, GLP-1, and GIP.
		Gastric emptying, glucose responses, and insulin secretion after a liquid test meal: effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide in type 2 (noninsulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/278/2/R360 (4316 words)

	Endotext.com - Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Tumor (VIPoma)
		The absence of gastric hypersecretion and even achlorhydria were documented in patients with this tumor syndrome,(280-282) later termed pancreatic cholera because the observed severe diarrhea resembled Vibrio cholerae disease (283).
		The more commonly observed hypochlorhydria results from the direct gastric acid inhibitory effect of VIP, a biologic property that is shared with other members of the secretin-glucagon family: secretin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and polypeptide histidine and isoleucine (287).
		The structural homology between VIP and secretin, glucagon, GIP, and peptide histidine and isoleucine (291) may account for enhanced secretion of pancreatic juice and inhibition of gastric acid secretion.
	www.endotext.org /guthormones/guthormone6/guthormone6.htm (1789 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Hypotension: capillary blood flow in the gastric and duodenal mucosa is responsible for carrying away the back-diffusing H+ from the lumen and for buffering the H+, by delivering HCO3-.
		Answer: The oral load is more rapidly utilized since the secretion of GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide) is stimulated by glucose in the duodenal and jejunal mucosa (secretion is stimulated by the presence of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids).
		Although GIP is also responsible for inhibiting gastric H+ secretion, it's main effect is to stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreatic B cells.
	cpmcnet.columbia.edu /student/ssn/sbpmd/wk5qa.doc (2477 words)

	The Parietal Cell: Mechanism of Acid Secretion
		The epithelium of the stomach is intrinsically resistant to the damaging effects of gastric acid and other insults.
		Nonetheless, excessive secretion of gastric acid is a major problem in human and, to a lesser extent, animal populations, leading to gastritis, gastric ulcers and peptic acid disease.
		Histamine from enterochromaffin-like cells may well be the primary modulator, but the magnitude of the stimulus appears to result from a complex additive or multiplicative interaction of signals of each type.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/stomach/parietal.html (853 words)

	Bariatric Surgery - Gastric Inhibitory Peptide Online Info Resource (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Calcitriol Prostaglandin Atrium (anatomy) Atrial natriuretic peptide Stomach Gastrin Duodenum Cholecystokinin Gastric inhibitory peptide Secretin Motilin Vasoactive intestinal peptide Ileum...
		The effect of Metamucil on postprandial blood glucose and plasma gastric inhibitory peptide in insulin-dependent diabetics.
		Egg ingestion, whatever the part, increased gastric inhibitory peptide level in the blood.
	www.bariatric-surgery-guide.net /gastricinhibitorypeptide (780 words)

	Elevated Plasma Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Associates With Hyperinsulinemia in Impaired Glucose ...
		Figure 1— Mean ± SE plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, total GIP responses, the insulinogenic index (from 0 to 20 min), and the ratio of plasma insulin to total plasma GIP increment (from 0 to 20 min) during the OGTT in our study population.
		GIP infusions (15,16), implying that the pathology of diabetes
		Kieffer TJ, McIntosh CH, Pederson RA: Degradation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and truncated glucagon-like peptide 1 in vitro and in vivo by dipeptidyl peptidase IV.
	care.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/27/7/1692 (3694 words)

	Bioreagents.com: Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide Receptor
		OPA1-15059 detects the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor from human samples.
		By immunohistochemistry, OPA1-15059 detects the gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded human tissues.
		Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) expression has been reported in human bone, fetal adrenal, and pancreas.
	www.bioreagents.com /index.cfm/fuseaction/products.detail/CatNbr/OPA1-15059 (143 words)

	Augmentation of Alimentary Insulin Secretion despite Similar Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) Responses in Juvenile ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Mojsov S, Weir GC, Habener JF 1987 Insulinotropin: glucagon-like peptide 1 (7–37) co-encoded in the glucagon gene is a potent stimulator of insulin release in the perfused rat pancreas.
		Thorens B 1992 Expression cloning of the pancreatic ß-cell receptor for the glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1.
		Chan CB, Peberson RA, Buchan AMJ, Tubesing KB, Grown J 1984 Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and insulin release in the obese Zucker rat.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/47/5/628 (3539 words)

	Health, Autistic Spectrum Disorder
		These toxic peptides leak through the gut wall, enter the blood stream and affix to opioid receptors in the brain and on certain immune cells.
		Reichelt has been able to show that when the levels of these peptides in the urine are high, the child’s autistic symptoms worsen, and conversely, when the levels decline the symptoms improve.
		These peptides include casomorphin from casein found in dairy products, gliadorphin which comes from gliadin or gluten in gluten-containing grains and dermorphin whose etiology is unclear, but which is identical to a toxin produced by a certain South American tree frog.
	www.springboard4health.com /notebook/health_autism2.html (5952 words)

	Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) polyclonal antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) polyclonal antibodies from Research Diagnostics Inc
		Description/Specificity GIP occurs in endocrine cells in the small intestine.
		GIP is released upon feeding, particularly after carbohydrate-rich food, and is known to sensitize the insulin cells to rise in blood sugar and is thus involved in the insular axis.
	www.researchd.com /miscabs/pro16026.htm (303 words)

	Acute incretin response to oral glucose is associated with stimulation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, not ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Acute incretin response to oral glucose is associated with stimulation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, not glucagon-like peptide in young subjects -- Limb et al.
		Acute incretin response to oral glucose is associated with stimulation of gastric inhibitory polypeptide, not glucagon-like peptide in young subjects
		rise in plasma GIP and insulin was nearly identical.
	www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/abstract/41/3/364 (359 words)

	Human Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide precursor (GIP) Antibodies
		The two GLP's are mainly produced in the A cells of the Islets of Langerhans in response to a drop in blood sugar concentration.
		The 10 AA Human GIP71-P control peptide is 90% conserved in mouse, rat and pig GIP.
		The GIP71-P control peptide is available to confirm specificity of antibodies.
	www.4adi.com /data/receptor/gip71.html (442 words)

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